Prevalence of echinococcosis in Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To determine the endemic status and prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Tacheng endemic area. Methods Residents with age of 6 years old and above were randomly selected from 6 cities or counties (Tacheng, Wusu, Emin, Shawan, Tuoli, Yumin and Hefeng) in Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, for the epidemiological investigation of echinococcosis during 2015-2017. The participants were examined with abdominal ultrasound, sera were collected for detecting anti-E. granulosus IgG by ELISA. The fecal samples of dog were collected to detect E. granulosus antigen using double antibody ELISA. The infection of E. granulosus in livestock was determined by examining cystic hydatid in the viscera of slaughtered livestock sheep. The prevalence of E. granulosus in human, dog and livestock in these areas was statistically analyzed. Results The general prevalence of hydatid disease in Tacheng residents was 0.25% (912/277 615) during 2015-2017, with an increasing trend year by year [0.15% (131/84 882) in 2015, 0.23% (238/101 509) in 2016 and 0.34% (314/91 224) in 2017] with statistical difference by year (P < 0.05). All 7 investigated cities or counties were endemic with E. granulosus, with highest prevalence in Hefeng (0.56%, 65/11 606) with statistical difference compared to other endemic areas（P < 0.01）. There was no statistical difference on the prevalence of E. granulosus between males (0.24%, 345/141 584） and females (0.25%, 338/136 031）(P > 0.05）. Participants of 50-59 years-old showed the highest infection rate of 0.35%(113/31 843) with statistical difference to other age groups (P < 0.01). Farmers had the highest infection rate (0.41%, 365/88 411) with statistic difference to other occupations (P < 0.01). Totally 18 560 serum samples were collected from children for antibody test and 190 were positive for anti-E. granulosus IgG with a positive rate of 1.02%, and showing an increasing trend yearly [0.60% (49/8 167) in 2015, 0.71% (43/6 034) in 2016 and 2.24% (98/4 359） in 2017] (P < 0.01). Children in Hefeng had the highest serological IgG positive rate of 3.16%（60/1 900）compared to other areas（P < 0.01）. Total 34 343 dog fecal samples were examined for E. granulosus antigen with a positive rate of 1.04% (356/34 343). The highest rate of fecal antigen was identified in 2016 (1.71%, 206/11 824） compared to other years （P < 0.01）. The dog fecal antigen was identified in all areas with highest rate in Hefeng (3.16%, 98/3 100）(P < 0.01）. 4 008 sheep were examined for cystic hydatid with an average positive rate of 1.05% (42/4 008), with the highest rate in 2015 (1.67%, 30/1 800）(P < 0.01). Conclusion The infection of E. granulosus remains low prevalent in Tacheng Prefecture, but shows an increasing trend from 2015 to 2017 based on the infection rate in residents, antibody positive rate in children and the antigen positive rate in dog fecal sample.

Key words: Echinococcosis, Prevalence, Investigation, Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang

CLC Number:

R532.32

Adalaiti·Tuoliuhan, Mangeguli·Hatimulati, Ahelijiang·Kayiduola, Halinuer·Rexiti, Ajiguli·Rehemutu, Qin-yan WANG, Xi-ling DANG, Abulaiti·Abudoukailimu. Prevalence of echinococcosis in Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2018, 36(6): 565-570.

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1

Region and population distribution of hydatidosis in Tacheng, 2015-2017

特征 Feature	2015年Year 2015			2016年Year 2016			2017年Year 2017			合计Total
特征 Feature	检查人数No. exam′d	检出人数No. patient	检出率/%Prevalence/%	检查人数No. exam′d	检出人数No. patient	检出率/%Prevalence/%	检查人数No. exam′d	检出人数No. patient	检出率/%Prevalence/%	检查人数No. exam′d	检出人数No. patient	检出率/%Prevalence/%
县（市） County(City)
塔城市 Tacheng	14 379	16	0.11	17 195	35	0.2	15 453	36	0.23	47 027	87	0.19
乌苏市 Wusu	16 307	13	0.08	19 499	24	0.12	17 523	35	0.19	53 329	72	0.13
额敏县 Emin	26 153	32	0.12	31 273	72	0.23	28 105	97	0.35	85 531	201	0.23
沙湾县 Shawan	9 098	14	0.15	10 880	7	0.06	9 778	40	0.41	29 756	61	0.2
托里县 Tuoli	9 769	18	0.18	11 684	58	0.49	10 501	63	0.6	31 954	139	0.43
裕民县 Yumin	5 628	23	0.41	6 733	20	0.29	6 051	15	0.25	18 412	58	0.32
和丰县 Hefeng	3 548	15	0.42	4 245	22	0.51	3 813	28	0.73	11 606	65	0.56
小计Subtotal	84 882	131	0.15	101 509	238	0.23	91 224	314	0.34	277 615	683	0.25
性别Gender
男Male	43 288	66	0.15	51 771	121	0.23	46 525	158	0.34	141 584	345	0.24
女Female	41 594	65	0.16	49 738	117	0.24	44 699	156	0.35	136 031	338	0.25
小计Subtotal	84 882	131	0.15	101 509	238	0.23	91 224	314	0.34	277 615	683	0.25
年龄/岁 Age/Year
≤ 9	8 895	10	0.11	10 638	18	0.17	9 561	23	0.24	29 094	51	0.18
10~19	9 201	6	0.07	11 003	13	0.12	9 889	29	0.29	30 093	48	0.16
20~29	10 126	17	0.17	12 111	20	0.17	10 882	41	0.38	33 119	78	0.24
30~39	14 081	32	0.23	16 841	47	0.28	15 134	74	0.49	46 056	153	0.33
40~49	20 983	32	0.15	25 092	47	0.19	22 551	70	0.31	68 626	149	0.22
50~59	9 736	25	0.26	11 643	45	0.39	10 464	43	0.41	31 843	113	0.35
60~69	6 469	7	0.11	7 734	26	0.34	6 951	25	0.36	21 154	58	0.27
70~79	4 602	2	0.04	5 501	20	0.36	4 944	7	0.14	15 047	29	0.19
≥ 80	789	0	0	946	2	0.21	848	2	0.24	2 583	4	0.15
小计Subtotal	84 882	131	0.15	101 509	238	0.23	91 224	314	0.34	277 615	683	0.25
职业 Occupation
儿童Children	6 911	6	0.09	8 265	7	0.08	7 428	13	0.18	22 604	26	0.12
学生Students	12 579	10	0.08	15 043	24	0.16	13 517	35	0.26	41 139	69	0.17
干部Cadre	2 318	5	0.22	2 772	5	0.18	2 493	3	0.12	7 583	13	0.17
农民Farimers	27 032	61	0.23	32 328	128	0.4	29 051	176	0.61	88 411	365	0.41
牧民Herdsmen	9 362	21	0.22	11 193	23	0.21	10 061	37	0.37	30 616	81	0.26
工人Workers	4 301	6	0.14	5 143	5	0.1	4 621	10	0.22	14 065	21	0.15
离退人员 Retired	5 631	7	0.12	6 734	10	0.15	6 052	9	0.15	18 417	26	0.14
待业 Unemployed	11 595	12	0.1	13 869	26	0.19	12 464	23	0.18	37 928	61	0.16
其他Others	5 153	3	0.06	6 162	10	0.16	5 537	8	0.14	16 852	21	0.12
小计Subtotal	84 882	131	0.15	101 509	238	0.23	91 224	314	0.34	277 615	683	0.25

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

References 11

[1]	王国强, 于竞进, 王宇, 等. 中国疾病预防控制60年[M]. 北京: 人口出版社, 2015: 319-322.
[2]	伍卫平, 王虎, 王谦, 等. 2012-2016年中国棘球蚴病抽样调查分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(1): 1-14.
[3]	阿达来提·托留汉. 2010-2014年塔城地区包虫病疫情分析[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2015, 30(5): 84-85.
[4]	中华人民共和国卫生部. WS257-2006 包虫病诊断标准[S].北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2006.
[5]	侯岩岩, 赵江山. 新疆6~12岁学生包虫病血清学调查分析[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2014, 29(6): 4-5,12.
[6]	贾怀妙, 刘成刚, 师茂林, 等. 2005-2014年新疆石河子垦区人群包虫病流行病学分析[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2016, 31(2): 15-17.
[7]	马晓斌, 唐丹华, 裴红, 等. 甘肃省漳县包虫病流行病学调查[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2016, 31(6): 35-37.
[8]	阿帕克孜·麦麦提, 张壮志, 阿合买提·买买提, 等. 新疆裕民县包虫病防治知识与相关行为调查[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2014, 29(6): 1-3.
[9]	赵江山, 侯岩岩, 茹孜古丽, 等. 不同生产方式条件下新疆家犬细粒棘球绦虫感染情况调查[J].疾病预防控制通报, 2014, 29(6): 40-41.
[10]	努斯来提, 马力克, 王文, 等. 新疆家畜棘球蚴病感染情况调查[J]. 草食家畜, 2010, 31(3): 80-83.
[11]	王春江. 包虫病的流行过程、症状及危害[J]. 兽医导刊,2011, 9(6): 24-25.

县（市） County(City)	2015年Year 2015			2016年Year 2016			2017年Year 2017			合计Total
县（市） County(City)	血清样品份数No.serum samples	抗体阳性份数No.positives	抗体阳性率/% Positive rate/%	血清样品份数No.serum samples	抗体阳性份数No.positives	抗体阳性率/% Positive rate/%	血清样品份数No.serum samples	抗体阳性份数No.positives	抗体阳性率/% Positive rate/%	血清样品份数No.serum samples	抗体阳性份数No.positives	抗体阳性率/%Positive rate/%
塔城市Tacheng	1 000	12	1.20	717	2	0.28	700	0	0.00	2 417	14	0.58
乌苏市Wusu	1 589	5	0.30	703	1	0.14	749	9	1.20	3 041	15	0.49
额敏县Emin	2 278	10	0.44	1 914	16	0.84	700	16	2.86	4 472	29	0.65
沙湾县Shawan	1 500	10	0.67	750	1	0.13	670	1	0.15	2 620	12	0.46
托里县Tuoli	600	9	1.66	650	2	0.31	665	14	2.11	1 910	23	1.20
裕民县 Yumin	600	1	0.00	650	18	2.77	650	18	2.77	1 900	37	1.95
和丰县Hefeng	600	2	0.33	650	3	0.46	650	55	8.46	1 900	60	3.16
合计Total	8 167	49	0.60	6 034	43	0.71	4 784	113	2.36	18 260	190	1.04

县（市）County(City)	2015年Year 2015			2016年Year 2016			2017年Year 2017			合计Total
县（市）County(City)	检查犬粪样数/份No. exam′d	粪抗原阳样数/份No. positives	阳性率/%Positive rate/%	检查犬粪样数/份No. exam′d	粪抗原阳性数/份No. positives	阳性率/%Positive rate/%	检查犬粪样数/份No. exam′d	粪抗原阳性数/份No. positives	阳性率/%Positive rate/%	检查犬粪样数/份No. exam′d	粪抗原阳性数/份No. positives	阳性率/%Positive rate/%
塔城市Tacheng	2 200	4	0.18	1 800	48	2.67	1 690	11	0.65	5 690	63	1.11
乌苏市Wusu	794	0	0.00	1 824	2	0.11	1 525	10	0.66	4 143	12	0.29
额敏县Emin	2 300	13	0.56	2 000	43	2.15	1 600	14	0.88	5 900	70	1.19
沙湾县Shawan	2 300	3	0.13	1 800	8	0.44	1 610	1	0.06	5 710	12	0.21
托里县Tuoli	1 600	3	0.19	1 600	8	0.05	1 720	7	0.41	4 800	17	0.35
裕民县 Yumin	1 800	8	0.44	1 600	44	2.75	1 600	32	0.20	5 000	84	1.68
和丰县Hefeng	700	3	0.43	1 200	53	4.42	1 200	42	0.35	3 100	98	3.16
合计Total	11 694	34	0.29	11 824	206	1.74	10 945	117	1.07	34 343	356	1.04

[1]	MAIMAITIJIANG Umar, YALIKUN Maimaitiyiming, SHI Guangzhong, AYIXIAMU Keyoumu, ZHAO Jiangshan. Epidemiological and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang, 2005-2022 [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2024, 42(3): 332-339.
[2]	WANG Xu, WANG Ying, LIU Baixue, ZHANG Kaige, DENG Xueying, SHEN Yujuan, WANG Zhenghuan, CAO Jianping, HAN Shuai. A brief cognitive and historical overview of Echinococcus and echinococcosis [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2024, 42(3): 372-383.
[3]	ZULIPIKAER Tuersunniyazi, JIANG Tiemin, WEN Hao. A case of multiple intraperitoneal cystic echinococcosis complicated with chest wall involvement [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2024, 42(3): 424-426.
[4]	LIU Zehang, ZHANG Xiaojuan, YANG Guobing, LEI Jiaxi, LIU Baixue, WANG Ying, WANG Zhiyi, WANG Dong, FENG Yu, WANG Liying. Assessment of the quality of life of patients with echinococcosis in Gansu Province pre- and post-surgery based on the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2024, 42(2): 182-190.
[5]	KUI Yan, XUE Chuizhao, WANG Xu, LIU Baixue, WANG Ying, WANG Liying, YANG Shijie, HAN Shuai, XU Xuenian. Progress of echinococcosis control in China, 2022 [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2024, 42(1): 8-16.
[6]	LI Chunyan, ZHANG Fuyan, SHI Peng, TIAN Fengyuan. Analysis of imported malaria epidemic in Zigong City of Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2023 [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2024, 42(1): 129-133.
[7]	LI Fengshi, ZHAO Shanshan, TAN Wenbo, WURELIHAZI Hazihan, GU Xinli, WANG Suwen, LIU Gang, WANG Yuanzhi. The molecular biology of Ixodes canisuga and morphology of male ticks on the red fox body surface in Xinjiang [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(6): 739-743.
[8]	LI Benfu, YANG Jing, YANG Jinyu, LUO Ruijuan, ZHU Binlin, CHEN Tailin, ZHANG Lijuan, LI Xueyao, YAN Xinliu, ZI Jinrong, PENG Jia, WANG Zhengqing, LI Jianxiong, CAI Xuan, XU Qian, WU Fangwei, YANG Yaming. Epidemiological investigation and case retrospective analysis of echinococcosis in Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(5): 573-578.
[9]	NI Bixian, XU Xiangzhen, ZHANG Qiang, TANG Feng, ZHANG Jiayao, MAO Fanzhen, DAI Yang, LIU Yaobao, CAO Jun. Epidemiological characteristics of echinococcosis cases reported in the National Notifiable Disease Report System in Jiangsu Province, 2015—2022 [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(5): 636-639.
[10]	CAI Zhanghuang, ZHANG Zhiping, ZHUO Mingying, GUO Liping, FU Zhihui, LIU Yiruo. Trematode egg internal transcribed space-2 sequence based analysis for diagnosis of Opisthorchis viverrin and Opisthorchis sinensis infections [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(4): 427-433.
[11]	FENG Xiaoxiao, BAIMA Yangjin, ZHANG Ting, LU Haojie, WEI Liming. Applied research of serum IgG sialylation modification in the diagnosis of hepatic echinococcosis [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(4): 434-439.
[12]	ZHANG Juan, TAO Hong, LI Yanzhong, WANG Tingting, YANG Jingjing, XIANG Yibin, CHEN Yishan, ZHOU Xiaomei. Survey on Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in common snails in Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2022 [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(4): 464-469.
[13]	ZHU Aiya, WANG Xu, WANG Jiangyou, WANG Ying, LI Yang, SONG Shan, GENG Yan, LAN Ziyao, DAI Jiarui. A child case of alveolar echinococcosis in Guizhou Province [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(4): 520-523.
[14]	RAOWAN Tuolehong, ABUDUSALAMU Abulikemu, YANG Lingfei, CHEN Lu, LI Zhao, JIA Fang, SONG Tao. Effect evaluation and factor analysis of ultrasonic manifestations in the diagnosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(3): 312-318.
[15]	WANG Wei, CAI Huixia. Surveillance of echinococcosis in Qinghai Province in 2020 [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(3): 319-324.