Investigation of fecal parasite pathogens in domestic dogs based on high-throughput sequencing

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.03.010

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the parasitic infection in domestic dogs in Da Hinggan Ling area, and provide reference for the prevention and control of local zoonotic parasitic diseases. Methods In September 2020, fresh domestic dog feces were collected from dog owner’s household yard of 6 natural villages including Jiabei Village, Baihua Village, Dongshan Village, Tuqiang Town, Xingfu Village and Guyuan Town in the Da Hinggan Ling area, and total DNA was extracted from the fecal samples. PCR amplification was conducted using 13 pairs of parasite universal primers targeting 8 taxonomy groups including Apicomplexa, Amoeba, Diplomonadida, Kinetoplastida, Parabasalia, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes and Microsporidia, and the target gene fragments were obtained after high-throughput sequencing of the amplified products. The product sequences were compared and analyzed in the NCBI database to identify the parasite species, and the detection rate of parasites in domestic dog feces was calculated. Results Parasite DNA were detected in 37 of 202 domestic dog feces, and the total detection rate was 18.31%. A total of 19 species of parasites which belongs to 15 families from 7 phyla were detected, and the detection rate of different species were significantly different (χ² = 69.488, P < 0.05). Thirteen protozoa species and 6 helminth species were detected. The detection rate of Parabodo caudatus in the family Parabodonidae was the highest at 6.44% (13/202). Among the 37 samples in which parasite DNA was detected, the mixed positive ratio was 32.43% (12/37), of which 72.97% (27/37) detected 1 type of parasite, and 2 types, 3 kinds and 4 kinds accounted for 27.03% (10/37), 0.27% (1/37) and 0.27% (1/37) respectively. Jiabei Village had the highest detection rate of parasite DNA in domestic dog feces, which was 37.70% (23/61), followed by Tuqiang Town, with a detection rate of 36.36% (20/55), and Baihua Village, which was not detected (0/13). There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of different sampling sites (χ² = 19.717, P < 0.05). Conclusion In Da Hinggan Ling area, domestic dogs were found infected with multiple parasites, showing considerably higher positive rate detected in some parts of the area, thus, there exists risk of infection caninee-source parasites to local residents.

Key words: Parasites, Domestic dogs, High-throughput sequencing, Zoonotic parasitic disease

CLC Number:

XIE Yi, WANG Ying, WANG Xu, SHI Dandan, FU Meihua, LI Chunyang, WU Weiping, DAN Bazeli, LIAO Sa, ZHANG Kaige, DENG Xueying, GUAN Yayi. Investigation of fecal parasite pathogens in domestic dogs based on high-throughput sequencing[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(3): 325-330.

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1

Table 2

The DNA test results of Parasitic infection of 202 domestic dogs in Da Hinggan Ling area

寄生虫 Parasite	门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	虫种 Species	阳性份数 No. positive	阳性检出率/% Positive rate/%	95%置信区间 95% CI
原虫 Protozoa	原生动物门 Fornicata	动鞭毛亚纲 Zoomastigina	双滴虫目 Diplomonadida	六鞭毛刚科 Hexamitidae	蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫 Giardia lamblia	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
	毛滴虫门 Parabasalia	—	毛滴虫目 Trichomonadida	毛滴虫科 Trichomonadidae	人五毛滴虫 Pentatrichomonas hominis	8	3.96^b	1.85~7.93
					鸽源禽毛滴虫 Tetratrichomonas gallinarum	4	1.98^a	0.64~5.32
	眼虫门 Euglenozoa	动质体纲 Kinetoplastida	Parabodonida	—	Parabodo caudatus	13	6.44^b	3.62~11.00
			Neobodonida	—	博多弯毛虫 Neobodo curvifilus	2	1.00^a	0.17~3.91
				Rhynchomonadidae	桑顿锥虫	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
				Dimastigella trypaniformis
	顶复门 Apicomplexa	Aconoidasida	梨形虫目 Piroplasmida	巴贝虫科 Babesiidae	驽巴贝虫 Babesia caballi	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
		Conoidasida	Eucoccidiorida	Sarcocystidae	犬等孢子虫 Cystoisospora canis	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
	丝足虫门 Cercozoa	—	Cercomonadida	Heteromitidae	球形丝足虫 Heteromita globosa	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
				Cercomonadidae	海绵体单胞丝足虫 Cavernomonas mira	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
					丝足虫 Cavernomonas stercoris	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
	纤毛门 Ciliophora	Spirotrichea	Sporadotrichida	Gonostomatidae	纤毛虫1 Metagonostomum gonostomoida	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
		Colpodea	Cyrtolophosidida	Platyophryidae	纤毛虫2 Platyophrya spumacola	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
蠕虫 Worms	线虫门 Nematode	线虫纲 Chromadorea	杆形目 Strongylida	钩口科 Ancylostomatidae	狭首钩刺线虫 Uncinaria stenocephala	7	3.47^b	1.53~7.31
				毛圆科 Molineidae	摩利诺斯线虫 Molineus patens	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
				Chabertiidae	食道口线虫 Oesophagostomum muntiacum	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
			小杆（线虫）目 Rhabditida	弓首科 Toxocaridae	犬弓首蛔虫 Toxocara canis	4	1.98^a	0.64~5.32
				小杆（线虫）总科 Rhabditidae	纳氏隐杆线虫 Rhabditoides inermiformis	3	1.49^a	0.39~4.64
				Thelaziidae	螺旋体线虫 Spirocerca vulpis	1	0.50^a	0.03~3.16
合计 Total						37^c	18.32

Table 2

Fig. 1

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物种 Species	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 (5'→3') Primer sequence (5'→3')	产物长度/bp Product length/bp	退火温度/℃ Annealing temperature/℃
阿米巴属 Amoeba	AmoF AmoR	GAATTGACGGAAGGGCACAC GCCCYRTCTAAGGGCATCAC	333~420	57.8
顶复门A Apicomplexa A	ApiAF ApiAR	GACCTATCAGCTTTCGACGG CCCTCCAATTGWTACTCTGGR	244~248	55.0
顶复门B Apicomplexa B	ApiBF ApiBR	TGYGTTTGAATACTAYAGCATGG TCTGATCGTCTTCACTCCCTT	228~244	53.7
顶复门C Apicomplexa C	ApiCF ApiCR	TTGGMCTACCGTGGCARTGA TCAAGGCAAHWGCCTGCTT	420~470	57.5
芽囊原虫属 Blastocystis	BlaF BlaR	TGGTCGCAAGGCTGAAACTT TTGCCTCCAGCTTCCCTACA	303~307	58.1
双滴虫目 Diplomonadida	DipF DipR	RGGGACRGGTGAAATAGGATG CAAATTGAGCCGCAGACTCC	277~285	56.5
动质体门 Kinetoplastida	KinF KinR	AAATTAAACCGCACGCTCCA GCAAACGATGACACCCATGA	250~300	55.4
小孢子虫门 Microsporidia	MicF MicR	BCAGGTTGATTCTGCCTGACR ACCAGWCTTGCCCTCCARTT	370~440	57.9
副基体纲 Parabasalia	ParF ParR	TAGGCTATCACGGGTAACGG GCGTCCTGATTTGTTCACAG	326~364	55.3
扁形动物门 Platyhelminthes	PlaF PlaR	CAATTGGAGGGCAAGTCTGG TGCTTTCGCWKTAGTTTGTCTG	350~550	55.4
线性动物门A Nematode A	NemAF NemAR	CACCCGTGAGGATTGACAG CGATCACGGAGGATTTTCAA	320~335	54.1
线性动物门B Nematode B	NemBF NemBR	CGTCATTGCTGCGGTTAAAA CCGTCCTTCGAACCTCTGAC	380~410	56.0
线性动物门C Nematode C	NemCF NemCR	AGTGGAGCATGCGGCTTAAT TGCAATTCCCTRTCCCAGTC	380~440	56.6