2020—2023年贵州省国家监测点人群土源性线虫感染情况

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解2020—2023年贵州省国家监测点土源性线虫人群感染情况，为全省制订防治策略提供科学依据。方法 2020—2023年在贵州省9市（州）设立土源性线虫病国家监测点，每年固定监测点6个，流动监测点7~11个。各监测点以县为单位，在东、西、南、北、中等5个片区中各随机抽取1个行政村开展监测。每个行政村整群随机抽取3岁及以上常住居民不少于200人，每个监测点不少于1 000人。收集调查对象粪样，采用改良加藤厚涂片法（一粪二检）查虫卵，分析比较不同时间、地区和人群的土源性线虫感染率。率的比较采用卡方检验。结果 2020—2023年贵州省共累计监测60 573人，土源性线虫平均感染率为1.07%（651/60 573）。2020—2023年感染率分别为1.81%（255/14 075）、1.32%（226/17 138）、0.75%（98/13 100）、0.44%（72/16 260），呈逐年下降趋势，各年度间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 155.7，P < 0.01）。蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫平均感染率分别为0.43%（260/60 573）、0.37%（225/60 573）、0.35%（213/605 73）。2020—2023年蛔虫（0.89%、0.50%、0.24%、0.11%）和鞭虫感染率（0.72%、0.48%、0.19%、0.02%）呈逐年下降趋势，各年度间差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 120.2、123.1，均P < 0.01）。人群土源性线虫感染率以黔东南州最高，为2.49%（254/10 199），最低为贵阳市的0.10%（7/7 036），不同地区间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 416.4，P < 0.01）。男性、女性土源性线虫感染率分别为0.89%（262/29 396）、1.25%（389/31 177）；≥ 70岁年龄组感染率最高，为1.56%（106/6 808），其次为3~9岁年龄组（1.46%，132/9 012）；苗族人群的感染率最高，为2.09%（160/7 639）；学生的感染率最高，为1.44%（188/13 019）；文盲组的感染率最高，为2.04%（109/5 332）。不同性别、年龄组、民族、职业和文化程度人群间差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 18.1、92.7、151.1、56.6、146.5，均P < 0.01）。结论 2020—2023年贵州省土源性线虫感染率呈逐年下降趋势，但还应持续关注妇女、儿童、老人、少数民族、农（牧）民、低文化等重点人群，推进贵州省土源性线虫病传播控制和阻断工作。

关键词: 土源性线虫, 感染, 国家监测点, 贵州省

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections in national surveillance sites of Guizhou Province from 2020 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of the control strategy in the province. Methods National soil-transmitted nematodiasis surveillance sites were assigned in 9 cities (prefectures) of Guizhou Province from 2020 to 2023, including 6 fixed surveillance sites and 7 to 11 mobile surveillance sites each year. At each surveillance site, with the county as the unit, one administrative village was randomly selected from each of the five regions (eastern, western, southern, northern, and central) within the county to conduct monitoring. At least 200 permanent residents at ages of 3 years and older were randomly sampled from each administrative village, and at least 1 000 residents were randomly sampled from each surveillance site. Participants’ fecal samples were collected for identification of nematode eggs with the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slides for each stool sample), and the time-, region- and population-specific prevalence rates of soil-transmitted nematode human infections were compared. Differences of proportions were tested for statistical significance with chi-square test. Results A total of 60 573 residents received surveillance on soil-transmitted nematode infections in Guizhou Province from 2020 to 2023, and the average prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was 1.07% (651/60 573). The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was 1.81% (255/14 075), 1.32% (226/17 138), 0.75% (98/13 100), and 0.44% (72/16 260) from 2020 to 2023, respectively, which appeared a tendency towards a decline over years, and there was a significant difference among years (χ² = 155.7, P < 0.01). The average prevalence rates of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura infections were 0.43% (260/60 573), 0.37% (225/60 573) and 0.35% (213/60 573), respectively. The prevalence of both A. lumbricoides (0.89%, 0.50%, 0.24%, 0.11%) and T. trichiura infection (0.72%, 0.48%, 0.19%, 0.02%) appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2020 to 2023, and there were significant differences among years （χ² = 120.2, 123.1, both P < 0.01). The highest prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was detected in Qiandongnan Prefecture (2.49%, 254/10 199), and the lowest in Guiyang City (0.10%, 7/7 036), showing a region-specific prevalence rate of infections (χ² = 416.4, P < 0.01). The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was 0.89% (262/29 396) and (1.25%, 389/31 177) among men and women, respectively. The highest prevalence was seen among residents at ages of 70 years and older 1.56% (106/6 808), followed by at ages of 3 to 9 years (1.46%, 132/9 012). The highest prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was detected among Miao minority ethnic residents (2.09%, 160/7 639). The highest prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was detected among students (1.44%, 188/13 019). In addition, the highest prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was detected among illiterate residents (2.04%, 109/5 332). There were statistically significant differences among populations with different genders, age groups, ethnicities, occupations, and educational levels (χ² = 18.1, 92.7, 151.1, 56.6, 146.5，all P < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections appeared a tendency towards a decline in Guizhou Province over years from 2020 to 2023. However, higher attention should still be paid to key populations, including women, children, the elderly, ethnic minority residents, farmers (herdsmen), and individuals with low educational levels to facilitate the transmission control and interruption of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Guizhou Province.

Key words: Soil-transmitted nematode, Infection, National surveillance site, Guizhou Province

中图分类号:

R532.1

戴佳芮, 朱爱娅, 李杨, 李安梅, 耿燕, 袁茂阳, 甘欣甜. 2020—2023年贵州省国家监测点人群土源性线虫感染情况[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025, 43(3): 358-363.

DAI Jiarui, ZHU Aiya, LI Yang, LI Anmei, GENG Yan, YUAN Maoyang, GAN Xintian. Prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections in national surveillance sites of Guizhou Province from 2020 to 2023[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2025, 43(3): 358-363.

图/表 4

表1

表2

表3

表4

2020—2023年贵州省国家监测点土源性线虫感染人群分布

特征 Feature	监测人数 No. surveillance resident	总感染人数Total no. infected	总感染率/% Total prevalence of infection/%	蛔虫 A. lumbricoides		钩虫 Hook worm		鞭虫 T. trichiura
特征 Feature	监测人数 No. surveillance resident	总感染人数Total no. infected	总感染率/% Total prevalence of infection/%	感染人数No. infected	感染率/% Prevalence of infection/%	感染人数No. infected	感染率/% Prevalence of infection/%	感染人数No. infected	感染率/% Prevalence of infection/%
性别Gender
男性Male	29 396	262	0.89	124	0.42	67	0.23	96	0.33
女性Female	31 177	389	1.25	136	0.44	158	0.51	117	0.38
小计Subtotal	60 573	651	1.07	260	0.43	225	0.37	213	0.35
年龄组/岁Age group/Year
3~9	9 012	132	1.46	62	0.69	9	0.10	80	0.89
10~19	8 593	86	1.00	40	0.47	3	0.03	51	0.59
20~29	4 146	25	0.60	11	0.27	8	0.19	6	0.14
30~39	6 295	40	0.64	17	0.27	11	0.17	15	0.24
40~49	7 732	61	0.79	25	0.32	28	0.36	12	0.16
50~59	10 574	98	0.93	42	0.40	44	0.42	16	0.15
60~69	7 413	103	1.39	27	0.36	65	0.88	15	0.20
≥ 70	6 808	106	1.56	36	0.53	57	0.84	18	0.26
小计Subtotal	60 573	651	1.07	260	0.43	225	0.37	213	0.35
民族Nationality
汉族Han	34 712	261	0.75	118	0.34	72	0.21	87	0.25
苗族Miao	7 639	160	2.09	55	0.72	43	0.56	81	1.06
布依族Buyi	6 351	62	0.98	28	0.44	20	0.31	16	0.25
侗族Dong	6 026	105	1.74	28	0.46	69	1.15	14	0.23
土家族Tujia	3 151	18	0.57	12	0.38	6	0.19	0	0
其他Others	2 694	45	1.67	19	0.71	15	0.56	15	0.56
小计Subtotal	60 573	651	1.07	260	0.43	225	0.37	213	0.35
职业 Occupation
农（牧）民Farmer (herdsman)	37 903	421	1.11	150	0.40	211	0.56	80	0.21
学生Student	13 019	188	1.44	84	0.65	10	0.08	120	0.92
托幼儿童Nursery children	3 825	21	0.55	13	0.34	2	0.05	7	0.18
散居儿童Scattered children	704	4	0.57	3	0.43	1	0.14	0	0
民工及工人Migrant workers and workers	1 657	9	0.54	6	0.36	0	0	3	0.18
家务及待业Housework and unemployment	925	1	0.11	1	0.11	0	0	0	0
医务人员Medical staf	499	1	0.20	0	0	0	0	1	0.20
其他Others	2 041	6	0.29	3	0.15	1	0.05	2	0.10
小计Subtotal	60 573	651	1.07	260	0.43	225	0.37	213	0.35
文化程度Education levels
文盲lliteracy	5 332	109	2.04	45	0.84	51	0.96	18	0.34
学龄前儿童Preschool children	4 538	25	0.55	16	0.35	3	0.07	7	0.15
小学Primary school	28 817	399	1.38	152	0.53	137	0.48	147	0.51
初中Junior high school	16 605	100	0.60	41	0.25	28	0.17	35	0.21
高中、中专Senior high school and secondary technical school	3 317	12	0.36	3	0.09	4	0.12	5	0.15
大专及以上College and above	1 964	6	0.31	3	0.15	2	0.10	1	0.05
小计Subtotal	60 573	651	1.07	260	0.43	225	0.37	213	0.35

表4

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年份 Year	监测县数 No. surveillance county	监测村数 No. surveillance village	常住人口数 No. permanent resident	监测人数 No. surveillance resident	人均年收入/元Average annual per capita income/RMB yuan	主要饮用水源为自来水的比例/%Proportion of tap water as the main source of drinking water/%	无害化处理厕所率/%Proportion of sanitary toilet/%
2020	14	70	165 078	14 075	5 934.7	85.7	69.2
2021	17	85	257 560	17 138	9 243.1	95.3	77.2
2022	13	65	179 693	13 100	12 087.2	95.3	77.2
2023	16	80	176 668	16 260	14 375.2	100	87.5