2014—2023年云南省昌宁县恙虫病流行特征分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.05.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从中国疾病预防控制信息系统下载2014年1月1日—2023年12月31日昌宁县恙虫病监测数据进行描述性流行病学分析，运用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计学分析，开展空间自相关分析，计算Moran’s I指数、恙虫病发病集中度M值，分析其季节性流行特征。2014—2023年昌宁县累计报告恙虫病病例2 861例，年平均发病率83.19/10万，死亡1例。发病率由2014年的30.69/10万上升至2023年的166.97/10万（χ²_趋势 = 553.555，P < 0.01）。发病高峰期为每年7—10月，报告病例数占91.26%（2 611/2 861）。集中度结果表明，2014年M值最高为0.905，其余年份M值为0.741~0.862，恙虫病发病有很强的季节性。病例涉及全县13个乡镇，年均报告发病率居前5位的乡镇分别为翁堵镇（353.10/10万）、勐统镇（189.42/10万）、大田坝镇（172.23/10万）、更戛乡（160.00/10万）、鸡飞镇（103.97/10万），其余乡镇年均发病率均低于60/10万。全局空间自相关分析结果显示，2014—2023年的Moran’sI指数均 > 0，P > 0.05。男性占49.91%（1 428/2 861），女性占50.09%（1 433/2 861）。各年龄段均有病例分布，主要集中在0~4岁和40~59岁，分别占12.62%（361/2 861）和40.62%（1 162/2 861）。职业分布以农民为主（74.00%，2 117/2 861）。病例报告以乡镇卫生院为主，报告病例数占52.25%（1 495/2 861）。昌宁县恙虫病疫情总体呈上升趋势，发病具有很强的季节性、地区性和人群分布特征，应在流行季节将农村作为重点防控地区。

关键词: 恙虫病, 昌宁县, 流行特征, 监测

Abstract:

Scrub typhus surveillance data in Changning County from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2023 were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and a descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed using the software SPSS 27.0. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed, and Moran’s I was calculated. The concentration index (M value) of scrub typhus was calculated to analyze the seasonal characteristics of the disease. A total of 2 861 scrub typhus cases were reported in Changning County from 2014 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 83.19/10⁵ and including one death. The incidence of scrub typhus increased from 30.69/10⁵ in 2014 to 166.97/10⁵ in 2023, which appeared an overall tendency towards a rise (χ²_trend = 553.555, P < 0.01). The peak incidence period is July to October each year, accounting for 91.26% (2 611/2 861) of reported cases. Concentration results showed that the highest M value was 0.905 in 2014, and the M values for the remaining years ranged from 0.741 to 0.862, indicating that scrub typhus has a strong seasonal pattern. The scrub typhus cases were distributed across 13 townships in the county, the top five townships with the highest average annual reported incidence rates were Wengdu (353.10/10⁵), Mengtong (189.42/10⁵), Datianba (172.23/10⁵), Gengga (160.00/10⁵), and Jifei (103.97/10⁵). The average annual incidence rates in the remaining townships were all below 60/10⁵. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that for the period 2014-2023, all Moran’s I values were positive and statistically non-significant (P > 0.05). Males accounted for 49.91% (1 428/2 861), while females accounted for 50.09% (1 433/2 861). The cases distributed across all age groups, which were predominantly found at ages of 0 to 4 years (12.62%, 361/2 861) and 40 to 59 years (40.62%, 1 162/2 861), respectively. Farmers constituted the majority of the occupational distribution (74.00%, 2 117/2 861), and were primarily reported by township healthcare centers (52.25%, 1 495/2 861). These data demonstrate that the prevalence of scrub typhus showed an overall upward tendency in Changning County with a strong seasonality, distinct geographical and population distribution characteristics. Prevention and control efforts of scrub typhus should focus on rural areas during the transmission season.

Key words: Scrub typhus, Changning County, Epidemiology characteristic, Surveillance

中图分类号:

R513.2

田玉秀, 黄东升. 2014—2023年云南省昌宁县恙虫病流行特征分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025, 43(5): 723-726.

TIAN Yuxiu, HUANG Dongsheng. Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Changning County, Yunnan Province from 2014 to 2023[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2025, 43(5): 723-726.

图/表 3

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特征	例数	构成比/%
性别
男	1 428	49.91
女	1 433	50.09
年龄组/岁
0~4	361	12.62
5~9	203	7.10
10~14	79	2.76
15~19	64	2.24
20~24	77	2.69
25~29	140	4.89
30~34	149	5.21
35~39	180	6.29
40~44	214	7.48
45~49	329	11.50
50~54	323	11.29
55~59	296	10.35
60~64	175	6.12
65~69	144	5.03
70~74	79	2.76
75~79	31	1.08
80~84	13	0.45
≥ 85	4	0.14
合计	2 861	100