Table of Content

30 August 1997, Volume 15 Issue 4

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论著

IMMUNOSCREENING OF c DNA CLONESEXPRESSING PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM ANTIGEN BY USING DIFFERENT ANTIBODIES

WangYanni**;XieYi;XiaoGutian;LiMing;BiHuixiang;ChaoSui;WangPing;LiYingjie

1997, 15(4):  193-197. 

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AIM:To screen c DNA genes of Plasmodium falciparum(FCC/HN) and to make pre-
liminary identification.METHODS:8× 1 0 5 recombinants of Plasmodium falciparum cDNA library
were screened using rabbit immune sera in dot- ELISA;the strong- positive clones were screened
again using Mc Abs and sera from patients.Seventeenth strong- postive clones were preliminarily
identitified by PCR.RESULTS:Fifty- eight positive clones including1 7 strong- positive ones were
identified by immune sera of rabbits;eleven positive clones including 8 strong-positive ones were identified by sera of 9 patients. Nine clones were reacted with 11 strain s of 9McAbs. The inserts of 17 strong-positive clones were specifically amplified by PCR; their size ranged from ca. 300 bp-2. 5 kb. CONCLUSION: cDNA clones exp ressing F.falciparum antigen proteins were screened and would react with immune sera of rabbits, McAbs and sera of falciparum malaria patients.

FIRST MAMMOMONOGAMUSLARYNGEUSINFECTION CASE OCCURRED IN SHANGHAI

QuFengyi

1997, 15(4):  198-200. 

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AIM:To diagnose a patient with clinical symptoms of fever,cough and asthma.ME-
THODS:The sputum of the patient was subjected to microscopic examination,and the clini- cal
pictures of the patientwas analysed.RESULTS:The red blood- like substance in the spu- tum was
preliminarily defined as parasitic nematodes.Species identification indicated that they were a
pair of Mammomonogamus laryngeusadult worms in copulation. The patient had obvious signs and
symptoms of respiratory tract infection and eosinophilia of peripheral blood. Detection of the worms or eggs is the main base for diagnosis. CONCLUSION: It is the first record of human Mammomonogamus laryngeus infection in China.

EFFECT OF PRAZIQUANTEL TREATMENT ON IMMUNOPATHOLOGY IN MICE INFECTED WITH SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

ShiGuangfeng;XuZhaoyue;WengXinhua;FuChiMaJinyu;ZhangJingsheng

1997, 15(4):  201-204. 

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AIM:To elucidate the effect of praziquantel treatment on immunopathology in host
in- fected with Schistosoma japonicum.METHOD:Employing immunohistochemical technique and profile
analytical technique,the authors observed the changes of antigen (soluble egg antigen,SEA) and
antibody level as well as granuloma in the liver of mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum
following praziquantel treatment.RESULTS:It was found that the number of adultworms in the
treated group was reduced by98.3per centas compared to the control group , the mean weight and volume of livers were all lesssened (P < 0. 05) at the 5th week after treatment. In cured mice, there was a significant decrease in number of egg nodules located on liver surface; the ova in the liver tissue were all calcified and some egg nodular foci became scar tissue. It was noted that the SEA level in liver tissue of the treated group decreased or even disappeared, but the antibody level showed no change; the average diameter and area of egg granuloma were significantly reduced (P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: Praziquantel treatment could lower the SEA level in the liver tissue, and thereby inhibit the egg granuloma formation, but it could not alter the antibody level, likewise, could not reverse the egg granulomatous changes already formed

OBSERVATION ON FINE STRUCTURESOF ECHINOCHASMUS LILIPUTANUSTEGUMENT BY SCANNING ELECTRONMICROSCOPY

WuWeiduo;XiaoXiang;LuDabing;WangTianping;XuFuniu;ChengXiaoling

1997, 15(4):  205-207. 

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AIM:To observe the fine structures of tegument of Echinochasmus liliputanus.
METHODS:Adult worms of E.liliputanus obtained from dogs experimentally infected with
metacercariae of the worm were observed by scanning electronmicroscopy. RESULTS: Almost the
whole body surface of the parasite is covered with shell- like spines exceptthat of the head
collar,ventral sucker and posterior part of the body.The spines arranged in scrow rows are
basically in the same sizes and shapes,but the intervals between them increase gradually from the anterior to the posterior part of the body. Three types of sensory papillae are found on the body surface, i. e. , one with sensory hairs and two without sensory hairs. The sensory papillae with sensory hairs are widely distributed on the surface of the oral sucker, head collar, and anterior two third of the body. On the acetabulum located 32 protruded papillae without sensory hairs. The three types of papillae are also present on the oral sucker. Of the three types of papillae, those with sensory hairs are the most abundant ones throughrut the entire tegument of the worm. CONCLUSION: The ultrastructural characteristics of the tegument of E. liliputanus are considered to be related to the evolutional adaptation to its parasitic environment,which may be taken as one of the bases in taxonomic studies.

REDUCTION OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM INFECTION IN AN ENDEMIC AREA IN ISLET WITH EMBANKMENT AFTER PROPHYLAXISWITH ORAL ARTEMETHER THROUGHOUT THE TRANSMISSION SEASON

TianZiying;XiaoShuhua;XiaoJunwen;ZhouYincai;LiuDeshan;ZhengJiang;ChenMinggang;QuGuishun;ZhangXiaoyun;YaoXiaoming;ZhangXianzhong;ZhangDelin;WangGexian

1997, 15(4):  208-211. 

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AIM:To study the prophylactic effect of oral artemether on protecting people from
Schistosoma japonicum infection in an endemic area located in an islet with embankment.
METHODS:789villagers aged 5 - 6 0 years were allocated randomly to artemether (Art) and the
control group by pairing method. The egg- positive rates in Art group and the control group were
comparable (2 9.5 % vs 2 9.2 % ) . The firstdose of artemether 6 mg/ kg was given in the first
ten- day of June to the villagers who had contacted the infested-water within 15 days, followed by repeated dosing once every 15 days for 9 times. The villagers in the control group were treated with placebo concurrently. Fecal examination was made for the 2 groups one month after the last medication for evaluation of preventive effect. RESULTS: In artemether group 5 out of 290 villagers who had completed 9 times of medication showed egg-positive with an infection rate of 1. 7% , while in the control group , 82 out of 305 were positive with an infection rate of 26. 9%. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The villagers in the schistosomiasis endemic area, an islet with embankment, were protected from superinfection of S. japonicum by administering artemether throughout the whole transmission season.

OBSERVATION ON THE EFFECT OF ARTEMETHER ON CONTROLLING SCHISTOSOMIASISJAPONICA IN AN ENDEMIC AREA OF MARSHLAND

XuMingsheng;XiaoShuhua;SongQiu;TaoChengguo;XiaChanggen;WangHao;ChenMinggang;ZhengJiang;BuChinhe;HuFuyan;OuNeng;ZhangXinsheng

1997, 15(4):  212-215. 

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AIM:To study the prophylactic effectof artemether againstinfection caused by
Schistosoma japonicum,in an endemic area of marshlands.METHODS:From April to November, 1996,2 villages in Tangtian township of Guichi City,Anhui Province were selected as the pilot site.A
total of 920 villagers aged 6 - 6 5 years were selected as subjects and allocated randomly to
artemether group and the control group by pairing method.About 2 0 days before artemether
prevention stool examination was carried out for the villagers of both groups, which was followed by treatment of all the examinees with praziquantel at a single do e of 40- 50 mg/kg. In artemether group , an initial do se of 6mg/kg was given in the last ten-day period of May, pursued by repeated dosing once every 15 days for 10 times. Placebo (starch) 6 mg/kg was given to villagers in the control group simultaneously. The preventive efficacy was evaluated by stool examination 4 weeks after the last medication. RESULTS: In artemether group no egg positive case (0/433) was seen, while in the control group 40 villagers were revealed egg-positive with an infection rate of 8. 8% (40/452). Furthermore, 1 case of acute schistosomiasis was present in the control group , but none in artemether group. No apparent changes in hepatic and renal functions, reticulocyte count or electrocardiograph was evidenced after completion of artemether administrartion. CONCLUSION: In hyper-endemic area of schistosomiasis in marsh lands, artemether 6 mg/kg given orally once every 15 days to villagers throughout the whole transmission season resulted in promising protection, that the drug could prevent them from schistosome infection. The study provides an effective measure for planning new strategies to be used in schistosomsis control.

RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM OF DNA OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM AMONG VARIOUSSTRAINSIN CHINA AND YAMANASHI

XieMi;HeYixun;QiuLizhu;ChenWei

1997, 15(4):  216-219. 

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AIM:In order to understand the characteristics of various isolates of Schistosoma
japonicum in China,restriction fragment length polymorphism of DNA(RFLP) of these worm isolates
were analyzed and compared with S.japonicum from Yamanashi of Japan. METHODS:PSM889was used as
probe to hybridize the genomic DNA of male worms from 9different localities ie.Yunan (Y) ,Sichun
(S) ,Guangxi (G) ,Hubei (B) ,Hunan (N) , Jiangxi(J) ,Anhui(A) ,Taiwan(T) of China and Yamanashi
of Japan(JP) .RESULTS: The 4 major bands of hybridization of DNA digested by EcoR1 were basically the same among the localities from the mainland of China, while their minor bands showed some differences. However, the DNA hybridization pattern of S. japonicum from Taiwan and Yamanashi of Japan not only numerically differed in minor bands but also in major bands. There were 3 major bands for isolate from Taiwan and 5 major bands for isolate from Yamanashi, Japan. CONCLUSION: There are genitic variations among various isolates of S.japonicum in China and that in Yamanashi, J pan, and the degree of genetic variation is more obvious for isolate from Taiwan than that in other provinces

CLINICAL EVALUATION ON DETECTION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIESIN SERA IN DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS

ZhangXinghu;QiuMingde;ZhaoHailong

1997, 15(4):  220-223. 

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AIM:To assess clinical value of detecting specific antibodies in sera by using
ELISA in diagnsis of neurocysticercosis.METHODS:Specific antibodies to cysticerci were examined
with ELISA in2 82 suspected neurocyticercosis cases having been experienced initial CT scan-
ning. All cases were further subjected to either of the following procedures:contrast en- hanced
CT,MR,CSF assay,surgery,anticysticercous therapy.For confirmed cysticercosis cases,albendazole2
0 mg/ (kg·d)× 1 0 was administered.RESULTS:Eighty-nine (31. 6% )persons were defined definitely as neurocysticercosis cases. The specificity and sensitivity of serum /ELISA for diagnosis of neurocysticercosis were 89. 1% and 69. 7% , respectively; and of CSF/ELISA , 8/8 and 8/20 (cases). The pathological aspects of the disease including location and number and duration of cysticerci would affect positive rate and intensity of serum/ELISA. The cytological changes in CSF revealed a significant correlation with CSF/ELISA results (P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: ELISA used in detecting specific antibodies in patients’ sera is a promising supplementary tool in diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. It can be used to screen the disease in endemic area. Combined use of CT/MR and serum/EL ISA may make the diagnosis more accurate and reliable

EFFECT OF ALPHAMETHRIN ON PROTEIN CONTENT, PROTEINASE AND CARBOXYLESTERASE ACTIVITIESIN LARVAE OF ANOPHELES ANTHROPOPHAGUS AND ANOPHELESSTEPHENSI

LiFengwu;ZhuYing;ChenPeihui;LiuErxiang

1997, 15(4):  224-227. 

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AIM:To study the mechanism of the cidal effect of alphamethrin (fendona) against mosquitoes.METHODS:The third instar larvae of Anopheles anthropophagus and Anopheles stephensi were treated with0 .6 97nmol/L and1 .393nmol/L of fendona,respectively.The fourth instar larvae were collected.The protein content,proteinase and carboxylesterase ac- tivities in the fourth instar larvae were determined by spectrophotometric methods.RESULTS:When compared with the control groups,the protein content was increased and the specific activities of proteinase and carboxylesterase were reduced in the treatcd groups, the difference being markedly significant (P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: The result showed that fendona remarkably influenced the protein content and activities of proteinase and carboxylesterase in the larvae of An. anthropophagus and An. stephensi.

SURVEY OF MIXED INFECTIONSOF ECHINOCHASMUS FUJIANENSIS AND OTHER FOUR SPECIES OF FISH-BORNE TREMATODES

ChengYouzhu;XuGoufang;GuoZhongfu;FengZhenhai;XuXianrang;ZhenGoubing;ZhengHaiyoug;FangYanyan;LinJinxiang

1997, 15(4):  228-232. 

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AIM:To seek the possible existence of mixed infections of Echinochasmus fujianensis and other fish- borne trematodes.METHODS:Kato- Katz s method and sedimentation proce- dures were used to observe parasite ova in stool.Adult worms were expelled from infected persons after medication and obtained from definitive animal hosts upon dissection.Metacer- cariae of trematodes were detected from gills,muscles and some other tissues of fish after pressing them between two slides and examined under microscopy.RESULTS: Five species of trematodes were found, including Echinochasmus fujianensis, Clonorchis sinensis E. japonicus, Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus taiwanense. The overall infection rate in the population was 4. 6% (81/1 774). 33.7% of the the infected persons were contracted with 2 or 3 species of the trematoes. Eleven species of fishes comprising Pseudorasbora parva were identified as the second in termediate hosts, with an average positive rate of 49.1% (169/344). Metacercariae of different species were found to parasitize different parts of fishbody. Dog, cat, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus losea were detected to be the reservoir hosts, the total infection rate being 53.5% (23/43). CONCLUSION: There are 5 major species of fish-borne trematodes which may cause mixed infections in the study regions. Actually, infections of these trematodes in situ are more prominent in animals. This is the first report on human infection of Haplorchis pumilio in our country.

实验报道

EXPRESSION OF THE SECOND REGION OF MEROZOITE SURFACE ANTIGEN-1 OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN E.COLI

LiMing;XieYi;LiYingjie;RenDaming;BiHuixiang

1997, 15(4):  233-237. 

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AIM:To observe high efficientexpression of the second region of merozoite surface
antigen- 1 (MSA1 - R2 ) in E.Coli for further biological studies. METHODS:Gene encoding MSA1 -
R2 of a Chinese isolate of P.falciparum was recovered from a recombinant sequencing vector M13- MSA1 R2 and cloned into p WR- 4 5 0 I,a vector for expression of fusion protein with β-
galactosidase.The recombinant vectors were transferred into E.Coli and identified by PCR and
restriction enzyme digestion. The transformed bacteria bearing pWR-MSA1R2 plasmids were induced by IPTG for production of fusion proteins. The expressed products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, β- galactosidase activity, dot-ELISA and Western blot. RESULTS: pWR-MSA1R2 transformed bacteria produced the desired fusion proteins with a relative molecular weight of 70 kDa, representing 35% - 40% of the total bacterial proteins. The expressed protein exhibited a strong reaction with an timalarial antibodies as detected by dot-ELISA with immune sera obtained from rabbits immunized with P.falciparum. When the products were blotted with the same antisera, specific bands of 70 kDa representing MSA1R2-galactosidase fusion proteins were identified, while the products from the same bacteria without IPTG induction failed to react with the antisera. CONCLUSION: pWR450-E. Coli expression system may be used for high efficient expression of some malarial glycoprotein antigens, with satisfactory immunological activities.

DYNAMIC CHANGESOF CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE AND CYTOKINESIN MICE VACCINATED WITH UV -ATTENUATED CERCARIAE OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

LuFangli*;ShiYouen;LiYonglong;HanJiajun;WuShaoting**

1997, 15(4):  238-242. 

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AIM:To detect the protective effect of cellular immunity induced by schistosomal
vaccine.METHODS:Mice were vaccinated with300 UV- attenuated cercariae or infected with 25
cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum. The spleen cells and peritoneal exudate macrophages (Mφ)
were stimulated in vitro with parasitic antigen(SWAP and SEA) or mitogen(ConA or LPS) at wk2,4,8 and 12, and the dynamic changes of splenic T cell proliferation and activity of interlukin-1 (IL- 1 ) production by Mφand activity of IL- 2 production by splenic T cells were observed. RESULTS: T lymphocyte proliferation in response to SWAP or SEA was significantly enhanced in both groups at wk 2 - 8 post-vaccination or post-infection, and markedly depressed at wk 12. The activity of I-1 and IL-2 elicited by SWAP or SEA in vaccinated group peaked at wk 4 and declined thereafter. In the infected group , SWAP triggered IL-1 and IL-2 production peaked at wk 8- 12 and wk 12 respectively. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the cellular immune response ( including T lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production) might play an important role in protective immunity to S.japonicum.

INFLUENCE OF SEED OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS( L) O.KUNTZE ON THE TEGUMENT OF SOFT TISSUESOF ONCOMELANIA HUPENSIS

WangGenfa;ShenBinggui;WangJie;SongGengming

1997, 15(4):  243-245. 

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AIM:To observe the lesion of tegument of Oncomelania snails treated with seed of
Camellia Sinensis(SCS) .METHODS:Using scanning electron microscopy for observation of damage in
the tegument of normal and infected Oncomelania snails treated with SCS.RESULTS:Tegument of
head in drug treated snail showed serious damage and deformity.Part of snail foot was thickened
and wrinkled,infiltrated with numerous cells.Fine and soft microfilament tissue in the lateral
border of mantle in normal Oncomelania snails were demonstrated. After exposure to the drug, normal tissue of mantle was destroyed. The visceral sac at liver site in infected snail showed severe damage (Figs. 1- 14). CONCLUSION: The tegument of soft tissues of Oncomelania hupensis would be damaged by SCS.

流行病学调查

PILOT STUDY ON CONTAMINATION OF SOIL WITH ASCARID EGG AND OTHER PARASITESIN RURAL AREASOF THREE SOUTHERN PROVINCESIN CHINA

XuLongqi;NorijiSuzuki;JiangZexiao;FengZheng;ChenPulin;Zhou Changhai;ZhuXianzu;DingXiaoming;ChenHejian;GuoMignzhang;LuPing

1997, 15(4):  246-250. 

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AIM:To further survey contamination of soil with ascarid eggs and other para- sites
in and surrounding peasant’s dwellings in rural areas in south of Changjiang River.METH-
ODS:Three counties in the South of Changjiang River basin,i.e. Duyun of Guizhou Province,
Nanchuan of Sichuan Province and Yuyao of Zhejiang Province were selected as pilot spots.In each
pilot county,twenty households ( 7sites for each) were surveyed and one middle and prima- ry
school of each county as well as 2 vegetable markets and 2 meat markets were also included. Eggs were isolated from soil with 5% NaOH, centrifuged and floated with saturated magnesium sulfate solution and examinated under microscope. RESULTS: The number of ascarid eggs was highest in Duyun (1 622. 5/10 g) , fo llowed successively by Nanchuan (1 099. 2/10 g) and Yuyao( 149. 0/10 g). Among the 7 sites contamination was higest at toilet, the number of ascarid eggs took 64. 4% of the total, which was consecutively followed by livestock pen (9. 3% ), courtyard (7. 3% ), kitchen (7. 2% ), th reshold (6. 5% ), sitting room (3. 1% ) and bedroom (2. 7% ). Besides, eggs of Trichuris trichiura, Capillaria hepatica, Toxocara canis, Strongy loides sp. , Hymenolepis diminuta, oocyst of Eimeria sp. were also detected. CONCLUSION: A scarid egg contamination is most serious in rural areas of South China. Suggestion is made to strengthen night soil disposal, health education as well as rat control.