Table of Content

30 April 2000, Volume 18 Issue 2

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论著

COMPARISON OF rDNA-ITS2 SEQUENCES AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF ANOPHELES KUNMINGENSIS AND ANOPHELES LANGSHANENSIS IN CHINA, WITH DISCUSSION ON TAXONOMIC STATUS

MAYajun;QUFeng-yi;LEIXintian;DONGXueshu

2000, 18(2):  1-68. 

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　Objective] To determine the taxonomic status of Anopheles kunmingensis (AK) and An.liangshanensis (AL) from China. [Methods] Sequence differences of rDNA ITS2 and main morphological \{characters\} variability between different sources of AK and AL were compared. [Results] The level of rDNA ITS2 sequence differences among eight samples was under 2 9%. The total occurrence rates of main morphological characters examined in the female mosquitoes with pale fringe spot on V5 2, white basal band (or spot) on hind tarsomere Ⅳ, and larvae with bifurcated head hair 2 C were 43%(9/21), 89%(17/19), 40(4/10) in AK, and 79%(34/43), 44%(17/39), 20%(4/20) in AL, respectively. These rates calculated from separate colonies fluctuated within a wide range and overlapped, suggesting that there was no definite, stable morphological difference between AK and AL. [Conclusion] The morphological and molecular variations between AK and AL were small and belong to intraspecific level. The AK and AL may be considered as the same species, and that the An.kunmingensis may be recognized as the synonym of An.liangshanensis.


EVALUATION OF SCHISTOSOMAJAPONICUM TEGUMENTAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN (SjMAg) IN IMMUNODIAGNOSIS AND EFFICACY ASSESSMENT

ZHANGShun-ke;YIXin-yuan;SHUXin-hua;LIZhong-jie;ZENGQing-ren;ZHOUJin-chun;ZENGXian-fang

2000, 18(2):  2-72. 

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　Objective To evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of SjMAg in detecting specific antibodies in sera of patients with schistosomiasis japonica and in assessing therapeutic efficacy. [Methods]\ SjMAg-ELISA was used to determine the specific IgG and IgG\-4 in sera of patients with schistosomiasis japonica at different time points after chemotherapy. [Results]\ SjMAg-ELISA was as sensitive and specific as SEA-ELISA. The negative conversion rate of IgG detected by SjMAg-ELISA 12 months after treatment was 80.0%, being significantly higher than 43.3% by SEA-ELISA. The negative conversion rate of IgG\-4 detected by SjMAg-ELISA 12 months after treatment was 93.3%, being significantly higher than 60.0% by SEA-ELISA.The negative conversion rates of IgG and IgG\-4 2 yr after treatment were 92.9% and 97.6% respectively. [Conclusion]\ SjMAg-ELISA is comparable to SEA-ELISA in diagnosing schistosomiasis japonica and is more effective in assessing therapeutic efficacy.\;


CLONING OF CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSAE AgB cDNA CODING REGION

WANGQing-min;DAIJian-xin;ZHANGPing-wu;SUNShu-han

2000, 18(2):  3-75. 

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　Objective] To amplify and clone Cysticercus cellulosae AgB cDNA coding region. [Methods] The AgB cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR technique from the total RNA of Cysticercus cellulosae. It was cloned into the vector pUC118 and sequenced. [Results] The PCR amplified product was a single band of 2.6 kb in size. The sequences of AgB cDNA coding region has 99.8% homology with that of Australian Cysticercus cellulosae, and their amino acid sequences have 99.3% homology. [Conclusion] Cysticercus cellulosae AgB cDNA coding region has been cloned successfully.\;


THE SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF GUANGHUOXIANG VOLATILE OIL AND SODIUM ARTESUNATE AGAINST PLASMODIUM BERGHEI AND REVERSAL OF SA-RESISTANT PLASMODIUM BERGHEI

LIUAi-ru;YUZong-yuan;LULi-li;SUIZai-yun

2000, 18(2):  4-78. 

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　Objective] To study the synergistic action of a combination of guanghuoxiang volatile oil (B) and sodium artesunate (SA) against Plasmodium berghei (P.b) and the resistance-reversal activity against SA-resistant P.b (P.b SA-R). [Methods] Mice infected with P.b N or P.b R were treated with a combination of B and SA respectively by 4-day suppressive test method and linear regression to calculate the SD₅₀ of B and SA for each drug alone and in combination (equally effective dose compatiblity). [Results] B alone, N:SD₅₀=87.64±19.58(GKD),R:SD₅₀=43.24±7.71(GKD); SA alone, N:SD₅₀=0.88±0.01(MGKD), R:SD₅₀=27.69±0.93(MGKD). B and SA combination, N:B SD₅₀=36.89±4.57(GKD), SA SD₅₀=0.39±0.05(MGKD); R:B SD₅₀=7.40±1.30(GKD),SA SD₅₀=4.21±0.74(MGKD). The synergistic indexes of B and SA in combination were 2.2 for N and 6.6 for R, respectivly. The multiple of resistance reversal of B vs SA was 6.6. The relative reversal rate was 87.6%. [Conclusion] A combination of B and SA may enhance the antimalarial effect against P.b and reverse the SA-resistance of P.b and delay the occurrence of resistance to SA in N.\;


STUDIES ON THE RECURRENT ATTACKS OF ACUTE ADENOLYMPHANGITIS DUE TO MALAYAN FILARIASIS

SHIZong-jun;XIEJin-zhou;HUXing-lin;LIZhong-xing;RENYan-fen;SUNDe-jian;XUShu-ren;YUANYi-zhen;SHENBing-gui

2000, 18(2):  5-83. 

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　Objective] To explore the role of filarial and bacterial infections in the recurrent attacks of acute adenolymphangitis due to malayan fialriasis. [Methods] 1. To observe the seasonal fluctuation of acute attacks by performing monthly follow-up on patients with history of acute attacks in recent years. 2. To study the relationship between bacterial infection and filarial adenolymphangitis by performing bacteria culture and anti-streptolysin O test. 3. To investigate the variation of acute attacks by controlling filariasis transmission or by treating patients with a history of recurrent acute attacks. [Results] 1. The peak of acute attacks in patients coincided with the peak of vector transmission season. 2. Of the 97 cases examined by bacteria culture, 90 cases were negative; of the 255 cases examined by anti-streptolysin O test, the titres in 94.1%(143/152) of the cases with first attack and simple adenolymphangitis were within normal limits, however, the titres in 27.2%(28/103) of the cases complicated with elephantiasis were increased. 3. The acute attack rate of adenolymphangitis per year reduced significantly in cases with first attack and simple adenolymphangitis after effective control of filariasis transmission. 4. There was no evidence of the reduction of acute attacks by treating patients with DEC alone. [Conclusion] In malayan filariasis endemic areas, the main causes of recurrent attacks of acute adenolymphangitis might be the repeated filarial infections due to the persistence of filariasis transmission.


STUDIES ON THE CONTINUOUS CULTURE AND PATHOGENICITY OF ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS

CHENJin-fu;LIUGuang-ying;WENWang-rong;CHENChao

2000, 18(2):  6-86. 

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　Objective] To establish a method for continuous culture of Entamoeba gingivalis (E.g.) and study the pathogenicity of E.g.. [Methods] The culture conditions of E.g. were compared by observing its growth and reproduction. The pathogenicity of E.g. was studied by investigating its infection rate in humans and observing the relationship between E.g. infection and periodontal abscess in rats and the in vitro effect of some drugs. [Results] The optimal culture condition of E.g. was modified LES medium containing Locke′s solution with 20% bovine serum, penicillin, streptomycin and rice starch. Reproduction of E.g. peaked at the fourth day of incubatoin, E.g. could live continuously for 120 to 168 h. The infection rate of E.g. was higher in patients with periondontal diseases than in healthy groups. The animal test showed that E.g. could cause periondontal abscess in rats. The levels of acid phosphatase and MDA were higher in patients with E.g.-positive periondontal disease than in healthy individuals. Metronidazole and SBF are effective against E.g.. [Conclusion] E.g. could grow very well in modified LES medium, and cause periondontal abscess in patients with low immunity. \;


ALLOZYM E-BASED GENETIC VARIATION WITH IN AN UNSTABLE

ZHANGYi;GeorgeM.Davis;LIUHe-xiang;FENGTing

2000, 18(2):  7-91. 

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CIRCULATING ANTIGEN DETECTION IN SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA PATIENTS BY SANDWICH ELISA USING POLYCLONAL AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

QIULishu;FENGZheng;ZHANGYonghong;LIHao

2000, 18(2):  8-93. 

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　Objective] To detect circulating antigen in the patients with schistosomiasis. [Methods] Polyclonal antibody(PcAb) monoclonal antibody(McAb) sandwich ELISA. [Results] Sera from 150 patients with schistosomiasis were detected, the average sensitivity was 84.7%(72.0%～91.0%). No false positive reaction was detected in 40 normal controls and none but 2 patients(2/10) with paragonimiasis showed cross reactions among 74 cases with other parasitic infections. [Conclusion] PcAb McAb sandwich ELISA is a relatively ideal method for circulatling antigen detection.


A NMRI SUCKLING MOUSE MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF INFECTIVITY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM OOCYSTS

XundeLI;PhilippeBrasseur

2000, 18(2):  9-97. 

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　Objective] To evaluate the infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in NMRI suckling mouse. [Methods] Four-day- old SPF NMRI suckling mice were inoculated with different amounts of oocysts by oral gavage. On day 7 after inoculation, suckling mice were sacrificed, and a suspension was prepared by homogenizing the intestinal tract from pylorus to anus. A mouse was considered infected when oocysts were found in smears of the intestinal content suspension stained with carbo lfuchsin solution. The infectivity of oocysts was evaluated as measured by the percentage of infected mice in each group.[Results] Mice receiving 1 500 or 2 000 oocysts were all infected. The percentages of infected mice were 88, 74, 51 and 28 respectively after ingestion of 1 000, 500, 250 and 100 oocysts. The percentage of infected mice was 9.5% after ingesting as few as 50 oocysts. [Conclusion] This model is convenient for evaluation of the infectivity of C.parvum oocysts.


CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF PRAZIQUANTEL IN RATS WITH PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY TO CLONORCHIS SINENSIS INFECTION

Fu-ShiQUAN;Hye-JeongLEE;Myung-SookCHUNG;Joon-SangLEE;Han-JongRIM;Kyoung-HwanJOO

2000, 18(2):  10-102. 

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　Objective] To study the synergic effect of praziquantel(PZQ) and host acquired immunity on Clonorchis sinensis. [Methods] Acquired immunity to C.sinensis was induced by immunization with crude adult worm antigen (AW Ag) and excretory-secretory antigen (ES Ag) or infection with C.sinensis metacercariae. The effect was assessed by the worm reduction rate compared with the control groups after challenge infection with 50 metacercariae and treated orally with a subcurative dose of praziquantel (50 mg/kg). Significant test was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Npar1 way Kruskal-Wallis test. All calculations were performed by PC-SAS system. [Results] 1. PZQ was more effective against C.sinensis larvae than against adult worms in the control (P<0.001), ES Ag (P<0.01) or crude AW Ag immunization group (P<0.001). 2. As compared with the control, the worm reduction rate after challenge infection was significantly higher (P<0.001) in ES Ag immunized group(35.6%) and metacercaria infection group(97.5%) and less in crude AW Ag group(23.4%). The PZQ efficacy was significantly enhanced in ES Ag immunized group. [Conclusion] The efficacy of PZQ against C.sinensis could be synergically enhanced in rats by inducing host acquired immunity. \;


CHANGES IN T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH FILARIAL CHYLURIA

GUXiang-tian;GAOZhi-gang;SHENBao-rong;HUGui-zhi;TANGXing-lan;MAQin

2000, 18(2):  11-106. 

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　Objective] To study the changes in T-lymphocyte subsets CD4+:CD8+ of peripheral blood in 29 patients with present chyluria(PPC), 29 patients with chyluria history but without chyluria (PNPC) and 38 healthy controls. [Methods] The determination of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ was conducted using test reagents kits. [Results] The percentage of CD3+, CD4+ cell were signfcantly decreased in PPS group than in PNPC and healthy control group,the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ being under 1.0.The T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of both PNPC and healthy control group were all within normal range. [Conclusion] The immune function of the patients with filarial chyluria was impaired in terms of the changes in T-lymphocyte subsets.


实验报道

ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING ANALYSIS OF ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS PROTOSCOLEX ANTIGENS

LIShu-ping;CHENYa-tang;JIANGCi-peng;QIUJia-min;YUDeng-gao

2000, 18(2):  12-108. 

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　[Objective] To understand the components of the crude antigens of Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces. [Methods] Isoelectric focusing was carried out to fractionate the protein components of E.multilocularis protoscoleces. The individual fractions were collected and subjected to SDS-PAGE, the gels were analyzed by a gel analysis system. [Results] The pI values of individual fractions varied from 4.0 to 8.5, while the molecule weights of main protein bands were 72/73、62/63、42/44、35/36、34 and 21/22 kDa. [Conclusion] An alternative separation method of crude antigens of Echinococcus multilocularis was established. \;


EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION ON ANAPHYLAXIS INDUCED BY ECHINOCOCCUS INFECTION IN MERIONES UNGUICULATUS

ZHENGHong;WENHao;XUZhi-xin;ZHANGZhao-xia;YINJi-feng

2000, 18(2):  13-112. 

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　Objective] To observe the anaphylaxis induced by Echinococcus granulosus or E.multilocularis (E.g. and E.m.) infection in Meriones unguiculatus. [Methods] 56 and 48 gerbils were intraperitoneally inoculated with E.g. protoscoleces and E.m. tissue homogenate. After three months, the anaphylactic responses initiated by intraperitoneal challenge injection with E.g. cystic fluids or partially purified antigen or E.m. metacestode homogenate antigen were observed. IgE antibody and direct eosinophilic leukocyte count (DELC) were detected at pre-postchallenge. [Results] The infection rates for E.g and E.m.in 56 and 48 gerbils were 89.3% and 97.9%, respectively. Among these groups, the lowest rate of anaphylaxis was 62.5%, the highest was 100%. The lowest rate of anaphylactic shock was 12.5%, and the highest 16.7%. After the gerbis were infected with E.g. and E.m., both IgE antibody and DELC increased gradually. At 60 min post challenge, IgE antibody level were significantly decreased, while DELC showed a sharp increase. [Conclusion] Anaphylaxis could be induced in gerbils by Echinococcus infection followed by a challenge injection. Different antigens lead to different and degrees among the anaphylactic responses in the gerbils, however, there were no significant differences between E.g. and E.m. infections in gerbils.


防治经验

THE EFFECT OF ARTESUNATE IN PREVENTING THE POPULATIONS FROM SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM INFECTION DURING FLOOD-CONTROL

HUShui-yin;LIUJun;WANGBin;HUZhen-ding;XIAOChang-jin

2000, 18(2):  14-114. 

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　Objective] To evaluate the prophylactic effect of artesunate in high-risk populations who had contacted the infested water.[Methods] From the 7th day post-exposure to infested water, a total of 17 031 people who had contacted the infested water for more than 20 days had been treated with artesunate at a dose of 300 mg once a week for three successive weeks. On day 17 after the last medication, they were examined for schistosomiasis and followed-up 60 days later. [Results] No acute schistosomiasis case was found. ELISA-positive was found in 204(1.20%) and COPT>3% was found in 195 cases (1.14%). The side-effects were slight. [Conclusion] Artesunate is highly effective and safe for the prevention of schistosomiasis.\;