Table of Content

31 August 1985, Volume 3 Issue 3

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COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON ISOENZYME PATTERNS, PROTEINS, SUGARS AND LIPIDS OF FOUR GEOGRAPHIC STRAINS OF ANOPHELES SINENSIS

1985, 3(3):  161-165. 

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In 1983-1984 we compared the isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, esterase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and peroxidase of Anopheles sinensis from Xuzhou, Yixing, Fuzhou and Haikou by polyacrylamide gel electroph oresis and esterase isoenzymes, proteins, sugars and lipids of An. sinensis by isoelectric focusing. The results are as follows: (1) No significant difference was observed among these four local populations in PAGE isoensyme patterns of the 5 enzymes studied; (2) As a whole, the patterns of esterase isoenzymes by IEF showed no difference, H= - 2.244, p0.05, but a geographic difference in individual bands was obvious.It increases with the geographic distance, indicating the presence of intraspecific differentiation; (3) Pro teins, sugars and lipids were essentially similar, with some minor differences in indi vidual protein bands, somewhat similar to those revealed in the IEF pattern of esterase isoenzymes.

STUDIES ON MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST LEISHMANIA DONOVANI XINJIANG STRAIN

1985, 3(3):  166-169. 

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Nine monoclonal antibodies against L. donovani Xinjiang strain were obtained by fusing Sp2/0 myeloma cells and spleen cells from immune mice with a fusion rate of 91.7%. ELISA showed that the antibody tilers produced from 7 recloned McAbs ranged from 1:12,800 to 1:819,200. Among them, McAbs E12 and A11 exhibited certain in vitro protective effects and were characterized as:1. The antibody titres of both E12 and A11 were 1:51,200; 2. Protein contents(mg/ml) were 110.7 and 64.2, respectively; 3. Both belonged to IgG2b subclass; 4. On incubation of living promastigotes of L. donovani Xinjiang strain with the McAbs and complement, strong agglutination resulted. Under electron microscope, these promastigotes showed different changes as compared with the controls, such as rarefaction of cytoplasm, increase of cellular vacuoles in size and number. Adhesion between promastigotes was also found, suggesting that E12 and A11 may have protective effects against the promastigotes.

SEVEN YEARS' MALARIA SURVEILLANCE IN GUIDONG COUNTY, HUNAN

1985, 3(3):  170-173. 

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Since the end of 1960's, Guidong County in Hunan has been an endemic area of tertian malaria with Anopheles hyrcanus sinensis as transmission vector. The annual in cidence has been controlled under the level of 1/10,000 since 1973. In 1974,the parasite rate of inhabitants was 0.28 per thousand, showing that the county was at the final stage of malaria eradication. A surveillance programme was launched to eradicate malaria from 1977 to 1983. Under the leadership of Party Committees and Governments at all levels, professional contingent was instructed (1) to carry out blood examinations of all febril patients and IFAT to search for remnant source of infection, with special emphasis on migrating population; (2) to prevent the transmission by strict surveillance of former infection foci and survey on the changes of the main vector of malaria transmission and (3) to organize joint prevention team, to enlarge the protective zones. In 1983, onlyone positive case was recorded from 14,584 febril patients among local inhabitants and none from 288 febril cases among immigrants.

SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA Ⅱ. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF POPULATION ANTIBODY RESPONSES

1985, 3(3):  174-177. 

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On the basis of the results obtained from serological survey by GAA-IHA test among populations in eight areas with different endemicities of schistosomiasis japonica, the authors bring out three epidemiological patterns of population antibody responses to gut-associated antigen (GAA) prepared from the adult worms.It was shown that the serological results could reflect the epidemiological status indicated by other surveillance data and could provide new informations unavailable in parasitological surveys. Therefore, the serological population data can be considered as an important supplementary measure in routine surveillance for measuring the ende-micity of the disease, monitoring the changing trend of transmission of the disease, and assessing the effectiveness of a control programme in a given endemic area.

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE EFFECT OF PYQUITON ON THE TEGUMENT OFSCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

1985, 3(3):  178-180. 

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The effect of a single-dose oral administration of pyquiton on the tegumental sur face of adult Schistosoma japonicum in infected mice (C57/BL) was studied by SEM. Worms were recovered from mice 6,12,24 and 48 hrs after treatment, respectively. Pronounced tegumental surface alterations were observed including swelling, wrinkling and constriction, collapse of sensory bulbs, erosion of large areas of the surface. Different types of lesions with different degrees of intensity were described among worms from the same individual host.

INDIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TEST WITH TWO DIFFERENT ANTIGENS IN A SINGLE CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY OF MALARIA

1985, 3(3):  181-183. 

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A single cross-sectibnal survey was conducted by IFAT with both P., falciparum and P. cynomolgi antigens in five different endemic areas of malaria in 1983. Parasito-logical examination was done simultaneously for comparison. Antigen slides containing either 149.5 schizonts of P. cynomolgi or 124.4 schizonts of P. falciparum per field (10 X 40) were used to detect the antibodies against malaria by IFAT at the same time. The results of serological assessment coincide well with those of blood examinations, the positive rates of antibodies and the GMRT level being proportionally related to the malaria endemicity and the transmission intensity of P.falciparum and; P. vivax in the areas studied. It suggests that both antigens for IFAT, could be used in sero-epidemsological investigation to determine the endemicity of falciparum and vivax malaria in areas of coexistence.

INDIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TEST IN A LONGITUDINAL SURVEY OF MALARIA

1985, 3(3):  187-188. 

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This investigation was carried out in two malarious villages of different types In Pucheng County, Fujian during the period of 1976 to 1978. 200-400 blood samples were collected randomly in both villages in October by the end of transmission season in each year. For each sample, immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and blood examination were performed simultaneously. It was found that the malaria incidence was closely related to the positive rate of IFAT (p0.05) but less closely related to the positive parasite rate (p0.05). The results suggested that IFAT is a sensitive index for monitoring the endemicity of malaria during the transmissionseason.

DEVELOPMENT OF PIPKRAQLIINE-RESISTANT LINE OF PLASMODIUM BERGHEl ANKA STRAIN

1985, 3(3):  189-192. 

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Under increasing drug pressure, Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain developed 197.2 fold resistance to piperaquine after 9 passages during 2 months. The piperaquine-resis-tant line (PR/ANKA line) was unstable, it regained sensitivity to piperaquine after 3 drug-free passages. Through serial mice-mosquitoes-mice passages in which drug pressure was intermittently given, PR/ANKA line produced a new line (MPR/ANKA) with a resistant level of about 30-fold which remained unchanged after 10 drug-free passages at 2.5 months. The virulence of PR/ANKA line and MPR/ANKA line was markedly lower than that of parent line, but the mice infected with them didn't have the trend of spontaneous cure.MPR/ANKA line exhibited cross resistance to hydroxypiperaquine, and qinghaozhl (artesunate), the resistant index being 19.30 and 5.50 respectively. It had a slight cross resistance to pyronaridine, f.or which the index was 1.60. Towards primaquine and chloroquine, the line didn't show any cross resistance, the index being 1.07 and 0.94.

SPECIFIC IgE ANTIBODY IN SCHISTOSOMIASIS

1985, 3(3):  193-194. 

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Specific IgE antibody in sera from patients with schistosomiasis was assessed by ELISA. The positive rate of 50 acute cases and 14 chronic cases was 100% while that of 40 advanced cases was 27.5%. Of 77 healthy donors 1.2% gave false positive reactions. These results suggested that the ELISA test for assessment of specific IgE antibody was highly sensitive and specific. 16 patients were followed up 3 months after pyquiton treatment. 7 out of 12 cured cases showed negative specific IgE antibody. On the contrary, specific IgG antibody remained positive in all the 16 cases.

OPEN SOLID PLATE MEDIUM CULTURED BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AND ITS MOSQUITOCIDAL EFFECT IN FIELD APPLICATION

1985, 3(3):  195-197. 

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This paper reported on the cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis serotypc H-14 with open solid plate medium. It was found that the toxicity of this preparation was onefold higher than that cultured in the shaking bottle. 60 batches have produced, amounting to 2,000kg. The titre of the preparatien was 600 ITU/ing. Evaluation of its mo-quitocidal effect on the spot showed that the efficacy of the preparation was similar to that of the Sandoz bacteria fluid, reducing the mosquito density to 92.6% as compared with that in a control area.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON PAPER RADIOANTIGENSOHBENT TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PARAGONIMIASIS

1985, 3(3):  198-200. 

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Paper radioantigensorbent test(PRAST) with preliminarily purified antigen of adult Paragonimus westermani was performed for the detection of specific antibodies in para gonimiasis and compared with ELISA.The positive rate of PRAST in 80 parasitologically confirmed paragoniraiasis cases was 91.3% with a false positive rate of 3% in 100 healthy individuals. By comparison, PRAST gave a slightly lower positive rate than ELISA for detecting antibodies in paragonimiasis, but exhibited higher titres in positive sera. No cross-reaction with sera from schistosomiasis was observed in both tests. Only very weak reaction occurred in PRAST with sera from clonorchiasis and fasciolopsiasis.

THE EMBRYOTOXICITY OF PRIMAQUINE OCTYLAMIDE IN HATS

1985, 3(3):  201-202. 

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Primaquine octylamide was administered intramuscularly to rats in single doses of 160, 50 and 16 mg/kg on D7 of gestation. A known teratogen, dexon, at dosages of 1.5, 2 and 3 mg/kg/d×7 was used as positive control. Pregnant rats were sacrificed on D20 and fetuses were subjected to teratological investigation. The results showed that Primaquine octylamide at all dosages exerted no effect on the body-weight of the pregnant rats, the rate of normal fetus, fetal resorption and embryonic growth. Neither altered appearance nor dysmorphosis of viscera and skelaton was noted in all the test groups. It is presumed that when rats were given the maximum dose of primaquine octylamide (= 26×clinical dose) no embryotoxicity was observed under the present experimental conditions.

MICROFILARIAL PERIODICITY OF WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI AND BRVGIA MALAYI IN SICHUAN

1985, 3(3):  203-205. 

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This paper reported on the periodicity of microfilariae in the blood of 53 cases with bancroftian filariasis and 21 cases with malayan filariasis in various parts of Sichuan Province. The periodicity indices of the mf. of W. bancrofti and B. malayi were 103.85% and 112.08%, respectively. The best estimate of the peak hour was 1:06 a.m. in patients with bancroftian filariasis and 1:18 a.m. in patients with malayan filariasis. It was demonstrated that the mf. of both W. bancrofti and B. malayi in Sichuan exhibited typical nocturnal periodicity.

THREE HUMAN CASES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION WITH RHABDITIS

1985, 3(3):  206-208. 

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From 1967 to 1982, 3 human cases of urinary tract infection with Rhabditis sp. were detected in the suburb of Shanghai and the City of Anyang, Henan Province. These patients, involving one boy, one man and one woman of 10, 28 and 49 years old respectively, complained chyluria, haematuria and/or edema of the lower extremities. Results of routine urine examinations showed turbidity, and presence of RBC,WBC and epithelial cells. These findings suggested some kind of inflamatory process existing in the upper urinary tract. Free living larvae and nearly mature worms of Rhabditis sp. were found in all cases in the urine sediments. After treatment with santonin or pyrantel combined with mebendazole, the patients showed parasitologlcal cure and symptomatic relief, indicating that the infection of rhabiditoid nematode might be the causative agent of the renal abnormalities. Human cases recognized as due to Rhabditidae nematode in urine so far reported in China are reviewed.

SURVEYS ON FILARIASIS PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMS AND PHYSICAL SIGNS IN TENGXIAN COUNTY WITH FILARIASIS BASICALLY ERADICATED

1985, 3(3):  209-211. 

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Tengxian County was a hyperendemic area of bancroftian filariasis, with a micro-filaria rate of 25.3% in the population before control measures were taken, and it has now dropped to 0.17% as a result of repeated treatments and DEC medicated salt administration to 1.4 million inhabitants.In 1983, a total of 1,355 patients with clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis were found in different parts of this county, including 172 cases of elephantiasis, 698 with hydrocele, 411 with chyluria and others. Among the 172 elephantiasis patients, 169(98.3%) were old cases, only 3 newly occurred cases(I stage). Most of the hydrocele cases were mild. The incidence of chyluria raised significantly in late years, its cause being discussed.