Exploration and effectiveness evaluation of deworming methods for stray dogs and wild canine in alveolar echinococcosis endemic areas in Ningxia

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.01.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To explore the method, frequency and dose of deworming in stray dogs and wild canine, evaluate the deworming effect, and provide reference for controlling hydatid infection in stray dogs and wild canine. Methods Four villages were randomly selected in each of the 3 alveolar echinococcosis endemic areas in Ningxia (Xiji, Yuanzhou and Haiyuan) as deworming sites for stray dogs, and 2 sites were selected in each of the natural forest farms in the 3 counties (districts) as deworming sites for wild canine. The praziquantel was administered from April to June and September in 2023 (chewable tablets, 0.1 g/tablet). The linear method and circular method were used in both stray dog deworming sites and wild canine deworming sites, and each administration method was performed with dosages of 1-tablet and 2-tablet. Three days after administration, the drug swallow rate at each deworming site was calculated. Fresh fecal samples were collected from canine, and Echinococcus coproantigen was detected by ELISA to calculate the positive rate. The cloth clip method was used to capture The small rodents at wild canine deworming sites were captured using trap layout method and identified. The suspected echinococcosis lesions of small rodents were paraffin sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The protoscoleces were observed under the microscope to calculate the rodent prevalence rate. The database was established using Epi info 3.5.3 software and SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Rates were compared by ANOVA, chi-square test or U test. Results The drug swallow rate at the stray dog deworming sites using the circular method was 70.98% (269/379), which was higher than that of 45.38% (172/379) using the linear method (F = 13.577, P < 0.05); there were no statistically significant differences in the swallow rates between the linear method and the circular method for different dosages (F = 0.731, 1.124, both P > 0.05). The drug swallow rate at the wild canine deworming sites using the linear method was 72.94% (124/170), which was higher than that of 49.12% (84/171) using the circular method (F = 4.950, P < 0.05); there were no statistically significant differences in the swallow rates between the linear method and the circular method for different dosages (F = 0.200, 0.341, both P > 0.05). The coproantigen positivity rate of stray dog deworming sites using the circular method was 2.84% (14/493), which was lower than that of 5.66% (28/495) using the linear method (χ² = 4.423, P < 0.05); and the coproantigen positivity rate of wild canine deworming sites using the linear method was 2.85% (7/246), which was lower than that of 6.94% (17/245) using the circular method (χ² = 4.013, P < 0.05). A total of 562 small rodents of 9 species were captured, with a prevalence rate of 0.89% (5/562). All 5 diseased rodents were Spermophilcus alashanicus, with the prevalence rate of 1.58% (5/317). The prevalence rates of small rodents at the deworming sites of the linear method and the circular method were 1.18% (2/169) and 2.03% (3/148), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ² = 0.350, P > 0.05). Conclusion The linear method is suitable for administering drugs to wild canine along highways, streams and other environments. The circular method is suitable for administering drugs to stray dogs in living environments. Continuous administration for more than 3 months can effectively control hydatid infection in canine hosts.

Key words: Echinococcosis, Stray dogs, Wild canine, Deworming methods, Ningxia

CLC Number:

R532.32

WU Xianglin, LIU Xuan, MA Guoliang, DUAN Hongju, MA Tianbao, TIAN Huifang, WANG Zhiping, QI Rongting, YAN Fang. Exploration and effectiveness evaluation of deworming methods for stray dogs and wild canine in alveolar echinococcosis endemic areas in Ningxia[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2025, 43(1): 30-36.

Figures/Tables 4

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Fig. 1

References 16

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驱虫点类型 Typology of deworming site	时间 Time	直线法吞服率/% Swallow rate of linear method/%			环形法吞服率/% Swallow rate of circular method/%
驱虫点类型 Typology of deworming site	时间 Time	1片 1-tablet	2片 2-tablet	合计 Total	1片 1-tablet	2片 2-tablet	合计 Total
流浪犬驱虫点 Stray dog deworming site	4月 April	54.55（18/33）	48.39（30/62）	50.53（48/95）	84.38（27/32）	72.73（48/66）	76.53（75/98）
	5月 May	51.61（16/31）	45.16（28/62）	47.31（44/93）	83.33（25/30）	70.00（42/60）	74.44（67/90）
	6月 June	50.00（16/32）	39.06（25/64）	42.71（41/96）	80.65（25/31）	66.13（41/62）	70.97（66/93）
	9月 September	45.45（15/33）	38.71（24/62）	41.05（39/95）	70.59（24/34）	57.81（37/64）	62.24（61/98）
	合计 Total	50.39（65/129）	42.80（107/250）	45.38（172/379）	79.53（101/127）	66.67（168/252）	70.98（269/379）
野外犬科动物驱虫点 Wild canine deworming site	4月 April	81.82（18/22）	75.00（15/20）	78.57（33/42）	59.09（13/22）	50.00（10/20）	54.76（23/42）
	5月 May	80.00（16/20）	72.73（16/22）	76.19（32/42）	60.00（12/20）	45.45（10/22）	52.38（22/42）
	6月 June	77.27（17/22）	70.00（14/20）	73.81（31/42）	45.45（10/22）	45.00（9/20）	45.24（19/42）
	9月 September	68.18（15/22）	59.09（13/22）	63.64（28/44）	47.83（11/23）	40.91（9/22）	44.44（20/45）
	合计 Total	76.74（66/86）	69.05（58/84）	72.94（124/170）	52.87（46/87）	45.24（38/84）	49.12（84/171）

驱虫点类型 Typology of deworming site	时间 Time	直线法 Linear method			环形法 Circular method
驱虫点类型 Typology of deworming site	时间 Time	粪样数/份 No. fecal sample	阳性粪样数/份 No. positive fecal sample	阳性率/% Positive rate/%	粪样数/份 No. fecal sample	阳性数/份 No. positive fecal sample	阳性率/% Positive rate/%
流浪犬驱虫点 Stray dog deworming site	4月 April	124	9	7.26	122	8	6.56
	5月 May	123	7	5.69	126	4	3.17
	6月 June	122	6	4.92	124	2	1.61
	9月 September	126	6	4.76	121	0	0
	合计 Total	495	28	5.66	493	14	2.84
野外犬科动物驱虫点 Wild canine deworming site	4月 April	62	4	6.45	60	5	8.33
	5月 May	60	2	3.33	61	5	8.2
	6月 June	63	1	1.59	63	4	6.35
	9月 September	61	0	0	61	3	4.92
	合计 Total	246	7	2.85	245	17	6.94

投药方法 Administration method	时间 Time	布夹数/盘 No. fabric clips/discs	捕获数/只 No. captured	患病数/只 No. diseased	患病率/% Prevalence/%	阿拉善黄鼠 S. alashanicus
投药方法 Administration method	时间 Time	布夹数/盘 No. fabric clips/discs	捕获数/只 No. captured	患病数/只 No. diseased	患病率/% Prevalence/%	捕获数/只 No. captured	患病数/只 No. diseased	患病率/% Prevalence/%
直线法 Linear method	4月 April	1 216	60	0	0	39	0	0
直线法 Linear method	5月 May	1 209	68	1	1.47	42	1	2.38
	6月 June	1 214	72	0	0	45	0	0
	9月 September	1 203	86	1	1.16	43	1	2.33
	小计 Subtotal	4 842	286	2	0.70	169	2	1.18
环形法 Circular method	4月 April	1 207	56	0	0	28	0	0
环形法 Circular method	5月 May	1 204	62	1	1.61	33	1	3.03
	6月 June	1 211	77	1	1.30	47	1	2.13
	9月 September	1 231	81	1	1.23	40	1	2.50
	小计 Subtotal	4 853	276	3	1.09	148	3	2.03
合计 Total		9 695	562	5	0.89	317	5	1.58