肠道原虫实验动物感染模型的建立及其影响因素

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.01.021

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 135-139.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.01.021

肠道原虫实验动物感染模型的建立及其影响因素

章孝成¹()(), 沈玉娟¹, 胡媛¹, 姜岩岩¹, 刘华¹, 曹建平¹^,²^,^*()()

1 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心）；传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室；国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室；世界卫生组织热带病合作中心；科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心，上海 200025
2 上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心全球健康学院，上海 200025

收稿日期:2024-06-26 修回日期:2024-11-12 出版日期:2025-02-28 发布日期:2025-03-26
通讯作者: *曹建平（ORCID：0000-0002-1974-0047），男，博士，研究员，从事寄生虫感染与免疫研究。E-mail：caojp@chinacdc.cn
作者简介:章孝成（ORCID：0009-0006-9548-4205），男，硕士，助理研究员，从事寄生虫感染与免疫研究。 E-mail：zhangxc@nipd.chinacdc.cn
基金资助:
上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2023—2025年）重点学科项目(GWVI-11.1-12);上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2020—2022年）(GWV-10.1-XK13);上海市卫生健康委员会卫生行业临床研究专项青年项目(20214Y0206)

Establishment and influencing factors of experimental animal models for intestinal protozoa infection

ZHANG Xiaocheng¹()(), SHEN Yujuan¹, HU Yuan¹, JIANG Yanyan¹, LIU Hua¹, CAO Jianping¹^,²^,^*()()

1 National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China
2 The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

Received:2024-06-26 Revised:2024-11-12 Online:2025-02-28 Published:2025-03-26
Contact: *E-mail: caojp@chinacdc.cn
Supported by:
Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai (2023-2025) Key Discipline Project(GWVI-11.1-12);Three-Year Public Health Action Plan (2020-2022) of Shanghai Municipal Public Health System Construction(GWV-10.1-XK13);Clinical Research Special Project for Young Scholars in Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(20214Y0206)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肠道原虫是一类在生态环境中广泛分布的单细胞真核生物，其多数虫株来源于带虫者的排泄物或分泌物，经纯化培养后用于感染实验动物。体外培养技术的局限性和原虫对宿主的特异性，均直接影响动物模型建立的难度。本文概述了主要肠道原虫体外培养技术及其相应的适宜动物模型，并探讨了影响动物模型建立的各种因素。鉴于新型动物模型能更好地模拟人类肠道原虫病的疾病进程，应重视肠道原虫实验动物感染模型尤其新型动物模型的研发，以期为肠道原虫感染动物模型的建立与研究提供支撑。

关键词: 肠道原虫, 体外培养, 接种, 动物感染, 动物模型

Abstract:

Intestinal protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that are widely distributed in ecological environments. Most of the protozoan isolates are derived from excretions or secretions of individuals carrying cysts, which are used for experimental animal infections following purification and culture. Both the limitations of in vitro culture techniques and the host specificity of protozoa may directly affect the difficulty in the establishment of animal models. This review summarizes major in vitro culture techniques and appropriate animal models, and discusses the factors affecting the establishment of animal models. Considering that novel animal models are more effective to simulate the disease progression of human intestinal protozoan diseases, high attention should be paid to the development of experimental animal models of intestinal protozoan infections, notably novel animal models, so as to provide supports for the establishment and research of animal models of intestinal protozoan infections.

Key words: Intestinal protozoa, In vitro culture, Inoculation, Animal infection, Animal model

中图分类号:

R531

章孝成, 沈玉娟, 胡媛, 姜岩岩, 刘华, 曹建平. 肠道原虫实验动物感染模型的建立及其影响因素[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025, 43(1): 135-139.

ZHANG Xiaocheng, SHEN Yujuan, HU Yuan, JIANG Yanyan, LIU Hua, CAO Jianping. Establishment and influencing factors of experimental animal models for intestinal protozoa infection[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2025, 43(1): 135-139.

图/表 1

参考文献 42

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原虫种类	虫种来源	动物选择	动物接种技术	文献
蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫	自感染贾第鞭毛虫患者或感染动物的粪便中分离培养获得包囊	家犬、家猫、家兔、B细胞缺陷小鼠、C57BL/6N小鼠、C57BL/6J小鼠、长爪沙鼠、蒙古沙鼠等	胃部灌注	[5,18,26 -27]
溶组织内阿米巴	自然感染溶组织内阿米巴患者或感染动物的粪便中分离培养获得虫体	狗、猫、猴、兔、豚鼠、小鼠、金黄地鼠、仓鼠、长爪沙鼠等	盲肠内接种；胃部灌注	[6-7,20⇓⇓-23]
人芽囊原虫	自然感染人芽囊原虫患者或感染动物的粪便中分离培养获得虫体	大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、猪和兔等	胃部灌注	[8]
隐孢子虫	自然感染隐孢子虫患者或感染动物的粪便中分离培养获得卵囊	大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、犬、牛、羊、猪、鸡等	小型动物：胃部灌注大型动物：经口感染	[9-10,19]
微孢子虫	自然感染微孢子虫患者或感染动物的粪便中分离培养获得孢子	BALB/c小鼠、C57BL/6J小鼠、SCID小鼠等	腹膜内注射；直肠灌入	[11⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-17]

肠道原虫实验动物感染模型的建立及其影响因素

Establishment and influencing factors of experimental animal models for intestinal protozoa infection

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