Epidemiological characteristics of malaria and progress on its elimination in China in 2019

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.02.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Malaria epidemic data from 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (Taiwan region, Hong Kong and Macao not included) of China in 2019 were collected through the Malaria-specific Reporting System in the Information Network for Parasitic Diseases Control. The epidemiological characteristics of malaria and progress on its elimination were analyzed. In 2019, a total of 2 674 malaria cases were reported from 779 institutions in China, being 4 cases less than that reported in 2018(2 678 cases); 2 673 cases were reported as imported cases, and 1 case was malariae malaria with a long incubation. No indigenous cases were reported. The total reported cases included 2 487 Chinese cases (93.0%, 2 487/2 674) and 187 cases of foreign nationality (3.0%, 187/2 674); with a male-to-female ratio of 14.9 : 1, and a age distribution of mostly at 30-49 years (60.3%, 1 613/2 674). The reported cases comprised vivax malaria (10.8%, 289/2 674), falciparum malaria (72.9%, 1 950/2 674), malariae malaria (3.6%, 97/2 674), ovale malaria (11.1%, 298/2 674), mixed infections (1.3%, 35/2 674) and clinically diagnosed cases (0.2%, 5/2 674). The cases were reported from 29 provinces, with the top 5 provinces being Jiangsu (9.1%, 244/2 674), Shandong (8.5%, 228/2 674), Henan (8.5%, 227/2 674), Guangdong (7.7%, 206/2 674) and Sichuan (7.4%, 199/2 674), among them, 433 cases (16.2%, 433/2 674) were reported from 4 border provinces (Yunnan, Guangxi, Liaoning, Xinjiang). Totally 19 deaths (0.3%, 19/2 674) were reported from 11 provinces, increased by 171.4% compared to the 7 deaths in 2018. The 1-3-7 approach was implemented nationwide with good performance: all cases were reported within 24 hours after diagnosis, 97.9% (2 619/2 674) of them were investigated on epidemiology within 3 days, and 2 326 foci were identified, investigated and responded to within 7 days. In conclusion, no indigenous malaria cases have been reported since 2017, more efforts should be made to continuously strengthen surveillance and management for imported malaria and border malaria, thus to prevent from re-transmission, reduce the risk of death and consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination in the country.

Key words: China, Malaria, Elimination, Epidemiological characteristics

CLC Number:

R531.3

Li ZHANG, Jun FENG, Zhi-gui XIA, Shui-sen ZHOU. Epidemiological characteristics of malaria and progress on its elimination in China in 2019[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2020, 38(2): 133-138.

Figures/Tables 7

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References 11

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特征Feature	临床诊断病例 Clinically diagnosed cases	虫种分类Species classification					合计Total
特征Feature	临床诊断病例 Clinically diagnosed cases	间日疟原虫 P. vivax	恶性疟原虫 P. falciparum	三日疟原虫 P. malariae	卵形疟原虫 P. ovale	混合感染Mixed-infection	合计Total
国籍Nationality
中国籍Chinese	5	239	1 822	95	291	35	2 487
外国籍Foreigners	0	50	128	2	7	0	187
病例来源Infection source
境外输入病例Imported cases from abroad	5	289	1 950	96	298	35	2 673
长潜伏期病例Long incubation cases	0	0	0	1	0	0	1
合计Total	5	289	1 950	97	298	35	2 674

地区 District	临床诊断病例Clinically diagnosed cases	虫种分类Species classification					合计Total
地区 District	临床诊断病例Clinically diagnosed cases	间日疟原虫 P. vivax	恶性疟原虫 P. falciparum	卵形疟原虫 P. ovale	三日疟原虫 P. malariae	混合感染Mixed-infection	合计Total
非洲Africa
尼日利亚Nigeria	0	5	279	40	15	3	342
刚果（金） Democratic Republic of the Congo	0	1	288	31	12	3	335
科特迪瓦Cote d′Ivoire	0	1	181	21	2	3	208
几内亚Guinea	0	4	135	25	5	2	171
加纳Ghana	0	2	130	24	0	1	157
其他36个国家Other 36 Countries	5	59	928	151	61	19	1 223
亚洲Asia
缅甸Myanmar	0	171	1	1	0	0	173
巴基斯坦Pakistan	0	20	0	0	0	1	21
韩国South Korea	0	6	0	0	0	0	6
其他7个国家Other 7 Countries	0	10	4	4	1	1	20
南美洲South America
圭亚那Guyana	0	0	1	1	0	2	4
委内瑞拉Venezuela	0	2	0	0	0	0	2
巴西Brazil	0	0	1	0	0	0	1
大洋洲Oceania
巴布亚新几内亚 Papua New Guinea	0	8	2	0	0	0	10
合计 Total	5	289	1 950	298	96	35	2 673

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