寄生蠕虫外泌体及其功能的研究进展

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.03.017

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 390-395.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.03.017

寄生蠕虫外泌体及其功能的研究进展

潘筱雯(), 吴银娟, 何晴, 殷颖璇, 李学荣()

中山大学中山医学院寄生虫学教研室,中山大学教育部热带病防治研究重点实验室,广东省媒介生物防控工程技术研究中心,国家原子能机构核技术（昆虫不育）研发中心,广州 510080

收稿日期:2021-09-26 修回日期:2021-11-15 出版日期:2022-06-30 发布日期:2022-07-06
通讯作者: 李学荣
作者简介:潘筱雯（1998-）,女,硕士研究生,从事病原生物感染与免疫的研究。E-mail： panxw7@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发项目(2021YFC2300800);国家重点研发项目(2021YFC2300801);国家重点研发项目(2020YFC1200100);广东省自然科学基金(2022A1515012560);广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515010583)

Research advances on exosome and its functions to parasitic helminths

PAN Xiao-wen(), WU Yin-juan, HE Qing, YIN Ying-xuan, LI Xue-rong()

Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control; China Atomic Energy Authority Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Guangzhou 510080, China

Received:2021-09-26 Revised:2021-11-15 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-07-06
Contact: LI Xue-rong
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300800);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300801);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC1200100);Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2022A1515012560);Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2019A1515010583)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外泌体是一类由多种活细胞分泌的双层囊泡状小体,含有多种重要生物活性物质,如蛋白质、脂质和核酸等,参与介导细胞间的信息交流、免疫调节等重要生理过程。寄生虫来源的外泌体在寄生虫-宿主的相互作用中发挥重要作用,可通过各种机制调节宿主的免疫应答,实现对宿主细胞功能的调控,是寄生虫与寄生虫、寄生虫与宿主相互作用的重要媒介。本文就近年来外泌体在吸虫、绦虫和线虫等寄生蠕虫中感染致病、免疫调控和免疫逃避等方面的研究作一综述,为研究寄生蠕虫外泌体及其功能提供参考。

关键词: 蠕虫, 外泌体, 寄生虫-宿主相互作用, 免疫调节

Abstract:

Exosomes are bilayer vesicular bodies secreted by a variety of variable cells, containing many important bioactive substances, including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which are involved in important physiological processes such as cell-to-cell communication and immune regulation. Exosomes from parasites play a critical role in parasite-host interaction, which can regulate the host immune response through various mechanisms and manipulate host cell function. It is an important medium for the interaction between parasite and parasite, as well as between parasite and host. This review has summarized the recent advances on the pathogenicity, immune regulation and immune evasion of exosomes in trematodes, nematodes and cestodes to help the study of exosomes in parasitic helminths.

Key words: Helminth, Exosome, Parasite-host interaction, Immune regulation

中图分类号:

R383

潘筱雯, 吴银娟, 何晴, 殷颖璇, 李学荣. 寄生蠕虫外泌体及其功能的研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2022, 40(3): 390-395.

PAN Xiao-wen, WU Yin-juan, HE Qing, YIN Ying-xuan, LI Xue-rong. Research advances on exosome and its functions to parasitic helminths[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2022, 40(3): 390-395.

图/表 1

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	外泌体	微囊泡	凋亡小体
大小/nm	30~150	100~1 000	500~5 000
形态	杯状	形态多样	形态多样
主要成分	蛋白质、脂质、mRNA、miRNA、非编码RNA	蛋白质、脂质、mRNA、miRNA、非编码RNA	蛋白质、细胞器、核酸片段
蛋白标志物	ESCRT、TSG101、CD81、CD63	整合素、选择素、CD40	Caspase3、组蛋白
形成机制	核内体腔内出芽形成多泡体,与质膜融合以胞吐形式释放	细胞质膜向外脱落或出芽形成	细胞程序性死亡或凋亡过程中细胞质膜向外起泡

寄生蠕虫外泌体及其功能的研究进展

Research advances on exosome and its functions to parasitic helminths

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