2022年全国土源性线虫感染监测情况分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.04.001

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 451-457.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.04.001

2022年全国土源性线虫感染监测情况分析

朱慧慧¹(), 黄继磊¹, 周长海¹^,^*()(), 诸廷俊¹, 赵陆源¹, 钱门宝¹^,², 李石柱¹^,²^,^*()

1 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，科技部国家级热带病国际研究中心，上海 200025
2 上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心全球健康学院，上海 200025

收稿日期:2025-07-10 修回日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-10-09
通讯作者: *李石柱（ORCID：0000-0003-3172-5218），男，博士，研究员，从事寄生虫病防治研究。E-mail：lisz@chinacdc.cn; 周长海，女，学士，副主任技师，从事土源性、食源性寄生虫病防治研究。E-mail：zhouch@nipd.chinacdc.cn
作者简介:朱慧慧（ORCID：0000-0001-7754-8961），女，博士，副研究员，从事土源性、食源性寄生虫病防治研究。E-mail： zhuhh@nipd.chinacdc.cn

National surveillance of soil-transmitted helminth infecions in China in 2022

ZHU Huihui¹(), HUANG Jilei¹, ZHOU Changhai¹^,^*()(), ZHU Tingjun¹, ZHAO Luyuan¹, QIAN Menbao¹^,², LI Shizhu¹^,²^,^*()

1 National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases; NHC Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China
2 School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

Received:2025-07-10 Revised:2025-08-25 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-10-09
Contact: *E-mail: lisz@chinacdc.cn; zhouch@nipd.chinacdc.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解我国土源性线虫感染流行现状和流行趋势，为开展防控工作提供参考。方法 2022年在30个省（自治区、直辖市）的土源性线虫病国家监测点（县）开展监测工作（西藏未开展）。各监测点从东、西、南、北、中5个片区中各抽取1个行政村，每个行政村整群抽取3周岁以上常住居民200人开展调查，每个监测点共调查1 000人。收集被调查者粪样，采用改良加藤厚涂片法（一粪两检）进行检查和虫卵计数，计算感染率、感染度等，感染率间的比较采用卡方检验。每个行政村随机抽取5户居民，每户采集1份田地/菜园的土样，检测土样中的钩蚴和人蛔虫卵。结果 2022年，30个省（自治区、直辖市）的354个监测点共监测363 603人，土源性线虫总感染率为0.64%（2 330/363 603），其中感染率最高的省份为四川（4.53%，776/17 149），第2~3位为云南（4.31%，646/14 974）和海南（3.98%，123/3 089）。福建、贵州、江西、浙江、重庆、山东、青海、广西、宁夏、安徽、湖南、甘肃、山西、辽宁和广东等15个省（自治区、直辖市）感染率为0.10%~1.50%。吉林、陕西、新疆、江苏、河南、湖北和河北等7个省（自治区）感染率为> 0~< 0.10%，北京、黑龙江、内蒙古、上海和天津等5个省（自治区、直辖市）未查到感染者。女性感染率为0.72%（1 332/184 152），高于男性的0.56%（998/179 451）（χ² = 39.89，P < 0.05）。≥ 60岁年龄组人群的土源性线虫感染率最高，为1.00%（1 014/100 963），各年龄组间感染率差异有统计学意义（χ² = 366.01，P < 0.05）。钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫的感染率分别为0.39%（1 410/363 603）、0.16%（569/363 603）和0.14%（494/363 603），其中轻度感染分别占94.47%（1 332/1 410）、71.00%（404/569）、91.50%（452/494）。田地和菜园的土样中均有检出人蛔虫卵和钩蚴，人蛔虫卵和钩蚴检出率分别为1.24%（29/2 335）、1.11%（26/2 335）。结论我国土源性线虫病总体已处于低流行水平，但地区和人群分布差异较大，应因地制宜地推动全国土源性线虫病的防控，以及传播控制与阻断工作。

关键词: 土源性线虫, 感染率, 监测, 钩虫, 蛔虫, 鞭虫

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of and trends in prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in China, so as to provide insights into management of soil-transmitted helminthiasi. Methods In 2022, a nationwide surveillance of soil-transmitted helminthiasis was conducted at designated surveillance sites of soil-transmitted helminthiasis across 30 provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) in China (this survey was not conducted in Xizang), and a unified sampling method was employed in each surveillance site. One administrative village was selected from eastern, western, southern, northern and central regions, respectively. Two hundred permanent residents at ages of 3 years and older were sampled using a cluster sampling method from each administrative village, with a total of 1 000 individuals in a surveillance site. Participants’ stool samples were collected and tested for STH infections and egg counts using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slides for one sample). The prevalence and intensity of STH infections were calculated, and differences of prevalence were tested for statistical significance with chi-square test. Five households were randomly selected from each administrative village, and one soil sample was collected from each household farmland/vegetable garden for isolation and characterization of hookworm larvae and detection of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. Results A total of 363 603 residents from 354 surveillance sites in 30 provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) were surveyed for STH infections, with an overall infection prevalence of 0.64% (2 330/363 603), with the highest prevalence detected in Sichuan Province (4.53%, 776/17 149), followed by in Yunnan Province (4.31%, 646/14 974) and Hainan Province (3.98%, 123/3 089). Fifteen provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities), including Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Chongqing, Shandong, Qinghai, Guangxi, Ningxia, Anhui, Hunan, Gansu, Shanxi, Liaoning, and Guangdong, showed prevalence ranging from 0.10% to 1.50%. Seven provinces (autonomous regions), namely Jilin, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Henan, Hubei, and Hebei, exhibited prevalence between > 0 and < 0.10%. No infected cases were detected in five provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities): Beijing, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, and Tianjin. The prevalence of STH infections was higher among females (0.72%, 1 332/184 152) than among males (0.56%, 998/179 451) (χ² = 39.89, P < 0.05). The highest prevalence of STH infections was detected among residents at ages of 60 years and older (1.00%, 1 014/100 963). The differences in prevalence among age groups were statistically significant (χ² = 366.01, P < 0.05). The prevalence rates of hookworm, A. lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura were 0.39% (1 410/363 603), 0.16% (569/363 603), and 0.14% (494/363 603), with mild infections accounting for 94.47% (1 332/1 410), 71.00% (404/569), 91.50% (452/494), respectively. Both A. lumbricoides eggs and hookworm larvae were detected in soil samples from farmlands and vegetable gardens. The detection rates of A. lumbricoides eggs and hookworm larvae were 1.24% (29/2 335) and 1.11% (26/2 335), respectively. Conclusion The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis is low in China; however, there are high regional and human disparities. Tailored prevention and control measures should be implemented to promote transmission control and interruption of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in China.

Key words: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis, Infection rate, Surveillance, Hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura

中图分类号:

R532.1

朱慧慧, 黄继磊, 周长海, 诸廷俊, 赵陆源, 钱门宝, 李石柱. 2022年全国土源性线虫感染监测情况分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025, 43(4): 451-457.

ZHU Huihui, HUANG Jilei, ZHOU Changhai, ZHU Tingjun, ZHAO Luyuan, QIAN Menbao, LI Shizhu. National surveillance of soil-transmitted helminth infecions in China in 2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2025, 43(4): 451-457.

图/表 3

表1

2022年全国监测点土源性线虫感染情况

省（自治区、直辖市） Province (Autonomous Region, Municipality)	检查人数 No. exam’d	土源性线虫 Soil-transmitted helminth			钩虫 Hookworm			蛔虫 Ascaris lumbricoides			鞭虫 Trichuris trichura
省（自治区、直辖市） Province (Autonomous Region, Municipality)	检查人数 No. exam’d	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	95%置信区间 95%CI	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	95%置信区间 95%CI	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	95%置信区间 95%CI	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	95%置信区间 95%CI
北京 Beijing	3 191	0	0	0~0.12	0	0	0~0.12	0	0	0~0.12	0	0	0~0.12
天津 Tianjin	3 067	0	0	0~0.12	0	0	0~0.12	0	0	0~0.12	0	0	0~0.12
河北 Hebei	17 072	2	0.01	0~0.03	0	0	0~0.02	2	0.01	0~0.03	0	0	0~0.02
山西 Shanxi	18 109	22	0.12	0.07~0.17	0	0	0~0.02	22	0.12	0.07~0.17	0	0	0~0.02
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	10 022	0	0	0~0.04	0	0	0~0.04	0	0	0~0.04	0	0	0~0.04
辽宁 Liaoning	13 095	15	0.11	0.06~0.17	0	0	0~0.03	15	0.11	0.06~0.17	0	0	0~0.03
吉林 Jilin	19 000	13	0.07	0.03~0.11	0	0	0~0.02	13	0.07	0.03~0.11	0	0	0~0.02
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	4 000	0	0	0~0.09	0	0	0~0.09	0	0	0~0.09	0	0	0~0.09
上海 Shanghai	3 617	0	0	0~0.10	0	0	0~0.10	0	0	0~0.10	0	0	0~0.10
江苏 Jiangsu	11 125	5	0.04	0.01~0.08	3	0.03	0~0.06	0	0	0~0.03	2	0.02	0~0.04
浙江 Zhejiang	11 352	59	0.52	0.39~0.65	59	0.52	0.39~0.65	0	0	0~0.03	0	0	0~0.03
安徽 Anhui	29 048	68	0.23	0.18~0.29	65	0.22	0.17~0.28	2	0.01	0~0.02	2	0.01	0~0.02
福建 Fujian	8 174	122	1.49	1.23~1.76	113	1.38	1.13~1.64	1	0.01	0~0.04	9	0.11	0.04~0.18
江西 Jiangxi	14 303	101	0.71	0.57~0.84	41	0.29	0.2~0.37	42	0.29	0.2~0.38	18	0.13	0.07~0.18
山东 Shandong	14 283	58	0.41	0.30~0.51	2	0.01	0~0.03	1	0.01	0~0.02	55	0.39	0.28~0.49
河南 Henan	16 554	5	0.03	0~0.06	2	0.01	0~0.03	3	0.02	0~0.04	0	0	0~0.09
湖北 Hubei	10 238	2	0.02	0~0.05	0	0	0~0.04	1	0.01	0~0.03	1	0.01	0~0.03
湖南 Hunan	7 014	14	0.20	0.1~0.30	5	0.07	0.01~0.13	6	0.09	0.02~0.15	3	0.04	0~0.09
广东 Guangdong	23 560	23	0.10	0.06~0.14	6	0.03	0.01~0.05	7	0.03	0.01~0.05	10	0.04	0.02~0.07
广西 Guangxi	16 582	55	0.33	0.24~0.42	32	0.19	0.13~0.26	1	0.01	0~0.02	22	0.13	0.08~0.19
海南 Hainan	3 089	123	3.98	3.29~4.67	108	3.50	2.85~4.14	2	0.06	0~0.15	13	0.42	0.19~0.65
重庆 Chongqing	11 093	56	0.50	0.37~0.64	44	0.40	0.28~0.51	11	0.10	0.04~0.16	1	0.01	0~0.03
四川 Sichuan	17 149	776	4.53	4.21~4.84	344	2.01	1.8~2.22	297	1.73	1.54~1.93	253	1.48	1.29~1.66
贵州 Guizhou	13 100	98	0.75	0.60~0.90	43	0.33	0.23~0.43	32	0.24	0.16~0.33	25	0.19	0.12~0.27
云南 Yunnan	14 974	646	4.31	3.99~4.64	543	3.63	3.33~3.93	44	0.29	0.21~0.38	80	0.53	0.42~0.65
陕西 Shaanxi	17 122	10	0.06	0.02~0.09	0	0	0~0.02	10	0.06	0.02~0.09	0	0	0~0.02
甘肃 Gansu	5 070	7	0.14	0.04~0.24	0	0	0~0.07	7	0.14	0.04~0.24	0	0	0~0.07
青海 Qinghai	5 194	18	0.35	0.19~0.51	0	0	0~0.07	18	0.35	0.19~0.51	0	0	0~0.07
宁夏 Ningxia	10 625	26	0.24	0.15~0.34	0	0	0~0.03	26	0.24	0.15~0.34	0	0	0~0.03
新疆 Xinjiang	12 781	6	0.05	0.01~0.08	0	0	0~0.03	6	0.05	0.01~0.08	0	0	0~0.03
合计 Total	363 603	2 330	0.64	0.61~0.67	1 410	0.39	0.37~0.41	569	0.16	0.14~0.17	494	0.14	0.12~0.15

表1

表2

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2022年全国土源性线虫感染监测情况分析

National surveillance of soil-transmitted helminth infecions in China in 2022

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特征 Characteristics	检查人数 No. exam’d	土源性线虫 Soil-transmitted helminth			钩虫 Hookworm			蛔虫 Ascaris lumbricoides			鞭虫 Trichuris trichura
特征 Characteristics	检查人数 No. exam’d	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	95%置信区间 95%CI	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	95%置信区间 95%CI	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	95%置信区间 95%CI	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	95%置信区间 95%CI
性别 Sex
男 Male	179 451	998	0.56	0.52~0.59	577	0.32	0.30~0.35	255	0.14	0.12~0.16	229	0.13	0.11~0.14
女 Female	184 152	1 332	0.72	0.68~0.76	833	0.45	0.42~0.48	314	0.17	0.15~0.19	265	0.14	0.13~0.16
合计 Total	363 603	2 330	0.64	0.61~0.67	1 410	0.39	0.37~0.41	569	0.16	0.14~0.17	494	0.14	0.12~0.15
年龄组/岁 Age group/Year
0~6	25 272	88	0.35	0.28~0.42	11	0.04	0.02~0.07	51	0.20	0.15~0.26	42	0.17	0.12~0.22
7~14	43 426	278	0.64	0.57~0.72	50	0.12	0.08~0.15	144	0.33	0.28~0.39	131	0.30	0.25~0.35
15~44	101 430	369	0.36	0.33~0.40	154	0.15	0.13~0.18	131	0.13	0.11~0.15	115	0.11	0.09~0.13
45~59	92 512	581	0.63	0.58~0.68	394	0.43	0.38~0.47	130	0.14	0.12~0.16	82	0.09	0.07~0.11
≥ 60	100 963	1 014	1.00	0.94~1.07	801	0.79	0.74~0.85	113	0.11	0.09~0.13	124	0.12	0.1~0.14
合计 Total	363 603	2 330	0.64	0.61~0.67	1 410	0.39	0.37~0.41	569	0.16	0.14~0.17	494	0.14	0.12~0.15

虫种 Species	轻度感染 Light infection		中度感染 Moderate infection		重度感染 Heavy infection
虫种 Species	感染人数 No. infected	占比/% Proportion/%	感染人数 No. infected	占比/% Proportion/%	感染人数 No. infected	占比/% Proportion/%
钩虫 Hookworm	1 332	94.47	41	2.91	37	2.62
蛔虫 Ascaris lumbricoides	404	71.00	140	24.60	25	4.39
鞭虫 Trichuris trichiura	452	91.50	38	7.69	4	0.81

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