Research progress on calreticulin in parasitic helminths and its role in immunity

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.03.017

Abstract

Abstract:

Calreticulin is a soluble Ca²⁺-binding protein that is mainly present endoplasmic reticulum, which has a variety of biological functions, such as Ca²⁺ signal transduction, protein folding, and antigen presentation. The calreticulin of parasitic helminths is secreted by the worm body or expressed on the surface of the worm body, which plays an important role in the parasite motility, growth and development. In addition, the calreticulin of some helminths is strongly associated with its immune evasion process. This review summarizes the structure composition and function of calreticulin, and discusses the mechanisms underlying the regulation of host Th1/Th2 immune responses and the regulatory mechanisms of host immune cells, immune molecules and complement system by calreticulin, so as to provide new insights into management of helminthiasis.

Key words: Parasitic helminth, Calreticulin, Immune response, Immune evasion

CLC Number:

R383

ZHAO Yuyuan, WANG Sirui, WANG Mengqi, DUAN Rui, HE Peixia, SUN Shumin. Research progress on calreticulin in parasitic helminths and its role in immunity[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2025, 43(3): 416-422.

Figures/Tables 3

References 53

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来源虫种	基因表达时期	功能	参考文献
日本血吸虫	高表达于幼虫期	刺激脾淋巴细胞的增殖，参与诱导DC成熟	[10]
马来布鲁线虫	定位于虫体组织内	结合C1q抑制补体经典激活途径	[13]
捻转血矛线虫	定位于排泄分泌产物	结合C-反应蛋白并使其失活，抑制补体激活途径	[26]
多房棘球绦虫	定位于幼虫体表及幼虫期排泄分泌物	抑制补体经典激活途径和C1q介导的肥大细胞迁移作用	[27]
锡兰钩虫	-	抑制致敏红细胞溶血，IL-4、IL-10表达量升高，IL-5和IFN-γ表达量降低	[28]
后睾吸虫	定位于生殖细胞和表皮细胞中	结合C1q抑制补体经典激活途径	[29]
旋毛虫	定位于虫体体表以及排泄分泌抗原	抑制补体MBL途径导致的C4b沉积，与C1q 结合使C4/C3生成减少，降低巨噬细胞的趋化活性和吞噬能力，产生高水平的Th1类细胞因子	[16,32,40]
猪带绦虫	高表达于配子和虫卵发育期间	IL-4 和 IL-5分泌增加	[41]
多形螺旋线虫	高表达于幼虫期（L4）	诱导宿主发生Th2应答，IL-12的分泌减少，抑制DCs的迁移能力	[42]

来源虫种	基因表达时期	疫苗保护力	参考文献
马来布鲁线虫	定位于虫体组织中	+	[6,13]
美洲钩口线虫	定位于虫体组织中	++	[50]
猪带绦虫	高表达于配子发育期间	+	[51]
旋毛虫	所有发育阶段均表达，定位于体表	+	[52]
重组曼氏血吸虫	主要定位于体表	-	[53]