恶性疟原虫RIFIN蛋白的结构和功能研究进展

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2021.02.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

恶性疟原虫感染易引起重症疟疾甚至导致死亡,在其致病机制中,变异表面抗原家族的重复散布蛋白家族（RIFIN）起了重要作用,它们能介导微静脉血管系统中感染红细胞的黏附和玫瑰花环形成,从而阻断血流,堵塞血管导致重症疟疾。RIFIN在感染红细胞的表面表达,是重要的免疫靶点之一,但由于重复散布的基因家族rif的多基因性和基因多态性,RIFIN能够逃避免疫系统的攻击。同时,RIFIN与免疫细胞表面抑制性受体白细胞免疫球蛋白样受体B1（LILRB1）、白细胞相关免疫球蛋白样受体 1（LAIR1）等的结合能下调免疫反应而达到免疫逃避的目的。近年来,随着对恶性疟分子机制研究的日趋深入,研发能够诱导产生有效保护性免疫的疫苗成为预防疟疾、实现疟疾消除计划的关键。本文描述了恶性疟原虫RIFIN的结构,并强调了它们在重症疟疾中的作用以及相关的免疫和疫苗研究进展。

关键词: 恶性疟原虫, RIFIN, 黏附, 玫瑰花环, 免疫逃避

Abstract:

Plasmodium falciparum infection can result in severe malaria and even death. The P. falciparum-encoded repetitive interspersed families of polypeptides (RIFINs), one of the variant surface antigen families, can mediate the adhesion of infected erythrocytes and the formation of rosettes in the venous vascular system, thereby blocking blood flow and leading to severe malaria. RIFINs are expressed on the surface of infected red blood cells and are considered as an important immune target. However, due to the polygenicity and the gene polymorphism of the rif gene family, RIFINs can escape from the attack of immune system. Meanwhile, the binding of RIFINs to immune cell-surface inhibitory receptors such as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1) can down-regulate the immune response and achieve the immune escape. With recent research on the molecular mechanisms of falciparum malaria, the development of effective vaccines has become the key to preventing malaria and achieving malaria elimination. In this review, we introduce the structure of P. falciparum RIFINs, and highlight their roles in severe malaria and research progress in fields related to immune and vaccine development.

Key words: Plasmodium falciparum, RIFIN, Adhesion, Rosette, Immune escape

中图分类号:

R382.31

史善美, 陈军虎. 恶性疟原虫RIFIN蛋白的结构和功能研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(2): 249-255.

SHI Shan-mei, CHEN Jun-hu. Research progress on the structure and function of RIFIN protein of Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2021, 39(2): 249-255.

图/表 3

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