中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 593-600.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.05.011

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

河南省自赤道几内亚输入的恶性疟原虫抗药性基因多态性分析

周瑞敏(), 纪鹏慧, 李素华, 杨成运, 刘颖, 钱丹, 邓艳, 鲁德领, 赵玉玲, 赵东阳, 张红卫*()   

  1. 河南省疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,河南省病原微生物重点实验室,河南省寄生虫病与媒介医学重点实验室,郑州 450016
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-21 修回日期:2023-07-31 出版日期:2023-10-30 发布日期:2023-11-06
  • 通讯作者: *张红卫(1969-),男,博士,主任医师,主要从事寄生虫病防治和研究工作。E-mail:zhwei69@163.com
  • 作者简介:周瑞敏(1983-),女,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事寄生虫病防治和研究工作。E-mail:zrm920@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20220157);Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Plan Joint Construction Project(LHGJ20220157);河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20210134);Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Plan Joint Construction Project(LHGJ20210134)

Polymorphism analysis of drug resistance genes in imported Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Equatorial Guinea in Henan Province

ZHOU Ruimin(), JI Penghui, LI Suhua, YANG Chengyun, LIU Ying, QIAN Dan, DENG Yan, LU Deling, ZHAO Yuling, ZHAO Dongyang, ZHANG Hongwei*()   

  1. Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Zhengzhou 450016, China
  • Received:2023-05-21 Revised:2023-07-31 Online:2023-10-30 Published:2023-11-06
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhwei69@163.com

摘要:

目的 分析河南省自赤道几内亚输入性恶性疟原虫抗药性基因多态性,了解恶性疟原虫基因突变情况,评估其流行特征。 方法 收集河南省2012—2019年自赤道几内亚输入性恶性疟病例信息和外周血样,提取血样中恶性疟原虫基因组DNA,巢式PCR扩增恶性疟原虫Kelch 13螺旋体(PfK13)基因、恶性疟原虫氯喹抗性转运蛋白(Pfcrt)基因、恶性疟原虫多药物抗性基因1(Pfmdr1)、恶性疟原虫二氢叶酸还原酶(Pfdhfr)基因和恶性疟原虫二氢蝶酸合酶(Pfdhps)基因,琼脂糖凝胶电泳后进行双向测序。获得的基因序列通过MEGA7软件与参考基因组进行比较获得突变位点信息,参考基因组来自GenBank的恶性疟原虫3D7野生虫株(GenBank登录号分别为PF3D7_1343700、PF3D7_0709000、PF3D7_0523000、PF3D7_0417200和PF3D7_1324800)。使用SPPS 21.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。 结果 2012—2019年,河南省共报告输入性疟疾病例1 522例,其中自赤道几内亚输入病例117例,包括恶性疟病例97例、卵形疟病例16例、间日疟和三日疟病例各1例、恶性疟原虫/三日疟原虫混合感染和恶性疟原虫/卵形疟原虫混合感染病例各1例。测序获得91份恶性疟原虫样品的PfK13基因序列,基因突变率为8.8%(8/91);突变样品中共检测出7个非同义突变位点和3个同义突变位点,其中非同义突变位点分别为M476I混合型(混)、A481V混、A564E混、P574L混、A578S、V589I和N609I混,同义突变位点分别为G625G、N664N和C469C。测序获得91份恶性疟原虫样品的Pfcrt基因序列,基因突变率为18.7%(17/91);检测出3种Pfcrt基因型,分别为野生型C72V73M74N75K76(81.3%,74/91)、突变型C72V73I74E75T76(12.1%,11/91)和混合型C72V73M/I74N/E75K/T76(6.6%,6/91)。测序获得92份恶性疟原虫样品的Pfmdr1基因序列,基因突变率为77.2%(71/92);检测出3个突变位点,分别为N86Y(41.3%,38/92)、Y184F(75.0%,69/92)和D1246Y(1.1%,1/92),其中N86Y突变率从2012年的68.8%(11/16)下降到2016年的11.1%(1/9)(χ2 = 11.58,P < 0.05);检测出5种Pfmdr1基因型,分别为野生型N86Y184D1246(22.8%,21/92),单基因突变型Y86Y184D1246(1.1%,1/92)、N86F184D1246(34.8%,32/92)、N86Y184Y1246(1.1%,1/92)和双重突变型Y86F184D1246(40.2%,37/92)。测序获得90份恶性疟原虫样品的Pfdhfr基因序列,基因突变率为96.7%(87/90);检测出3个突变位点,分别为N51I(91.1%,82/90)、C59R(93.3%,84/90)和S108N(96.7%,87/90);检测出5种Pfdhfr基因型,分别为野生型N51C59S108(3.3%,3/90),单基因突变型N51C59N108(2.2%,2/90),双重突变型I51C59N108(1.1%,2/90)、N51R59N108(3.3%,3/90)和三重突变型I51R59N108(90.0%,81/90)。测序获得90份恶性疟原虫样品的Pfdhps基因序列,基因突变率为97.8%(88/90);检测出6个突变位点,分别为I431V(8.9%,8/90)、S436A(27.8%,25/90)、A437G(92.2%,83/90)、K540E(3.3%,3/90)、A581G(1.1%,1/90)和A613S(2.2%,2/90);检测出8种Pfdhps基因型,分别为野生型I431S436A437K540A581A613(2.2%,2/90),单基因突变型I431A436A437K540A581A613(5.6%,5/90)、I431S436G437K540A581A613(66.7%,60/90),双重突变型I431A436G437K540A581A613(10.0%,9/90)、I431S436G437E540A581A613(3.3%,3/90),三重突变型V431A436G437K540A581A613(8.9%,8/90)、I431A436G437K540G581A613(1.1%,1/90)和I431A436G437K540A581S613(2.2%,2/90)。89份恶性疟原虫样品的PfdhfrPfdhps基因同时测序成功,其中84例(94.4%)同时发生双基因突变,四重突变体I51R59N108-G437占比最高(64.0%,57/89)。 结论 自赤道几内亚输入的恶性疟原虫样品中检出多个PfK13基因突变位点,其中M476I和P574L已被证实与青蒿素类药物抗性相关;随着氯喹的停用,与青蒿素配伍药物抗性相关的PfcrtPfmdr1基因突变率呈下降趋势;恶性疟原虫对磺胺多辛-乙胺嘧啶药物抗性水平多为“部分抗性”,未检出“超级抗性”样品。

关键词: 恶性疟原虫, 药物抗性, PfK13, Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, 赤道几内亚

Abstract:

Objectiv e To analyze the imported Equatorial Guinean Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance gene polymorphisms in Henan Province, and provide a reference for the treatment of imported P. falciparum infections. Methods The medical records and peripheral blood samples were collected from the imported P. falciparum malaria cases original from Equatorial Guinea in Henan Province from 2012 to 2019. The P. falciparum genomic DNA was extracted and the P. falciparum genes, including Kelch 13-propeller (PfK13), chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt), multidrug resistance 1 (Pfmdr1), dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (Pfdhps), were amplified by nested PCR. Bidirectional sequencing of the secondary PCR products was performed after agarose gel electrophoresis. The obtained sequences were aligned with the corresponding reference P. falciparum 3D7 strain genomes by MEGA7 software. The reference genomes were obtained from the GenBank (GenBank accession numbers: PF3D7_1343700, PF3D7_0709000, PF3D7_0523000, PF3D7_0417200 and PF3D7_1324800 respectively). The data were analyzed by SPPS 21.0 software. Results A total of 1 522 imported malaria cases were reported in Henan Province during 2012 to 2019, including 117 cases imported from Equatorial Guinea. Among the 117 cases, 97 cases were infected with P. falciparum, 16 cases were infected with P. ovale, 1 case was infected with P. vivax, 1 case was infected with P. malariae, 1 case was mixed infected with P. falciparum and P. malariae and 1 case was mixed infected with P. falciparum and P. ovale. The PfK13 gene was successfully amplified from 91 P. falciparum samples and the mutant prevalence was 8.8% (8/91). The non-synonymous mutation sites were M476I mixed type (mixed), A481V mixed, A564E mixed, P574L mixed, A578S, V589I and N609I mixed respectively. The synonymous mutation sites were G625G, N664N and C469C respectively. The Pfcrt gene was successfully amplified from 91 P. falciparum samples and the mutant prevalence was 18.7% (17/91). Three Pfcrt haplotypes were identified, including wild-type C72V73M74N75K76 (81.3%, 74/91), mutant C72V73I74E75T76 (12.1%, 11/91) and mixed-type C72V73M/I74N/E75K/T76 (6.6%, 6/91). The Pfmdr1 gene was successfully amplified from 92 P. falciparum samples and the mutant prevalence was 77.2% (71/92). Three mutant codons were detected, including N86Y (41.3%, 38/92), Y184F (75.0%, 69/92) and D1246Y (1.1%, 1/92). The mutant prevalence of N86Y decreased from 68.8% in 2012 to 11.1% in 2016 (χ2 = 11.58, P < 0.05). Five Pfmdr1 haplotypes were identified, including wild-type N86Y184D1246 (22.8%, 21/92), single mutants Y86Y184D1246 (1.1%, 1/92), N86F184D1246 (34.8%, 32/92), N86Y184Y1246 (1.1%, 1/92) and double mutant Y86F184D1246 (40.2%, 37/92). The Pfdhfr gene was successfully amplified from 90 P. falciparum samples and the mutant prevalence was 96.7% (87/90). Three mutant codons were detected, including N51I (91.1%, 82/90), C59R (93.3%, 84/90) and S108N (96.7%, 87/90). Five Pfdhfr haplotypes were identified, including wild-type N51C59S108 (3.3%, 3/90), single mutant N51C59N108 (2.2%, 2/90), double mutants I51C59N108 (1.1%, 2/90), N51R59N108 (3.3%, 3/90) and triple mutant I51R59N108 (90.0%, 81/90). The Pfdhps gene was successfully amplified from 90 P. falciparum samples and the mutant prevalence was 97.8% (88/90). Six mutant codons were detected, including I431V (8.9%, 8/90), S436A (27.8%, 25/90), A437G (92.2%, 83/90), K540E (3.3%, 3/90), A581G (1.1%, 1/90) and A613S (2.2%, 2/90). Eight Pfdhps haplotypes were identified, including wild-type I431S436A437K540A581A613 (2.2%, 2/90), single mutants I431A436A437K540A581A613 (5.6%, 5/90), I431S436G437K540A581A613 (66.7%, 60/90), double mutants I431A436G437K540A581A613 (10.0%, 9/90), I431S436G437E540A581A613 (3.3%, 3/90), triple mutants V431A436G437K540A581A613 (8.9%, 8/90), I431A436G437K540G581A613 (1.1%, 1/90) and I431A436G437K540A581S613 (2.2%, 2/90). The Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes were simultaneously successfully amplified from 89 P. falciparum samples and 84 (94.4%) samples had mutations in both genes. The most frequent mutation was the quadruple mutant I51R59N108-G437, which accounting for 64.0% among the gene mutations of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps. Conclusion Multiple mutant codons of PfK13 gene were detected. M476I and P574L had been confirmed to be associated with artemisinin resistance. As the withdrawal of chloroquine, the mutant prevalence of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 genes associated with artemisinin-compatible drug resistance gradually decreased. The resistance of P. falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine were mostly “partial resistance”, with no “super-resistant” haplotype detected.

Key words: Plasmodium falciparum, Drug resistance, PfK13, Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, Equatorial Guinea

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