Table of Content

30 October 2007, Volume 25 Issue 5

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论著

Cloning, Expression of Schistosoma japonicum Elastase Gene and its Stage-specific Transcription

HUANGCheng-yu;LUYan;WANGWei;JUChuan;FENGZheng;YANGZhong;WANGSheng-yue;HUWei

2007, 25(5):  1-363. 

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Objective To clone， express and purify Schistosoma japonicum elastase-2b gene（SjCE-2b）， and analyze its stage-specific transcription. and expression. Methods The coding sequence of the Sj gene was predicted, and a phylogenetic tree of Sj elastase was drawn. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to investigate the differential transcription and expression of SjCE-2b gene during the developmental stages. The SjCE-2b gene obtained by RT-PCR was subcloned into pET28b， and expressed in E.coli （rSjCE-2b）. The expressed protein was purified with His·Tag affinity chromatography. Western blotting was used to investigate the immunogenicity. Results RT-PCR showed specific bands in sporocysts， eggs and adult worms， while Western blot showed that the recombinant protein（rSjCE-2b） existed only in cercariae and sporosysts， with Mr 31 000. The expression vector of SjCE-2b/pET28b was constructed and expressed in E.coli. The recombinant protein rSjCE-2b was specifically recognized by the S. japonicum-infected rabbit serum. Conclusion The transcript of S.japonicum elastase-2b gene was found in sporocysts， eggs and adult worms， and this gene might be a potential candidate for vaccine, for drug and diagnosis target.

Investigation on the Nematode of Hysterothylacium aduncum（Anisakidae） from Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea in China

LILiang;XUZhen;ZHANGLu-ping

2007, 25(5):  2-367. 

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Objective To investigate Hysterothylacium aduncum （Anisakidae） infection in marine fishes from Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Methods Nematodes were collected from the digestive tract of fishes， fixed with hot 4% formalin and preserved in 70% ethanol for study. The specimens were cleared in lactophenol for light microscopical examination， and properly treated for scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Results Among the fishes examined， 14 out of 93 species （15.1%） were found infected by H.aduncum， with a higher prevalence in the fish of Lophius litulon（66.7%）， Scomber-omorus niphonius（47.5%）， and Gadus macrocephalus（33.3%）. H.aduncum infection was first recorded in elasmobranch-Raja smirnovi. Morphological differences of H.aduncum were observed， including the width of lateral alae and the length of intestinal caecum. Conclusion H.aduncum in fishes of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea in China may be a complex species， and its high prevalence in some fishes reminds the risk of anisakiasis by eating raw fishes.

Genetic Variation of Anopheles dirus A and D （Diptera：Culicidae）in China： Inferred by mtDNA-COⅠ Gene Sequences

WANGDong;MAYa-jun;ZHOUHong-ning

2007, 25(5):  3-371. 

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Objective To interpret genetic variation and population structure of Anopheles dirus A and D from China by molecular marker. Methods Samples included An. dirus A of Hainan laboratory colony （n=13）， and field specimen from Mengla （n=17） and Jiangcheng （n=17） in Yunnan Province. The specimens were identified by PCR assay before study. mtDNA-COⅠ region was amplified and sequenced. Genetic variation and population structure was estimated according to sequence data. Results The mtDNA-COⅠ gene with a length of 959 bp was analyzed. There were three haplotypes in An. dirus A and six haplotypes in An. dirus D. The above haplotypes distributed in three populations unif-ormly. The average number of pairwise differences within Mengla population （7.441 2） was greater than that of Jiangcheng （1.279 4） and Hainan （1.051 3） populations， which suggested that the level of genetic divergence was the highest within Mengla population. The result of hierarchical AMOVA estimation showed a limited geneflow （Fst＝0.799 9）， therefore the variation level in a population （20.01%） was smaller than among the populations （79.99%）. Conclusion The inter-specific genetic variation between An. dirus A and D in China was small and the level of divergence among individuals was high.

Clinical Observation on 899 Children Infected with Intestinal Nematodesand Treated with Tribendimidine Enteric Coated Tablets

IAOShu-hua;WUZhong-xing;ZHANGJian-hui;WANGShan-qing;WANGShi-hai;QIUDong-chuan;WANGChong

2007, 25(5):  4-375. 

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tribendimidine in treatment of children with hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides infections. Methods An open and multi-center clinical trial was conducted in the provinces of Hainan， Sichuan and Guizhou. 899 children aged 4-14 years were enrolled in the study. Hookworm， A. lumbircoides or other helminth infections were diagnosed by improved Kato-Katz method. All the patients were treated orally with tribendimidine enteric coated tablet at a single dose of 200 mg. The efficacy was evaluated by stool examination 3-4 weeks post treatment. Results The cure rate and effective rate of the children with hookworm infection were 82.0%（433/528） and 99.2%（524/528）， respectively， while in children with A.lumbricoides infection， they were 95.0%（576/639） and 99.8%（637/639）， respectively. The efficacy of tribendimidine enteric coated tablet given to the children with Trichuris trichiura infection at a single dose of 200 mg was 36.8%（112/304）. The adverse effect induced by tribendimidine， such as dizziness， nausea and vomiting， was light and transient with an adverse effect rate of 1.6% （14/899）. No apparent impact was seen on the blood and urine routine examination， hepatic and renal function as well as ECG examination. Conclusion Tri-bendimidine given at a single dose of 200 mg exhibits lower adverse effect rate and potential efficacy in the treatment of children with hookworm and A.lumbricoides infections.

Construction of a Yeast Model for Screening Aedes albopictus Ecdysone Agonist Pesticides

GUJin-bao;SUNYan-tao;PENGHong-juan

2007, 25(5):  5-380. 

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Objective To reconstitute a transactivation system in yeast （yeast model） for screening the pesticides acting on ecdysone metabolism route and eventually influencing the process of ecdysis. Methods The fragment of 5 times repeated EcRE from Drosophila melanogaster was synthesized and the HSP27 promoter from D. melanogaster genome was amplified with PCR. The two sequences were connected and followed by a reporting gene——green fluorescence protein(GFP) gene. The EcRE-HSP27 promoter-GFP fragment was inserted into the expression plasmid pPIC3.5 and integrated into the yeast chromosome to construct yeast A. EcR and USP coding sequences of Aedes albopictus were synthesized, and these two fragments were inserted into Pichia pastoris expression plasmid pGAPZ as two respective reading frames. The two reading frames were integrated into Pichia pastoris chromosome in another recombinant site（pGAPZ and pPIC3.5k share different recombinant sites while being integrated into Pichia pastoris yeast chromosome). EcR and USP were constituted and expressed in the yeast. This recombinant yeast was called yeast B. The model yeast was thus constructed. A known ecdysone agonist-tebufenozide was used to test the yeast model. The effect of tebufenozide on the model yeast was observed under fluorescent microscope. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to test the transcrip-tion level of GFP in the tebufenozide affected yeast and the control. Results In the model yeast， the intracellular expressed EcR and USP constituted EcR/USP heterodimer interacting with EcRE， the expression of GFP was activated， and green fluorescence was observed in model yeast under fluorescent microscope. Tebufenozide affected model yeast showed less fluorescence in comparison to the control model yeast， indicating that the transcription of GFP was suppressed by tubufenozide. Yeast housekeeping gene Actin-1 was used as inner control， semi-quantitative RT-PCR was operated and the result was scanned. The ratio of the brightness of GFP to Actin-1 was calculated automatically， and that of tubufenozide added yeast and the control yeast was 0.614 and 1.134 respectively. This result showed a low transcription level of GFP in tebufenozide affected model yeast， comparing to that of the control. Conclusion The ecdysone-related transacting system in yeast has been constructed， and the model yeast can be used to screen the ecdysone agonists which can act on the ecdysone metabolic route.

Suppression of Schistosoma japonicum Eggs on TNBS-induced Colitis in Mice

MOHong-mei;LIUWen-qi;LEIJia-hui;CHENGYu-li;WANGCheng-zu;LIYong-long

2007, 25(5):  6-384. 

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Objective To study the suppression of Schistosoma japonicum eggs against the trinitrobenzene sulfo-nic acid （TNBS）-induced colitis in mice. Methods 50 female BALB/c mice （6-8 week-old） were randomly divided into normal control group， ethanol control group， schistosome egg immunized control group， TNBS-induced colitis group and TNBS-induced colitis with egg immunization group. In TNBS-induced colitis with egg immunization group， mice were immunized 4 times with 10 000 schistosome eggs by intraperitoneal injection with one-week interval. On day 6 after the last immunization the mice were induced by TNBS and the body weight， histological change on colon and level of cytokines of mice were observed in egg-immunized and -unimmunized colitis mice. Results The unimmunized mice developed significant inflammation in colon with bloody mucus feces and decreased body weight after TNBS induction. Distinct hyperemia， edema and transmural inflammatory infiltration accompanied with ulceration were shown in colon. The level of IFN-γ was （3.47±0.87） ng/ml and IL-4 was （146.06±45.76） pg/ml. However， in egg-immunized mice， the inflammation was suppressed greatly and the body weight recovered soon after TNBS induction. The production of IL-4 was enhanced to （598.50±135.90） pg/ml， and IFN-γ was significantly diminished to （1.53±0.51） ng/ml. Conclusion S. japonicum eggs protect mice from colitis induced by TNBS.

Potential Impact of Water Transfer Project from Yangtze to River Huaihe River on Snail Spread and Schistosomiasis Transmission

CAOZhi-guo;WANGTian-ping;WUWei-duo;ZHANGShi-qing;LVDa-bing;FANGGuo-ren;ZHAOFeng;LINGXian-sheng;SHAJian-jun;WANGFeng-feng;ZHULei

2007, 25(5):  7-389. 

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Objective To investigate the possibility of spread of snails and transmission of schistosomiasis japonica due to the construction of water transfer project from Yangtze River to Huaihe River. Methods In order to understand the current endemic situation of schistosomiasis in the project area， the distribution of snails was surveyed by routine methods， level of anti-schistosome antibody in human sera was detected by indirect haemagglutination test （IHA）， and the prevalence of schistosomiasis in cattle was detected by egg hatching method. The snail survival and reproduction were observed in Chaohu Lake area（experimental area） and a control area for one year. Results Snail density was high in two starting points， from where the water in Yangtze River will be directed to Huaihe River. In counties of Wuwei and Hexian, through which the project will be built， the positive rate of anti-schistosome antibody in residents was 22.11%（168/760） and 18.59%（37/199）， schistosomiasis prevalence in cattle was 2.42%（9/371）和0.2%（2/997）, respec-tively. Schistosomiasis was also endemic in Juchao District of Chaohu City. Snails respectively from grassland and hilly area were collected and put in Chaohu Lake for breed and newborn snails were found one year later. During the egg-laying season， the survival rate of snails from grassland in 2 experiment areas and a control area was 11.3%-16.7%, 3.0%-20.8% and 4.7%-14.7% respectively（χ² =0.093，0.760，P＞0.05； χ² =0.647，0，P＞0.05），and that of snails from hilly area was 24.1%-44.4%, 37.8%-67.3% and 86.3%-93.1% respectively （χ² =9.575，5.302，P＜0.05；χ² =56.863，36.218，P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference between the experimental area and the control area on the number of eggs in the ovaries of the same type female snails. Conclusion The one-year observation reveals that the construction of the project might result in spread of snails and transmission of schistosomiasis japonica in the relevant areas.

实验研究

Cloning and Expression of the F0-ATP Synthase b Chain ofClonorchis sinensis and Immunogenicity Identificationof the Recombinant Protein

ZHOUHong-juan;HUXu-chu;HUFeng-yu;XUJing;MAChang-ling;ZHENGXiao-ling;CHENXiao-xiang;YUXin-bing

2007, 25(5):  8-393. 

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Objective To clone and express the Clonorchis sinensis F₀-ATP synthase b chain （CsF₀-ATP-synt_B） gene and analyze immunogenicity of the recombinant protein. Methods The coding region F₀-ATP synthase b chain gene with the mitochondrial targeting sequence （MTS） removed was amplified with PCR using the cloned plasmid as template， and the product was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a（+）， transformed into E.coli BL21（DE3） and induced with IPTG. The expressed product was purified by Ni-IDA affinity chromatography，and analyzed by SDS-PAGE for its expression and identified by Western blotting for its immunogenicity. Results The coding sequence of the F₀-ATP synthase b-chain like gene removed off the MTS contains 813 base pairs encoding 271 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 31 171.9. PCR， double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing confirmed that the recombinant plasmid pET-28a（+）-CsF0-ATP-synt_B was constructed successfully， and the resoluble expression was obtained in E.coli BL21. Highly purified recombinant protein was prepared through affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein could be recognized by the immune serum of the SD rat immunized with the recombinant protein. Conclusion The CsF₀-ATP-synt_B like gene has been efficiently expressed in prokaryotic expression system with immunogenicity.

Gray Sequence Analysis of Ecological Factors in Relation to Tyrophagus putrescentiae

TAOLi;LIChao-pin

2007, 25(5):  9-396. 

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Objective To make gray sequence analysis of the ecological factors to the population fluctuation of Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Methods Samples of T.putrescentiae and its natural enemy were collected， examined and counted in every ten days， relative humidity and temperature were recorded simultaneously. Data were analyzed by gray sequence analysis. Results The population of T.putrescentiae in the wheat warehouse reached peaks in late June and mid-September respectively， and that of the predatory mites showed a following efficiency. The gray sequence of the eco-logical factors to the larvae of T.putrescentiae was temperature＞natural enemy＞relative humidity; to the nymphs and adults, it was relative humidity＞natural enemy＞temperature; and to the population, it was relative humidity＞temperature＞natural enemy. Conclusion Relative humidity， temperature and natural enemy were important ecological factors affecting the population dynamic of T.putrescentiae, and the prevalence curve of T.putrescentiae shows a bimodal pattern.

Preparation and Identification of Immune Serum againstRecombinant Fusion Protein of Rhoptry 2 andMajor Surface Protein 1 from Toxoplasma gondii

LIWen-shu;ZHUShan-li;WANGPeng-fei;ZHANGLi-fang;MINTai-shan;HUANGWei-da

2007, 25(5):  10-400. 

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Objective To prepare and identify immune serum against the recombinant fusion protein of rhoptry 2 （ROP2） and major surface protein 1（P30） from Toxoplasma gondii. Methods The constructed recombinant plasmid of pET28b/ROP2-P30 was transformed to a bacterium BL21-Codon Plus（DE3）-RIL strain and was expressed under IPTG induction. Cells were lysed by multiple rounds of sonication to obtain supernatant and inclusion body respectively. The inclusion body was washed with 2 mol/L and 4 mol/L urea to remove the nonspecific protein. The washed products diss-olved in 8 mol/L urea were received by SDS-PAGE. Two rabbits were immunized with the fusion protein rROP2-P30 and sera from the rabbits were collected. Immune diffusion test， indirect ELISA and Western-blot were used to detect anti-body titer and specificity of the immune serum against rROP2-P30. Results Immune diffusion test demonstrated that specific immune serum were obtained. Indirect ELISA confirmed that the antibody titer in the serum reached 1:12 800 and the rROP2-P30 was recognized by specific IgG in this serum by Western-blot analysis. Conlusion Specific immune serum against the recombinant fusion protein rROP2-P30 has been prepared.

The Effect of Gossypol， Praziquantel and Artemether onRecombinant Lactate Dehydrogenase from Schistosoma japonicum

LVGang;HUXu-chu;HUANGCan;XIEHong-yan;XUJin;CHENShou-yi;WUZhong-dao;YUXin-bing

2007, 25(5):  11-405. 

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Objective To detect the effect of gossypol， praziquantel and artemether on activity of the recombinant lactate dehydrogenase of Schistosoma japonicum （rSjLDH）. Methods Effect of gossypol （0-0.10 mmol/L）， praziquantel （0-0.20 mmol/L） and artemether （0-0.10 mmol/L） on the enzymatic activity of rSjLDH was detected by spectrophotometric method in standard reaction system established before， same solvent of each reagent was used as control. Results were analyzed by SPSS13.0 software. Results Compared with the control， considerable inhibition for both reduction and ox-idation reactions catalyzed by rSjLDH was observed at 0.04 mmol/L of gossypol （P<0.01）. The enzyme activities of rSjLDH for reduction and oxidation reactions were inhibited by 91.3% and 89.1% respectively at 0.1 mmol/L of gossypol， com-pared with the control （P<0.01）. To praziquantel， enzymatic activity inhibition was observed at 0.02 mmol/L for oxidation reaction and at 0.06 mmol/L for reduction reaction （P<0.05）. At 0.2 mmol/L of praziquantel， enzymatic activities were inhibited by 83.8% for reduction reaction and 72.2% for oxidation reaction respectively， than that of the control （P<0.01）. No inhibition for both reduction and oxidation reactions was observed at 0.1 mmol/L of artemether， compared with that of the control （P>0.05）. Conclusion Gossypol and praziquantel show a high inhibition on rSjLDH. SjLDH may be one of the molecular targets of praziquantel.

Construction of Phage Display cDNA Library fromAdult Worms of Schistosoma japonicum

SUNYi;JIARen-chu;LIUJin-ming;YUANChun-xiu;SHIYao-jun;LUKe;FUZhi-qiang;SUNHuan;CAIYou-min;LINJiao-jiao

2007, 25(5):  12-410. 

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Objective To screen protective antigen genes and construct the T7 phage display library from adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum. Methods Total RNA was extracted from adult worms of S. japonicum by Trizol reagent and mRNA was isolated from the total RNA. The ds cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription using random primer. Directional EcoRⅠ/ HindⅢ linkers were ligated into the ends of ds cDNA and the ds cDNA was digested with EcoRⅠand HindⅢ， which resulted in ds cDNA with EcoRⅠand HindⅢ adhering ends. The digested ds cDNA fragments longer than 300 bp in length were fractionated and ligated into T7 Select 10-3b vector. After packaging in vitro， the T7 Select 10-3b vector was transformed into BLT5403 to construct the T7 phage display cDNA library. Plaque assay and PCR were used to evaluate the library. Seven known objective genes of S. japonicum were screened by PCR to detect the representation of the library. Result Primary library capacity was 4.98×10⁶ pfu， and the titer of amplified library was 3.85×10¹¹ pfu/mL. The PCR identification result of 96 clones picked at random showed that recombination rate was 93.8%， in which 95.6% inserted cDNA fragments were longer than 300 bp in length. All the seven known objective genes of S.japonicum were amplified from the library. Conclusion The T7 phage display library from adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum was constructed.

Study on Molluscicidal Effect of Chlorosalicylicamide

JINWei;DUJin-kui;YUANYi;WEIFeng-hua;LIUWei;WANGHui;LIGui-ling;XUXing-jian

2007, 25(5):  13-414. 

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Objective To observe the molluscicidal effect of chlorosalicylicamide on Oncomelania hupensis and toxicity on fishes. Methods Different concentrations of chlorosalicylicamide were prepared， and immersion and spraying methods were used to test its molluscicidal effect and toxicity to fishes. Niclosamide ethanolamine salt was used as control. Results Under water temperature of 28 ℃ with the dose of chlorosalicylicamide at 0.25 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L， the mortality rate of snails by immersion was 97.8% and 100% respectively after 48 h， and the LC₅₀ was 0.067 4 mg/L. While for niclosamide at the same doses， the mortality rate of snails was 22.2% and 66.7% respectively， and the LC₅₀ was 0.397 6 mg/L. With the concentration of 0.4 mg/L for 72 h， the fish death rate in chlorosalicylicamide and niclosamide was 50.0% and 100% respectively. Conclusion Chlorosalicylicamide shows a molluscicidal effect on Oncomelania snails and a lower toxicity to fishes than that of niclosamide.

Establishment and evaluation of Colloid Gold LabeledImmunochromatographic Strip Test for Rapid Diagnosis of Malaria

WANGJun-yun;SHIFeng;YANGYue-tao-GAOChun-hua;BAOYi-fang;TANGLin-hua

2007, 25(5):  14-418. 

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Objective To establish and evaluate a gold immunochromatographic strip test for detection and differentiation of Plasmodium vivax and P.falciporum. Methods　 The monoclonal antibodies, F4H12， G4C9 and D8F7， were conjugated with colloid gold as detecting reagent; monoclonal antibody B2G10 (against P.vivax/ P.faciporum） and D6A7 (only against P.falciporum） were immobilized on nitrocellulose in proper position. Blood samples from 107 febrile patients from endemic area of malaria and 17 patients with visceral leishmaniasis were used for evaluating the specificity. Blood samples of malaria patients (110 with P.vivax and 54 with P.falciparum） were used for evaluating the sensitivity. Results 5 samples out of 107 febrile patients and 17 patients with visceral leishmaniasis showed false positive reaction with a specificity of 96.0% (119/124）， all the 17 samples from patients with visceral leishmaniasis were negative. 164 blood samples of malaria patients showed a sensitivity of 92.3% (153/164）, 92.7%（102/110）and 94.4%（51/54） for patients infected with P.vivax or P.falciporum， respectively. Conclusion The immunochromatographic strip test based on antigen-capturing is a sensitive， specific， simple and rapid assay for malaria diagnosis.

综述

New Channels and Transporters as Anti-malaria Drug Targets

XUTao;ZHUHuai-min*

2007, 25(5):  15-421. 

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In order to get more nutrition from outside the erythrocyte， new channels were induced by malaria par-asite. These channels play an important role in physiology of the parasitized cell. They are of interest both as potential targets in their own right and as potential drug targeting routes capable of mediating the entry of cytotoxic drugs into the app-ropriate compartment of the infected cell. It is hoped that this new anti-malarial strategy will help to create a sustainable anti-malaria-drug-development portfolio for the treatment of malaria.

Current Status and Prospects on Candidate Vaccinesagainst Schistosoma japonicum

WENLi-yong;WUGuan-ling

2007, 25(5):  16-425. 

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Great progress has been made on vaccine research for schistosomiasis, including those on immune mec-hanism and Schistosoma genome which have made active effect to vaccine development. This paper reviews the progress on the candidate vaccine antigens including protein vaccine, DNA vaccine and multivalent vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum.

Research Progress on the Immunity of HepaticEchinococcosis in Human

LVHai-long;PENGXin-yu

2007, 25(5):  17-429. 

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This article reviews immunological research progress in cystic echinococcosis: the immunity to Echinoco-ccus granulosus infection， innate resistance， immune evasion mechanism. A better understanding for the immunology in human echinococcosis may help develop therapeutic and preventive agents.

研究简报

Diagnosis and Treatment of Lophomonas blattarum Infectionin 26 Patients with Bacterial Pneumonia

SHIYu-ling;LILin-hai;LIAOYang;LIXin-ni;HUANGXiao-yan;LIUJian;WANGYan;CAOCheng

2007, 25(5):  18-431. 

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The clinical features of Lophomonas blattarum infection in 26 patients with bacterial pneumonia were analyzed. Common manifestation included fever， cough and breathlessness. Computed tomography （CT） showed interstitial change and alveolar exudation. The parasites were found in sputum smear and from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）. Metronidazole was effectively used to cure the pulmonary infection of L.blattarum.

Prevalence of Mite Hypersensitivity in Children with Asthma

ZHAOShi-yong;WEIYi;LIXiao-bing;CHENJu-ping;BAOYun-guang;ZHANGJing

2007, 25(5):  19-433. 

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By skin prick test, three kinds of mite allergens （Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus， Dermatophagoides farinae， Blomia tropicalis） were tested in a group of asthma children in Jinhua area from Oct 2005 to Sep 2006. The pos-rate to allergen from D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae was 80.6% and 77.8% respectively, higher than that of Blomia tropicalis （61.1%） （χ²=21.39， P<0.05）. Cases positive to Blomia tropicalis allergen showed 100% and 95.9% positive reac-tion to D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae repectively. The results demonstrated that the important allergens for children′s asthma are from D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, while the Blomia tropicalis allergen is supposed to have cross-reactivity with the former two mite allergens.

Observation on the Ultrastructure of Liver Cells around Hydatid Cyst

ZHANGShi-jie;LVYou;SUNHong;YANGHong-qiang;PENGXin-yu

2007, 25(5):  20-436. 

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Liver tissues around hydatid from 8 patients with cystic echinococcosis were observed by transmission electron microscopy， normal hepatic tissues of 6 cases were used as control. The results demonstrated predominant atrophy and necrosis of hepatocytes. These changes seem to be the major hepatic lesion in cystic echinococcosis.

Effects of Fructus psoraleae and Brucea javanica on the Level ofIL-2 and NK cell in Rats Infected with Pneumocystis carinii

DAIXiao-dong;QINYuan-hua;ZHOUChang-hai;ZHENGLi-li;SHAOWei-jun;TAOLin;CUIYu

2007, 25(5):  21-438. 

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SD rat model of PCP was established by subcutaneous injection with dexamethasone. The treatment groups received Fructus psoraleae（FP， 10.0 mg/kg）， Brucea javanica（BJ， 1.2 mg/kg） and a mixture of the two Chinese herbs（FP 5mg/kg， BJ 0.6 mg/kg） respectively. By means of detecting the level of IL-2 in sera and NK cells in spleens， the effect of FP and BJ on the level of IL-2 and NK cells in rats with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia （PCP） was observed， with SMZco treatment group （TMP 50 mg/kg， SMZ 250 mg/kg） and groups of infected and normal rats as controls. Compared with the infected group， the level of IL-2（526.1±5.5） pg/ml and NK cells（27.1%±0.8%） significantly increased in the FP group（P<0.01）， followed by the FP/BJ combination group ［（314.7±6.7) pg/ml， 22.9%±0.9%）（P<0.05）］， and BJ group ［（285.4±6.1) pg/ml， 20.7%±1.0%）（P<0.05）］. Chinese herbs Fructus psoraleae and Brucea javanica show an immune regulatory action on the PCP rats.