Research advances on exosome and its functions to parasitic helminths

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.03.017

Abstract

Abstract:

Exosomes are bilayer vesicular bodies secreted by a variety of variable cells, containing many important bioactive substances, including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which are involved in important physiological processes such as cell-to-cell communication and immune regulation. Exosomes from parasites play a critical role in parasite-host interaction, which can regulate the host immune response through various mechanisms and manipulate host cell function. It is an important medium for the interaction between parasite and parasite, as well as between parasite and host. This review has summarized the recent advances on the pathogenicity, immune regulation and immune evasion of exosomes in trematodes, nematodes and cestodes to help the study of exosomes in parasitic helminths.

Key words: Helminth, Exosome, Parasite-host interaction, Immune regulation

CLC Number:

R383

PAN Xiao-wen, WU Yin-juan, HE Qing, YIN Ying-xuan, LI Xue-rong. Research advances on exosome and its functions to parasitic helminths[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2022, 40(3): 390-395.

Figures/Tables 1

References 53

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	外泌体	微囊泡	凋亡小体
大小/nm	30~150	100~1 000	500~5 000
形态	杯状	形态多样	形态多样
主要成分	蛋白质、脂质、mRNA、miRNA、非编码RNA	蛋白质、脂质、mRNA、miRNA、非编码RNA	蛋白质、细胞器、核酸片段
蛋白标志物	ESCRT、TSG101、CD81、CD63	整合素、选择素、CD40	Caspase3、组蛋白
形成机制	核内体腔内出芽形成多泡体,与质膜融合以胞吐形式释放	细胞质膜向外脱落或出芽形成	细胞程序性死亡或凋亡过程中细胞质膜向外起泡