Advances in molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia

Abstract

Abstract:

The infections of Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia cause diarrhea mainly and even death in severe cases. Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are emerging infectious diseases and the important public health problems that have been neglected and the disease burden is often underestimated. Recently developed molecular biology techniques have played important roles in the detection, genotyping and traceability of these parasitic protozoans. In this paper, the molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia is reviewed in order to provide information for the better prevention and control of these infections.

Key words: Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, Genotyping, Molecular epidemiology, Diarrhea

CLC Number:

Ning XU, Jian-hai YIN, Yu-juan SHEN, Hua LIU, Jian-ping CAO. Advances in molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2018, 36(6): 661-666.

References 61

[1]	曹建平, 沈玉娟, 官亚宜, 等. WS/T 487-2016 隐孢子虫病的诊断[S]. 北京: 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会, 2016.
[2]	Checkley W, White AC, Jaganath D, et al. A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for Cryptosporidium[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2015, 15(1): 85-94.
[3]	Torgerson PR, Devleesschauwer B, Praet N, et al. World Health Organization estimates of the global and regional disease burden of 11 foodborne parasitic diseases, 2010: A Data Synthesis[J]. PLoS Med, 2015, 12(12): e1001920.
[4]	Al-Mekhlafi HM, Al-Maktari MT, Jani R, et al. Burden of Giardia duodenalis infection and its adverse effects on growth of schoolchildren in rural Malaysia[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2013, 7(10): e2516.
[5]	Assefa S, Erko B, Medhin G, et al. Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to HIV/AIDS status, diarrhea and CD4+ T-cell count[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2009, 9: 155.
[6]	滕雪娇, 陈家旭, 田利光. HIV/AIDS患者合并肠道原虫感染状况[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2017(6): 607-614.
[7]	Wanyiri JW, Kanyi H, Maina S, et al. Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS patients in Kenya: clinical features, epidemiology, molecular characterization and antibody responses[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2014, 91(2): 319-328.
[8]	孙涛, 刘维, 王菊花, 等. 合肥地区奶牛源隐孢子虫的分离与鉴定[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2011, 29(6): 447-452.
[9]	崔彬, 菅复春, 宁长申, 等. 隐孢子虫和羊隐孢子虫病的研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2009, 27(4):14-356.
[10]	Tellevik MG, Moyo SJ, Blomberg B, et al. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among young children with and without diarrhea in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2015, 9(10): e0004125.
[11]	McKerr C, Adak GK, Nichols G, et al. An outbreak of Cryptosporidium parvum across England & Scotland associated with consumption of fresh pre-cut salad leaves, May 2012[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(5): e0125955.
[12]	Clavel A, Arnal AC, Sánchez EC, et al. Respiratory crypto-sporidiosis: case series and review of the literature[J]. Infection, 1996, 24(5): 341-346.
[13]	Mor SM, Tumwine JK, Ndeezi G, et al. Respiratory cryptosp-oridiosis in HIV-seronegative children in Uganda: potential for respiratory transmission[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2010, 50(10): 1366-1372.
[14]	Laxer MA, Timblin BK, Patel RJ.DNA sequences for the specific detection of Cryptosporidium parvum by the polymerase chain reaction[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1991, 45(6): 688-694.
[15]	李发武, 向选东. 人体隐孢子虫病分子流行病学研究进展[J]. 中国人兽共患病杂志, 2004, 20(8): 704-706.
[16]	Stensvold CR, Elwin K, Winiecka-Krusnell J, et al. Development and application of a gp60-based typing assay for Cryptosporidium viatorum[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2015, 53(6): 1891-1897.
[17]	Fletcher SM, Stark D, Harkness J, et al. Enteric protozoa in the developed world: a public health perspective[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2012, 25(3): 420-449.
[18]	Nsagha DS, Njunda AL, Assob NJ, et al. Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to CD4+ T cell counts and diarrhea in HIV/AIDS patients with or without antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2015, 16(1): 9.
[19]	刘晓洁, 毛铁波, 吴鹏, 等. 武汉市腹泻婴幼儿隐孢子虫感染的分子流行病学调查[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2017, 29(2): 188-191.
[20]	郭杰, 何艳群, 焦炳欣, 等. HIV/AIDS慢性腹泻患者149例隐孢子虫感染分析[J]. 中国皮肤性病学杂志, 2011, 25(11): 868-870.
[21]	王尊付, 蒋智华, 于冰雪, 等. 广西HIV/AIDS患者合并感染隐孢子虫现况及基因分型初步研究[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2016, 28(5): 550-553.
[22]	杨子吟, 曹建平, 沈玉娟, 等. 几种新现人体隐孢子虫种和基因型流行现状[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2017, 33(2): 148-155.
[23]	Ukwah BN, Ezeonu IM, Ezeonu CT, et al. Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in diarrheal children and HIV-infected persons in Ebonyi and Nsukka, Nigeria[J]. J Infect Dev Ctries, 2017, 11(2): 173-179.
[24]	Helmy YA, Krücken J, Nöckler K, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in livestock animals and humans in the Ismailia province of Egypt[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2013, 193(1-3): 15-24.
[25]	Guyot K, Follet-Dumoulin A, Lelievre E, et al. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates obtained from humans in France[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2001, 39(10): 3472-3480.
[26]	Navarro-I-Martinez L, da Silva AJ, Llovo Taboada J, et al. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated in humans in two different locations in Spain[J]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 2013, 31(8): 506-510.
[27]	Jiang Y, Ren J, Yuan Z, et al. Cryptosporidium andersoni as a novel predominant Cryptosporidium species in outpatients with diarrhea in Jiangsu Province, China[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2014, 14: 555.
[28]	Liu H, Shen Y, Yin J, et al. Prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium, Enterocytozoon, Giardia and Cyclospora in diarrheal outpatients in China[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2014, 14: 25.
[29]	Izadi M, Jonaidi-Jafari N, Saburi A, et al. Cryptosporidiosis in Iranian farm workers and their household members: a hypothesis about possible zoonotic transmission[J]. J Trop Med, 2014, 2014: 405875.
[30]	Wegayehu T, Karim R, Anberber M, et al. Prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium species in dairy calves in central Ethiopia[J]. PLoS OneE, 2016, 11(5): e0154647.
[31]	Zhao W, Wang R, Zhang W, et al. MLST subtypes and population genetic structure of Cryptosporidium andersoni from dairy cattle and beef cattle in northeastern China’s Heilongjiang Province[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(7): e102006.
[32]	Tzanidakis N, Sotiraki S, Claerebout E, et al. Occurrence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in sheep and goats reared under dairy husbandry systems in Greece[J]. Parasite, 2014, 21: 45.
[33]	Díaz P, Quílez J, Robinson G, et al. Identification of Cryptosporidium xiaoi in diarrhoeic goat kids (Capra hircus) in Spain[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2010, 172(1-2): 132-134.
[34]	Imre K, Luca C, Costache M, et al. Zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum in Romanian newborn lambs (Ovis aries)[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2013, 191(1-2): 119-122.
[35]	Shen Y, Yin J, Yuan Z, et al. The identification of the Cryptosporidium ubiquitum in pre-weaned ovines from Aba Tibetan and Qiang autonomous prefecture in China[J]. Biomed Environ Sci, 2011, 24(3): 315-320.
[36]	Helmy YA, Krücken J, Abdelwhab EM, et al. Molecular diagnosis and characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in turkeys and chickens in Germany reveals evidence for previously undetected parasite species[J]. PLoS One, 2017, 12(6): e0177150.
[37]	Kassouha M, Soukkarieh C, Alkhaled A.First genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned calves, broiler chickens and children in Syria by PCR-RFLP analysis[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2016, 225: 86-90.
[38]	Wang R, Jian F, Sun Y, et al. Large-scale survey of Cryptosporidium spp. in chickens and Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in Henan, China: prevalence and molecular characterization[J]. Avian Pathol, 2010, 39(6): 447-451.
[39]	Kuhn RC, Rock CM, Oshima KH.Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wild ducks along the Rio Grande river valley in southern new Mexico[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2002, 68(1): 161-165.
[40]	Li J, Wang H, Wang R, et al. Giardia duodenalis infections in humans and other animals in China[J]. Front Microbiol, 2017, 8: 2004.
[41]	王中全, 崔晶. 贾第虫病流行病学研究进展[J]. 国际医学寄生虫病杂志, 2005, 32(3): 99-105.
[42]	Feng Y, Xiao L.Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2011, 24(1): 110-140.
[43]	王斌, 沈玉娟, 刘华, 等. 多位点基因分型用于蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫遗传多样性的研究进展[J]. 国际医学寄生虫病杂志, 2015, 42(1): 40-43.
[44]	Geurden T, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E.Is Giardia a significant pathogen in production animals[J]. Exp Parasitol, 2010, 124(1): 98-106.
[45]	Damitie M, Mekonnen Z, Getahun T, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in humans in Southern Ethiopia: a triosephosphate isomerase gene-targeted analysis[J]. Infect Dis Poverty, 2018, 7(1): 17.
[46]	庞杏林, 陈守义, 高凯, 等. HIV/AIDS合并感染机会性致病原虫血清流行病学分析[J]. 热带医学杂志, 2015, 15(10): 1425-1428, 1438.
[47]	Kasaei R, Carmena D, Jelowdar A, et al. Molecular genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in children from Behbahan, southwestern Iran[J]. Parasitol Res, 2018, 117(5): 1425-1431.
[48]	Lass A, Karanis P, Korzeniewski K.First detection and genotyping of Giardia intestinalis in stool samples collected from children in Ghazni Province, eastern Afghanistan and evaluation of the PCR assay in formalin-fixed specimens[J]. Parasitol Res, 2017, 116(8): 2255-2264.
[49]	Faria CP, Zanini GM, Dias GS, et al. Associations of Giardia lamblia assemblages with HIV infections and symptomatology: HIV virus and assemblage B were they born to each other[J]. Acta Trop, 2017, 172: 80-85.
[50]	Zahedi A, Field D, Ryan U.Molecular typing of Giardia duodenalis in humans in Queensland-first report of Assemblage E[J]. Parasitology, 2017, 144(9): 1154-1161.
[51]	Sprong H, Cacciò SM, van der Giessen JW, et al. Identification of zoonotic genotypes of Giardia duodenalis[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2009, 3(12): e558.
[52]	Jian Y, Zhang X, Li X, et al. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis in cattle and sheep from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA), northwestern China[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2018, 250: 40-44.
[53]	Wang H, Zhao G, Chen G, et al. Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Henan, China[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(6): e100453.
[54]	Wang H, Qi M, Zhang K, et al. Prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolated from sheep in Henan Province, central China[J]. Infect Genet Evol, 2016, 39: 330-335.
[55]	Zhang W, Zhang X, Wang R, et al. Genetic characterizations of Giardia duodenalis in sheep and goats in Heilongjiang Province, China and possibility of zoonotic transmission[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2012, 6(9): e1826.
[56]	顾有方, 汪凯, 刘德义, 等. 宠物犬蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫感染的分子检测[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2015, 33(5): 7-362.
[57]	Nguyen ST, Fukuda Y, Nguyen DT, et al. Prevalence, genotyping and risk factors of Giardia duodenalis from dogs in Vietnam[J]. J Vet Med Sci, 2018, 80(1): 92-97.
[58]	Xu H, Jin Y, Wu W, et al. Genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats in Shanghai, China[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2016, 9: 121.
[59]	Deng L, Luo R, Liu H, et al. First identification and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in pet chipmunks (Eutamias asiaticus) in Sichuan Province, southwestern China[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2018, 11(1): 199.
[60]	Lasek-Nesselquist E, Welch DM, Sogin ML.The identification of a new Giardia duodenalis assemblage in marine vertebrates and a preliminary analysis of G. duodenalis population biology in marine systems[J]. Int J Parasitol, 2010, 40(9): 1063-1074.
[61]	张小萍, 何艳燕, 朱倩, 等. 上海市饮用水和环境水中隐孢子虫和蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫污染状况调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2010, 28(6): 435-438.