中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 205-209.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.02.009

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2016—2023年陕西省土源性线虫感染情况分析

年云鹏()(), 栗珊珊, 张义, 曹磊, 刘东立, 马琳, 宁少奇, 马超, 张路钱*()()   

  1. 陕西省疾病预防控制中心,陕西 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31 修回日期:2025-02-05 出版日期:2025-04-30 发布日期:2025-04-23
  • 通讯作者: * 张路钱(ORCID:0009-0003-5439-1852),男,硕士,主管医师,从事寄生虫病防治工作。E-mail:245209492@qq.com
  • 作者简介:年云鹏(ORCID:0009-0000-2978-3895),男,硕士,助理研究员,从事寄生虫病防治工作。E-mail:cdcjkr@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    三秦英才特殊支持计划创新创业团队项目(2023-12)

Epidemiological characteristics of soil-transmitted nematode infections in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023

NIAN Yunpeng()(), LI Shanshan, ZHANG Yi, CAO Lei, LIU Dongli, MA Lin, NING Shaoqi, MA Chao, ZHANG Luqian*()()   

  1. Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2024-10-31 Revised:2025-02-05 Online:2025-04-30 Published:2025-04-23
  • Contact: * E-mail:245209492@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project of Sanqin Talents Special Support Program(2023-12)

摘要:

目的 分析陕西省2016—2023年土源性线虫感染现状及变化趋势,为制定土源性线虫病防控策略提供科学依据。方法 根据《全国肝吸虫病和土源性线虫病监测方案(试行)》要求,每年抽取陕西省部分县(区)作为监测点,各监测点按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区,每片区抽取1个行政村开展监测,每个行政村至少调查200人,每个监测县至少调查1 000人。收集调查对象粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法检查土源性线虫虫卵(一粪二检)。感染率的比较采用χ2检验。结果 2016—2023年,陕西省累计设立76个监测点,共监测90 790人,土源性线虫总感染率为0.13%(115/90 790),仅查出蛔虫感染者。陕西省各年度土源性线虫感染率分别为0.70%(63/9 040)、0.20%(18/9 073)、0.17%(15/9 013)、0.07%(6/9 076)、0(0/9 334)、0(0/9 061)、0.06%(10/17 122)和0.02%(3/19 071)(χ2 = 161.424,P < 0.01)。不同地市中,铜川市感染率最高(0.27%,11/4 042)(χ2 = 110.412,P < 0.01);不同生态区中,汾渭盆地生态区的感染率最高(0.17%,67/39 105)(χ2 = 18.581,P < 0.01)。20~29岁年龄组人群的感染率最高(0.21%,13/6 071),职业分布以幼托儿童最高(0.21%,16/7 758),文化程度以学龄前儿童最高(0.21%,16/7 770),不同年龄组、职业和文化程度人群的感染率差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 13.245、11.243、16.737,均P < 0.05)。结论 2016—2023年陕西省土源性线虫感染处于低流行水平,主要感染虫种为蛔虫,不同地区和不同人群感染率差异较大。

关键词: 土源性线虫, 流行病学特征, 陕西省

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the trends in the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of the soil-transmitted nematodiasis control strategy. Methods According to the requirements of the National Clonorchiasis and Soil-transmitted Nematodiasis Surveillance Program (Trial), surveillance sites were sampled from counties (districts) in Shaanxi Province each year from 2016 to 2023, and each surveillance site was divided into 5 areas according to geographical locations, including eastern, western, southern, northern and central areas. One administrative village was sampled from each area, and at least 200 residents were surveyed in each administrative village, with at least 1 000 residents were surveyed in each surveillance county. Participants’ fecal samples were collected, and the soil-transmitted nematode eggs were detected using the Kato-Katz technique (two slides of one stool sample). The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was compared with Chi-square test. Results A total of 76 surveillance sites were assigned in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023. The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was 0.13% (115/90 790) among participants, and only Ascaris lumbricoides infection was detected. The prevalence rates of soil-transmitted nematode infections were 0.70% (63/9 040), 0.20% (18/9 073), 0.17% (15/9 013), 0.07% (6/9 076), 0 (0/9 334), 0 (0/9 061), 0.06% (10/17 122) and 0.02% (3/19 071) in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023, respectively (χ2 = 161.424, P < 0.01). The highest prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was detected in Tongchuan City (0.27%, 11/4 042) (χ2 = 110.412, P < 0.01) and Fenwei basin ecological zone (0.17%, 67/39 105) (χ2 = 18.581, P < 0.01). In addition, the highest prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was found among residents at ages of 20 to 29 years (0.21%, 13/6 071), participants with an occupation of preschool children (0.21%, 16/7 758) and participants with an educational level of preschool children (0.21%, 16/7 770), and there were significant differences in the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections among participants in terms of age groups, occupations and educational levels (χ2 = 13.245, 11.243, 16.737, all P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections was at a low level in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023, with A. lumbricoides as the predominant parasite species. The prevalence of human soil-transmitted nematode infections varies greatly in different regions and populations.

Key words: Soil-transmitted nematode, Epidemiological characteristics, Shaanxi Province

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