我国西北部分地区蜱传梨形虫流行特征及遗传进化分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.01.012

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 79-84.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.01.012

我国西北部分地区蜱传梨形虫流行特征及遗传进化分析

肖芳雨¹^,²()(), 罗金¹^,^*()(), 段德勇², 朱艳敏¹, 刁沛文¹, 黄伟霞¹, 张瑜¹, 王君红¹^,³, 任巧云¹, 关贵全¹, 殷宏¹^,⁴, 刘光远¹

¹ 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所，动物疫病防控全国重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730046
² 湖南农业大学动物医学院，湖南长沙 410128
³ 甘肃农业大学动物医学院，甘肃兰州 730070
⁴ 江苏高校动物重要疫病与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心，扬州大学，江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2025-08-03 修回日期:2026-01-05 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-02-26
通讯作者: * 罗金 (ORCID：0000-0003-4768-5142)，男，硕士，副研究员，从事寄生虫分子生物学及免疫学工作。E-mail：luojin02@caas.cn
作者简介:肖芳雨（ORCID：0009-0006-6039-7785），女，硕士研究生，从事寄生虫分子生物学及免疫学工作。E-mail：xiaofangyu2024@126.com
基金资助:
甘肃省自然科学基金(25JRRA437);兰州市城关区科技支撑计划-农业类(2025KJZC00013);国家寄生虫资源库项目(NPRC-2019-194-30)

Epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolutionary analysis of tick-borne piroplasm in selected areas of northwestern China

XIAO Fangyu¹^,²()(), LUO Jin¹^,^*()(), DUAN Deyong², ZHU Yanmin¹, DIAO Peiwen¹, HUANG Weixia¹, ZHANG Yu¹, WANG Junhong¹^,³, REN Qiaoyun¹, GUAN Guiquan¹, YIN Hong¹^,⁴, LIU Guangyuan¹

¹ State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China
² College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
³ College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
⁴ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis， Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2025-08-03 Revised:2026-01-05 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-02-26
Contact: *E-mail: luojin02@caas.cn
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(25JRRA437);Lanzhou Chengguan District Science and Technology Support Program-Agriculture(2025KJZC00013);National Parasite Resource Bank Project(NPRC-2019-194-30)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解我国西北部分地区媒介蜱携带梨形虫流行特征及遗传进化关系。方法于2023年3月至2024年5月在甘肃省张家川县阎家乡、马鹿镇，成县红川镇，庄浪县郑河乡，陇南市文县；陕西省长武县，青海省大通县以及新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州河谷地区采集家畜体表寄生蜱，采用体视显微镜依据形态学特征鉴定蜱种。提取蜱基因组DNA，巢式PCR扩增梨形虫18S rRNA基因，阳性产物克隆测序后进行BLAST比对分析，采用MEGA11邻接法构建系统进化树。结果共采集1 579只寄生蜱、检测1 559只。甘肃、陕西优势蜱种为长角血蜱，青海优势蜱种为全沟硬蜱，新疆优势蜱种为亚洲璃眼蜱和草原革蜱。PCR扩增结果显示，梨形虫总阳性率为42.78%（667/1 559），其中甘肃为47.81%（319/601）、陕西为30.03%（103/343）、青海为10.71%（15/140）、新疆为48.42%（230/475）。测序鉴定出卵形巴贝虫、双芽巴贝虫、田鼠巴贝虫、吕氏泰勒虫、尤氏泰勒虫和东方泰勒虫等6种梨形虫。甘肃地区以东方泰勒虫、尤氏泰勒虫和吕氏泰勒虫为主，青海地区以田鼠巴贝虫为主，陕西地区以吕氏泰勒虫为主，新疆地区以东方泰勒虫、卵形巴贝虫和双芽巴贝虫为主。系统进化树分析显示，陕西吕氏泰勒虫与陕西株（GenBank登录号为MG930119）、贵州独山株（GenBank登录号为KC735145）聚为一支，张家川东方泰勒虫与泰国株（GenBank登录号为MG757653）及国内株（GenBank登录号为OM756747）聚为同一分支。结论西北地区蜱传梨形虫感染率较高，优势虫种存在明显的地理分布差异。

关键词: 蜱, 梨形虫, 泰勒虫, 流行病学

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolutionary relationships of piroplasm in ticks in selected areas of northwestern China. Methods Ticks infesting the livestock body surface were collected from Zhangjiachuan County, Zhuanglang County, Chengxian County, Wenxian County in Longnan City in Gansu Province, Changwu County in Shaanxi Province, Datong County in Qinghai Province, and the Ili River Valley in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang from March 2023 to May 2024, and tick species were identified morphologically using a stereomicroscope. Genomic DNA was extracted from ticks, and the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasm was amplified using nested PCR assay. Positive amplification products were sequenced, followed by sequence alignment analysis with the BLAST software. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method with the software MEGA 11. Results A total of 1 579 ticks infesting livestock were collected and 1 559 ticks were detected, with Haemaphysalis longicornis as dominant tick species in Gansu and Shaanxi, Ixodes persulcatus in Qinghai, and Hyalomma asiaticum and Dermacentor nuttalli in Xinjiang. Nested PCR assay detected that the overall prevalence of piroplasm infection was 42.78% (667/1 559), with 47.81% (319/601) prevalence in Gansu, 30.03% (103/343) in Shaanxi, 10.71% (15/140) in Qinghai, and 48.42% (230/475) in Xinjiang. Sequencing identified six piroplasm species, including Babesia ovata, B. bigemina, B. microti, Theileria luwenshuni, T. uilenbergi, and T. orientalis, with T. orientalis, T. uilenbergi, and T. luwenshuni as dominant species in Gansu, B. microti in Qinghai, T. luwenshuni in Shaanxi, and T. orientalis, B. ovata, and B. bigemina in Xinjiang. Phylogenetic analysis showed that T. luwenshuni from Shaanxi were clustered into the same clade with the Shaanxi strain (GenBank accession number: MG930119) and Guizhou Dushan strain (GenBank accession number: KC735145), while T. orientalis from Zhangjiachuan were clustered into the same clade with the Thailand strain (GenBank accession number: MG757653) and a domestic strain (GenBank accession number: OM756747). Conclusion The prevalence of tick-borne piroplasm infection is high in northwestern China, and the dominant piroplasm species varies significantly in geographical regions.

Key words: Tick, Piroplasm, Theileria, Epidemiology

中图分类号:

R384.4

肖芳雨, 罗金, 段德勇, 朱艳敏, 刁沛文, 黄伟霞, 张瑜, 王君红, 任巧云, 关贵全, 殷宏, 刘光远. 我国西北部分地区蜱传梨形虫流行特征及遗传进化分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2026, 44(1): 79-84.

XIAO Fangyu, LUO Jin, DUAN Deyong, ZHU Yanmin, DIAO Peiwen, HUANG Weixia, ZHANG Yu, WANG Junhong, REN Qiaoyun, GUAN Guiquan, YIN Hong, LIU Guangyuan. Epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolutionary analysis of tick-borne piroplasm in selected areas of northwestern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2026, 44(1): 79-84.

图/表 3

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地区 Area	优势蜱种 Dominant tick species	蜱虫宿主 Host of ticks	梨形虫感染率/% Positive rate of piroplasm/%
甘肃省 Gansu Province
张家川闫家乡 Zhangjiachuan County Yanjia Township	长角血蜱 H. longicornis	羊 Sheep	52.87（83/157）
张家川马鹿镇 Zhangjiachuan County Malu Town	长角血蜱 H. longicornis	牛、羊 Cattle, Sheep	66.37（77/116）
庄浪县郑河乡 Zhuanglangxian Zhenghe Township	长角血蜱 H. longicornis	羊 Sheep	40.78（42/103）
成县红川镇 Cheng County Hongchuan Town	微小扇头蜱 R. microplus	牛 Cattle	68.52（111/162）
陇南市文县 Longnan City Wen County	长角血蜱 H. longicornis	牛、羊 Cattle, Sheep	10.50（6/63）
小计 Subtotal			53.08（319/601）
陕西省 Shaanxi Province
咸阳市长武县 Xianyang City Changwu County	长角血蜱 H. longicornis	羊 Sheep	30.03（103/343）
青海省 Qinghai Province
西宁市大通县 Xining City Datong County	全沟硬蜱 I. persulcatus	牦牛 Yak	10.71（15/140）
新疆维吾尔自治区 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
伊犁哈萨克自治州河谷地区 Ili River Valley in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture	亚洲璃眼蜱、草原革蜱 H. asiaticum, D. nuttalli	牛、羊、马 Cattle, Sheep, Horse	48.42（230/475）
合计 Total			42.78（667/1 559）

我国西北部分地区蜱传梨形虫流行特征及遗传进化分析

Epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolutionary analysis of tick-borne piroplasm in selected areas of northwestern China

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