Morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis for adult Histiostoma feroniarum

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.03.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To observe the morphological characteristics of adult Histiostoma feroniarum under the electron microscope, and to study the genetic relationship between this species and other mite species of Acaridae. Methods The adult stage of H. feroniarum was isolated from the culture, and its external morphological features were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), followed by extracting the mite DNA, for amplifying the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) by PCR. The ITS and cox1 gene was sequenced and compared with the other 8 Acaridae species in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by the maximum likelihood method. Results Under the electron microscope, the ventral epidermal protrusions of the mites were more developed. The epidermal protrusions of foot I healed into the chest plate, and the epidermal protrusions of foot Ⅱ extended to the centre and were not connected. There were 2 pairs of chitinous rings on the ventral surface, and the male adults were located between the Ⅱ-Ⅳ basal ganglia. The first pair of chitin rings of the female mite was located between the foot Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and the last pair of chitin rings were located at the level of the foot Ⅳ basal ganglia. Compared with the light microscope, the structures of male reproductive folds, leaflets and penis were clearer under the electron microscope. The cox1 and ITS sequences were obtained by PCR amplification, which was 539 bp and 1 633 bp. The ITS sequence similarity comparison results showed that the sequence similarity between H. feroniarum and Blomia tropicalis (GenBank accession no. KC215362) was the highest, which was at 90.41%, and the sequence similarity with other Acaridae species was 83.33%-89.73%. The cox1 sequence alignment showed that the highest sequence similarity was 83.55% between H. feroniarum and Lepidoglyphus destructor (GenBank accession no. MT075728), and the sequence similarity with other Acaridae species ranged from 79.78%-82.12%. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on ITS and cox1 sequences has differences in topological structure. showing that H. feroniarum is a single branch, but not at the same branch of other Acaridae species, which is likely consistent with morphological classification. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS showed that H. feroniarum and Rhizoglyphus robini were clustered as a branch, which differs from morphological classification. Conclusion The morphological structure of male and female H. feroniarum could be clearly observed by scanning electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis of cox1 sequence reveals relatively distant genetic relationship seen between the H. feroniarum and other acaroid mites.

Key words: Histiostoma feroniarum, Scanning electron microscopy, External morphology, Phylogeny

CLC Number:

R384.429

TANG Feifan, JIANG Feng, WANG Meiqing, WANG Lan, CAO Jiacheng, XIA Yuting, WANG Jingxuan, TANG Liqing, ZHAN Xiaodong. Morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis for adult Histiostoma feroniarum[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(3): 344-348.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

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References 18

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科 Family	属 Genera	种 Species	GenBank登录号 GenBank accession no.
科 Family	属 Genera	种 Species	ITS	cox1
薄口螨科 Histiostomidae	薄口螨属 Histiostoma	速生薄口螨 Histiostoma feroniarum	OP113839	-
粉螨科 Acaridae	食酪螨属 Tyrophagus	腐食酪螨 Tyrophagus putrescentiae	MN545441	MK3937921
粉螨科 Acaridae	食酪螨属 Tyrophagus	长食酪螨 Tyrophagus longior	KC215312	NC_028725
粉螨科 Acaridae	食粉螨属 Aleuroglyphus	椭圆食粉螨 Aleuroglyphus ovatus	KJ841895	NC_023778
粉螨科 Acaridae	根螨属 Rhizoglyphus	罗宾根螨 Rhizoglyphus robini	DQ372568	NC_038058
麦食螨科 Pyroglyphidae	尘螨属 Dermatophagoides	粉尘螨 Dermatophagoides farinae	KC215332	GQ465336
麦食螨科 Pyroglyphidae	尘螨属 Dermatophagoides	屋尘螨 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus	MK589428	EU884425
食甜螨科 Glycyphagidae	无爪螨属 Blomia	热带无爪螨 Blomia tropicalis	KC215362	NC_062515
食甜螨科 Glycyphagidae	嗜鳞螨属 Lepidoglyphus	害嗜鳞螨 Lepidoglyphus destructor	KC215381	MT075728
叶螨科 Tetranychidae	叶螨属 Tetranychus	二斑叶螨 Tetranychus urticae	HM565890	EU345430