Development of malaria vaccines and the challenges

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2021.03.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Historically, the ultimate control and elimination of infectious diseases were all attributed to the inoculation of vaccines. For more than 60 years, scientists have never stopped their efforts on developing effective malaria vaccines. Recently, clinical trials on subunit vaccine RTS,S and attenuated sporozoite vaccine have shedded light on production of a safe and effective malaria vaccines. However, there are still many technical and theoretical bottlenecks that hinder the final development of effective malaria vaccine. In this paper, we analyze the problems currently encountered in the malaria vaccine development process from the view point of biological and immunological characteristics ofPlasmodium spp., in the hope to provide clues and directions for the ultimate development of effective malaria vaccines.

Key words: Malaria, Vaccine, Pre-erythrocytic stage, Erythrocytic stage, Mosquito stage

CLC Number:

R531.3

CHEN Sui-lin, LIU Tai-ping, XU Wen-yue. Development of malaria vaccines and the challenges[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2021, 39(3): 283-295.

Figures/Tables 5

References 122

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候选疫苗	免疫原类型	当前状态	作用原理	临床试验结果（人体）
红外期疫苗
RTS,S	亚单位	Ⅲ期临床试验	特异性抗体	30%~50%保护效率
R21	亚单位	Ⅱ期临床试验	特异性抗体	74%~77%保护效率
CSP全长	亚单位	Ⅰ期临床试验	特异性抗体	-
辐照减毒子孢子	全虫	Ⅱ期临床试验	特异性抗体和CD4/CD8⁺ T细胞	-
化学减毒子孢子	全虫	Ⅱ期临床试验	特异性抗体和CD4/CD8⁺ T细胞	55%保护效率
遗传减毒子孢子	全虫	Ⅰ期临床试验	特异性抗体和CD4/CD8⁺ T细胞	-
红内期疫苗
PfRH5	亚单位	Ⅰ期临床试验	特异性抗体	-
化学减毒红内期全虫疫苗	全虫	Ⅰ期临床试验	CD3⁺ T细胞	-
蚊期
Pfs25	亚单位	Ⅰ期临床试验	特异性抗体	-
Pfs230	亚单位	Ⅱ期临床试验	特异性抗体	-