关键词: 阴道毛滴虫, 感染, 流行特征

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis positive among women in the clinical laboratory of maternal and child health hospitals of Huzhou City, so as to provide a scientific basis for trichomoniasis control. Methods Data pertaining to T. vaginalis positive were retrieved from laboratory management information systems in Department of Laboratory Medicine of Huzhou Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changxing County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Anji County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and Deqing County Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2016 to 2023, including clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, treatments, and follow-up outcomes. Vaginal secretions were collected using sterile cotton swabs from the posterior fornix or cervical os. T. vaginalis positive were detected with a fully automated vaginal microecology analyzer among general cases, and using PCR assay among refractory or recurrent cases. Statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS 26.0, and the effects of year, season, age, department and household registration on T. vaginalis positive rate were evaluated with analysis of Chi-square test. Results Among 875 407 vaginal secretion samples tested across four hospitals in Huzhou City from 2016 to 2023, 7 282 samples were positive for T. vaginalis positive. The highest positive rate was seen in 2016 (1.11%, 1 420/128 282), with the lowest in 2023 (0.45%, 419/93 517), and the positive rate appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2016 to 2023 (χ² = 499.746, P < 0.01), except for a minor rebound in 2021 (0.74%, 736/99 159). The highest positive rate was found in autumn (0.86%, 1 888/220 624), followed by in spring (0.83%, 1 859/225 219), winter (0.82%, 1 384/167 811) and summer (0.78%, 2 051/261 753), and the positive rate were 0.78% (192/24 740) in spring, 0.59% (188/31 786) in summer, 0.61% (157/25 931) in autumn and 0.80% (153/19 174) in winter in 2020 (χ² = 13.174, P < 0.05), while there were no season-specific positive rate in other seven years (χ² = 3.263, P > 0.05). The reported trichomoniasis cases had a median age of 39 years (range, 12 to 73 years), and the highest positive rate was seen among women at ages of 20 years and lower (1.57%, 405/25 780), followed at ages of 41 to 50 years (1.53%, 2 498/163 726), with the lowest among women at ages of 21 to 30 years (0.49%, 1 612/327 709) (χ² = 1 682.086, P < 0.01). There was a significant difference in the positive rate among women with (0.70%, 3 539/503 684) and without local household registration (0.92%, 3 581/371 723) (χ² = 180.228, P < 0.01), and the highest positive rate was seen in Department of Gynecology (1.10%, 6 129/557 907), followed by in Department of Physical Examinations (0.48%, 899/186 616) and Department of Obstetrics (0.24%, 308/130 884) (χ² = 1 312.963, P < 0.01). Conclusion The positive rate appeared a tendency towards a decline in Huzhou City over years from 2016 to 2023.

Key words: Trichomoniasis vaginalis, Infection, Epidemiological characteristics