Abstract: Since the end of 1960's, Guidong County in Hunan has been an endemic area of tertian malaria with Anopheles hyrcanus sinensis as transmission vector. The annual in cidence has been controlled under the level of 1/10,000 since 1973. In 1974,the parasite rate of inhabitants was 0.28 per thousand, showing that the county was at the final stage of malaria eradication. A surveillance programme was launched to eradicate malaria from 1977 to 1983. Under the leadership of Party Committees and Governments at all levels, professional contingent was instructed (1) to carry out blood examinations of all febril patients and IFAT to search for remnant source of infection, with special emphasis on migrating population; (2) to prevent the transmission by strict surveillance of former infection foci and survey on the changes of the main vector of malaria transmission and (3) to organize joint prevention team, to enlarge the protective zones. In 1983, onlyone positive case was recorded from 14,584 febril patients among local inhabitants and none from 288 febril cases among immigrants.