Abstract: Objective To interpret genetic variation and population structure of Anopheles dirus A and D from China by molecular marker. Methods Samples included An. dirus A of Hainan laboratory colony （n=13）， and field specimen from Mengla （n=17） and Jiangcheng （n=17） in Yunnan Province. The specimens were identified by PCR assay before study. mtDNA-COⅠ region was amplified and sequenced. Genetic variation and population structure was estimated according to sequence data. Results The mtDNA-COⅠ gene with a length of 959 bp was analyzed. There were three haplotypes in An. dirus A and six haplotypes in An. dirus D. The above haplotypes distributed in three populations unif-ormly. The average number of pairwise differences within Mengla population （7.441 2） was greater than that of Jiangcheng （1.279 4） and Hainan （1.051 3） populations， which suggested that the level of genetic divergence was the highest within Mengla population. The result of hierarchical AMOVA estimation showed a limited geneflow （Fst＝0.799 9）， therefore the variation level in a population （20.01%） was smaller than among the populations （79.99%）. Conclusion The inter-specific genetic variation between An. dirus A and D in China was small and the level of divergence among individuals was high.

Key words: Anopheles dirus s. l., mtDNA-COⅠ, Population genetic