A survey on Echinococcus infections in animals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To make a systematic survey on Echinococcus infection among domesticated (shepherd) dogs, rodents and livestock in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Method According to the Xinjiang Protocol of Epidemiological Survey on Echinococcosis, 366 administrative villages were selected as the survey spots from 26 counties in districts with echinococcosis multilocularis prevalence, including Altay Mountain, Taer Basin, Yili River Valley, the Northern Tianshan Mountains and the Central Tianshan Mountains, from August 2012 to September 2013. Dog feces were collected for examination of echinococcus antigen with ELISA. Hydatid cyst was examined through touching and visual observation of rodents and livestock at the slaughterhouses including sheep, horses, yaks, cattle and goats. The positive rate of echinococcus antigen in feces and the infection rate of hydatid cysts were analyzed with the chi-square test. Results Of the 8 493 totally collected fecal samples, ELISA showed a positive rate of 2.63% (223/8 493) for echinococcus antigen, and the Taer Basin (4.69%, 74/1 600) had the highest positive rate, followed by Ili River Valley (2.52%, 66/2 615), Altay Mountain (2.14%, 50/2 341), the Central Tianshan Mountains (2.08%, 27/1 298) and the Northern Tianshan Mountains (0.94%, 6/639) (χ² = 13.65-18.01, P < 0.05). In addition, the detection rate of hydatid cysts was 6.18% (1 616/26 170). All species except yak and horses had different degrees of infection. The detection rate was higher in sheep (6.47%, 1 550/23 943) than in cattle (3.18%, 30/943) and goats (2.89%, 36/1 247) (χ² = 25.85-16.54, P < 0.05). The livestock infection rate was highest in the Central Tianshan Mountains (18.04%, 545/3 021), followed by the Ili River Valley (6.44%, 305/7 312), Northern Tianshan Mountains (4.17%, 65/2 010), Taer Basin (3.59%, 239/6 652) and Altay Mountain (3.23%, 462/7 175) (χ² = 321.46-248.35, P < 0.05). The ratio of hydatid cysts found in the liver, lung, lung + liver, and other organs was 116 ∶ 12 ∶ 5 ∶ 1. Regarding the rodent infection, 25 400 of 46 species underwent necropsy, and 374 of 20 species had a positive result (1.47%, 374/25 400). Hydatid infection was found in all the survey spots except for the Northern Tianshan Mountains, with a highest infection rate in the Ili River Valley (3.94%, 322/8 120) followed by the Central Tianshan Mountains (0.55%, 18/3 260), the Taer Basin (0.55%, 28/5 076) and the Altay Mountain (0.09%, 6/6 942) (χ² = 93.50-264.36, P < 0.05). Conclusions The positive rate of fecal antigen in dogs is 2.63%. The hydatid cysts are found in 6.18% of livestock and 1.47% of wild rodents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomouse Region.

Key words: Echinococcus, Rodent, Dog, Livestock, Survey, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

CLC Number:

R532.32

WUMAIER Maimaitijiang, OSMAN Yisilayin, SIMAYI Adili, Yan-yan HOU, Ning XIAO. A survey on Echinococcus infections in animals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2017, 35(2): 145-149.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

References 28

[1]	陈佩惠. 人体寄生虫学[M]. 4 版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 1995: 101-102.
[2]	Kern P, Bardonnet K, Renner E, et al. European echinococcosis registry: human alveolar echinococcosis, Europe, 1982-2000[J]. Emerg Infet Dis, 2003, 9(3): 343-349.
[3]	伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 童苏祥, 孟贺巴特, 等. 2003年新疆棘球蚴病流行病学调查报告[J]. 地方病通报, 2009, 24(1): 66-67.
[4]	祖力胡马力·尼拉木丁, 努斯来提, 马力克. 新疆家犬细粒棘球绦虫感染调查[J]. 中国兽医杂志, 2012, 48(3): 49.
[5]	史大中, 李文科, 包根书. 甘肃泡型棘球蚴病流行与人行为危险因素[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2003, 19(8): 973-974.
[6]	喻文杰, 黄亮, 黄燕, 等. 四川省西部藏族地区棘球蚴病流行区犬只感染棘球绦虫季节性规律研究[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2013, 29(3): 309-311.
[7]	林宇光, 洪凌仙, 杨文川, 等. 新疆塔城地区多房棘球蚴的鼠类宿主考察[J]. 地方病通报, 1993, 8(2): 29-33.
[8]	王伟,吴勇,吴季高,等. 新疆塔城地区多房棘球绦虫调查——国内狼体多房棘球绦虫新记录[J]. 地方病通报, 1989, 4(2): 8-11.
[9]	张岐蜀, 姜国华, 胡小元, 等. 棘球蚴病免疫诊断技术研究进展[J]. 中国兽药杂志, 2007, 41(6): 26-28.
[10]	黄燕, David HD, Chrstine AJ, 等. 犬粪便棘球绦虫抗原的双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测法建立与应用[J]. 预防医学情报杂志, 2008, 24(6): 407-411.
[11]	焦伟, 柴君杰, 伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 等. 现场应用粪抗原检测法诊断犬细粒棘球绦虫感染的效果评价[J]. 中国寄生虫病防治杂志, 2003, 16(3): 170-171.
[12]	瞿群, 焦伟, 伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 等. 棘球蚴病流行地区家犬中细粒棘球绦虫感染的监测研究[J]. 地方病通报, 2003, 18(3): 封三.
[13]	柴君杰, 叶尔江, 常青, 等. 新疆棘球蚴病流行病学基线调查Ⅱ.家犬和绵羊中细粒棘球绦虫感染[J]. 地方病通报, 1989, 4(4): 9-14.
[14]	陈晓英, 伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 王冬梅. 阿克陶县棘球蚴病流行病学调查[J]. 国际医学寄生虫病杂志, 2015, 42(6): 341-345.
[15]	王思博, 杨赣源. 新疆啮齿动物志[M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆人民出版社, 1983.
[16]	马勇. 新疆北部地区啮齿动物的分类和分布[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1987.
[17]	韩菲, 王炳全, 王立杰, 等. 新疆生产建设兵团家犬和家畜细粒棘球绦虫感染情况调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2014, 32(3): 245-246.
[18]	Leiby PD, Kritsky DC.Echinococcus multilocularis: a possible domestic life cycle in central North America and its public health implications[J]. J Parasitol, 1972, 58(6): 1213-1215.
[19]	蒋卫, 郑强, 伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 等. 新疆尼勒克县首次发现伊犁田鼠感染多房棘球蚴[J]. 地方病通报, 2000, 15(1): 36-37.
[20]	傅承, 伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 焦伟, 等. 新疆额敏县首次发现水䶄感染多房棘球蚴[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2001, 16(4): 39-40.
[21]	Rausch, RL.On the ecology and distribution of Echinococcus spp. (Cestoda ∶ Taeniidae). and characteristics of their development in the intermediate host[J]. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp, 1967, 42(1): 19-63.
[22]	伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 焦伟, 廖力夫, 等. 灰仓鼠和草原兔尾鼠感染细粒棘球蚴和多房棘球蚴的实验研究[J]. 地方病通报, 2000, 15(3): 71-74.
[23]	伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 焦伟, 廖力夫, 等. 灰仓鼠和子午砂土鼠实验感染多房棘球蚴的比较观察[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 1998, 16(2): 130-132.
[24]	伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 焦伟, 廖力夫, 等. 绵羊源细粒棘球蚴原头节感染子午砂土鼠和小鼠的比较观察[J]. 地方病通报, 1998, 13(2): 22-23.
[25]	伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 焦伟, 张文林, 等. 新疆南、北疆绵羊源细粒棘球蚴原头节感染不同品系小鼠后发育情况的比较[J]. 地方病通报, 1997, 12(2): 13-17.
[26]	伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 亚德卡·吐尔逊, 焦伟, 等. 新疆阿尔泰山和西部天山牛源细粒棘球蚴原头节感染不同品系小鼠后发育情况的比较[J]. 地方病通报, 2001, 16(2): 21-23.
[27]	柴君杰, 焦伟, 张文林, 等. 新疆不同地区牛、羊细粒棘球蚴感染特征的比较观察[J]. 地方病通报, 1992, 7(增刊): 1-6.
[28]	伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 侯岩岩, 赵江山, 等. 2005-2013年新疆棘球蚴病手术病例回顾分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2014, 32(5): 334-338.

地理位置 Goeographical location	地区/州 Prefecture/ Autonomous prefecture	县（市）County（City）
塔额盆地 Taer Basin	塔城地区 Tacheng Prefecture	额敏县Emin County、和布克赛尔蒙古族自治县Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County、塔城市Tacheng City、裕民县 Yumin County
伊犁河谷 Ili River Valley	伊犁哈萨克自治州 Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture	察布查尔锡伯自治县Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County、巩留县Gongliu County、霍城县Huocheng County、尼勒克县Nilka County、特克斯县Tekes County、新源县Xinyuan County、伊宁县Yining County、昭苏县Zhaosu County
阿勒泰山 Altay Mountains	阿勒泰地区 Altay Prefecture	阿勒泰市Aletai City、布尔津县Buerjin County、福海县Fuhai County、富蕴县Fuyun County、哈巴河县Habahe County、吉木乃县Jimunai County、清河县Qinghe County、托里县Tori County
中部天山 Middle Tianshan	巴音郭楞蒙古族自治州 Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture	博湖县Bohu County、和静县Hejing County、和硕县Heshuo County、焉耆县Yanqi County
北部天山 Northern Tianshan	塔城地区 Tacheng Prefecture	乌苏市Wusu City、沙湾Shawan County

携带不同棘球蚴囊数量的家畜数 No. livestock with different number of hydatid cysts
寄生部位 Organ	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	15	21	25	合计Total	构成比/% Constituent ratio/%
肝Liver	644	434	163	80	53	10	2	2	2	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	1 393	86.20
肺Lung	77	36	26	5	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	148	9.16
肝 + 肺	1	5	5	11	29	2	2	1	3	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	63	3.90
Liver + lung
其他脏器	7	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	12	0.74
Other organs
合计Total	729	477	196	96	83	13	5	4	5	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	1 616	100

物种Species	检查数No. examined	患病检出数No. positives	患病检出率/%Mobidity rate/%
草原鼹形田鼠Ellobius	5	2	2/5
跳鼠Dipodidae	21	3	14.29
灰仓鼠Cricetulus migratorius	5 010	193	3.85
小林娠鼠Apodemus sylvaticcus	274	8	2.92
黑田鼠Micotus agreastis	1 118	17	1.52
旱獭Marmota	68	1	1.47
褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus	1 388	12	0.86
小家鼠Mus musculus	3 234	25	0.77
长尾黄鼠Spermophilus undulatus	308	2	0.65
赤颊黄鼠Citellus erythrogenys	14 57	9	0.62
普通田鼠Mirotus arvalis	438	1	0.23
草原兔尾鼠Lagurus lagurus	1 719	12	0.70
黄兔尾鼠Lagurus luteus	1 464	1	0.07
未分种田鼠Microtus spp.	8 001	29	0.36
未鉴定Unindentified	2 920	36	1.23
合计	25 400	374	1.47