Table of Content

30 June 2000, Volume 18 Issue 3

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论著

HUMAN PARASITE ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC IFN-γ RESPONSE IN SCHISTOSOMITSIS JAPONICA ENDEMIC AREA

SHENLei;WUHaiwei;ZHANGZhaosong;RosemaryEWeir;XIEZhangwuHULinsheng;CHENShuzhen;MartinGTaylor;WUGuanling

2000, 18(3):  2-134. 

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　Objective] To explore the characteristics of human schistosome antigen specific IFN γ response in a population in an area endemic for schistosomiasis japonica. [Methods] Three neighboring villages were chosen on Nanshan Island of Poyang Lake. 65 egg negative persons and 64 egg positive ones were selected randomly from the residents aged 14～41 years according to the egg counts by Kato Katz thick smear method. IFN γ was measured in the whole blood culture supernatant after stimulated by the schistosome soluble egg antigen (SEA) and soluble worm antigen preparations (SWAP). Serum isotype restricted antibody was detected by ELISA. [Results] IFN γ levels induced by both SEA and SWAP were increased significantly after praziquantel treatment. The SEA specific IFN γ level of the uninfected group was much higher than that of the reinfected group. A negative correlation between IFN γ level and IgG4 production was found, reflecting that IFN γmight be associated with the resistance to schistosome reinfection. [Conclusion] The changes in IFN γ level might play an important role in association with the resistance to schistosome reinfection.


PURIFICATION OF SOLUBLE EGG ANTIGEN (SEA) 38 kDa MOLECULE OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM AND PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF ITS IMMUNODIAGNOSTIC EFFICACY 

ZHOUXiaohong;CHENXiaoguang;FENGMingzhao;DAISiwei;LIHua;SHENShuman;XULi;LIUGuozhang

2000, 18(3):  3-137. 

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　Objective] To study the applicability of soluble egg antigen (SEA) 38 kDa molecule of Schistosoma japonicum in the immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis.[Methods] The target immunodiagnositic antigen SEA 38 kDa molecule was separated and purified by SDS PAGE and electroelution technique and evaluated by SDS PAGE and Western blotting. To compare their immunodiagnostic efficacy , the purified SEA 38 kDa and SEA were used to examine the sera from 182 cases including 31 acute schistosomiasis patients,31 chronic schistosomiasis patients,60 normal human controls,30 paragonimiasis patients and 30 clonorchiasis patients. [Results] The positive rates of purified SEA 38 kDa and SEA for acute schistosomiasis patients, chronic schistosomiasis patients, normal human controls, paragonimiasis patients and clonorchiasis patients were 90 3%, 90 3%, 1 7%, 0,0 and 90.3%,83.9%,3.3%,0,0, respectively. The P/N ratio of purified SEA 38 kDa and SEA in immu nodiagnosis of schistosomiasis by ELISA had been compared by two sample t test. It was demonstrated that there existed significant differences between purified SEA 38 kDa and SEA in the three groups of acute and chronic schistosomiasis patients and normal persons( P <0 001). The P/N ratio of SEA 38 kDa in detecting the sera from schistosomiasis patients was obviously higher than that of SEA, but when SEA 38 kDa was used to examine normal human sera, the result was converse.[Conclusion] The purified SEA 38 kDa has higher sensitivity and specificity and immunodiagnostic potential.


ROLE OF TNF-α AND ICAM-1 IN PATHOGENESIS OF CEREBRAL MALARIA

CHELimu;NIUYuxin;LIHuizhu;CHENXiaoning

2000, 18(3):  4-140. 

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　Objective] To investigate the role of TNF α and ICAM 1 in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. [Methods] Immunohistochemical method and ELISA were employed to examine the expression of ICAM 1 on the brain microvessel endothelium and to detect the production of serum TNF α in P berghei ANKA strain infected CBA/J mice. [Results] Serum TNF αlevels of mice were apparently higher and the ICAM 1 expression was more evident in P berghei ANKA infected CBA/J mice than in control groups. rTNF α ip injection could enhance the development of CM and the expression of ICAM 1 on brain endothelial cells(EC). [Conclusion] Excessive production of TNF α may mediate the expression of ICAM 1 on brain EC and hence cause the development of CM.


MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA BASED ON TRIOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE (tim) GENE SEQUENCE

LIJihong;LUSiqi;ZHANGYaping;WANGFengyun;WENJianfan

2000, 18(3):  5-145. 

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　Objective] To investigate the intraspecies phylogeny and genetic diversity of G. lamblia . [Methods] Total genomic DNA was extracted and partial fragments of tim gene were amplified by PCR. All the nucleotide sequences were analyzed by means of phylogenetic analysis, which were constructed with pasimony and N J methods. [Results] A total of 124 variable sites (23% of the total sequences detected) were defined, most of which were found at the silent sites of codons. Two similar phylogenetic trees were constructed, subdividing 16 isolates into two groups. [Conclusion] The genetic diversity of G. lamblia appear to be little affected by both the host and geography, while natural selection might play an important role at the DNA molecular evolution level of tim gene. The tim gene may be considered to be a very useful genetic marker of the population genetic structure of G. lamblia .


RELATIONSHIP OF THE LIVESTOCK TRADE TO SCHISTOSOMIASIS TRANSMISSION IN MOUNTAINOUS AREA

ZHENGJiang;GUOJiagang;WANGXianfeng;ZHUHongqing

2000, 18(3):  6-148. 

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　Objectice] To study the relationship between the livestock trade and schistosomiasis transmission and to provide an evidence for making a strategy of schistosomiasis control in mountainous areas. [Methods] A retrospective survey and analysis was conducted to investigate the prevalence of schistosomiasis in both humans and livestock (cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and pigs), and the number and migration of livestock in Weishan County, Yunnan Province in 1980～1991. [Results] A positive correlation was found between the infection rate of residents and the numbers of livestock migration (R=0 9151, P <0 01). During 1980 to 1991 the infection rate was increased gradually along with the development of livestock husbandry, especially, from the economic reforms since 1984. In 1984 there was positive correlation in the infection rate both human and livestock (R=0 8458, P <0 05).The results show that the infection rates of livestock on sale including cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and pigs are 9 54%, 29 39%, 16 38%, 14 47%, 25 73% and 11 11%, respectively. [Conclusion] The infection rate of human and livestock arises by parallel. The high frequency of livestock trade resulted in serious spreading of the infection source of schistosomiasis. The migration of the infected livestock might be an important factor in transmitting schistosomiasis.


SURVEY OF SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ANOPHELINEVECTORS TO INSECTICIDES IN AMALARIAMESOENDEMIC AREA，HUBEIP ROVINCE

YUPin-hong;ZHANGHua-xun;ZHANGShao-ging;XUBo-zhao

2000, 18(3):  7-151. 

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Abstract [Objective] To determine the susceptibility of Anophelesa nthropophagus and Anopheless inensis to
deltamethrin and DDT in an area where different counter-measures had been adoped. [Methods] The mortality of the vectors
wase xamined by using the standard ised WHO test.[Results]The mortality f ortent ative diagnosticd osein An.an thropophagus
to deltamethrin were 83.8%, 83. 7 and 84.7%, respectively in the areas where impregnated net had been used for 1
year or 3 years and DDT residual spraying had been carried out for 3 years, suggesting that An. anthropophagus was an initially
resistant group. The LTso were 8.69, 7. 48 and 9. 87 min, respectively. The mortality for tentative diagnostic dose in
An.si nensistod eltamethrin and DDT were76.5 %，57.0 % and 79.0 %,r espectivelyin threes urveya reas,suggestingt hat
An. sinensis was aresistant group. The LT,, were 12. 0, 15. 4 and 11. 2 min, respectively. The mortality for tentative diagnostic
dose in An. sinensis to DDT was 95. 8 0/o in impregnated net area, suggesting that An. anthropophagus was an initially
resistant group. The LCso was 0. 73The mortality for tentative diagnostic dose in An. sinensis to DDT was 44% , suggestingt
hatA n.s inensisw asa h ighlyr esistantg roup.T heL Csow asm oret han4 %.[ Conclusion]A substantialus eo fin secticidesin
the ricepaddy fieldh as resulted in resistance of An.sinensis,whereas noa pparentre sistanceo fA n.an thropophgus.has been found.

DETECTION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN SALIVA OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA

WANGZhaojun;XUEChunliang;WUWeiduo;ZHANGXiangyan;LOUWenxian;SHENGuangjin

2000, 18(3):  8-154. 

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　Objective] To investigate the feasibility of detecting specific antibodies in the saliva of schistosomiasis patients. [Methods] Specific antibodies in saliva samples of 32 schistosomiasis patients and 140 normal individuals were detected by using ELISA and the results were compared with those detected for specific antibodies in serum. [Results] The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 90 6% and 94 4%, respectively, being slightly lower than that of the 100% sensitivity and 96 2% specificity for the serum. No significant difference between them was found ( P >0 05). [Conclusion] Detecting specific antibodies in saliva can be used for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica as a noninvasive method in field surveys.


RAPID SCREENING WITH A RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN (rK39) FOR DIAGNOSIS OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS USING DIPSTICK *

QUJingqi;GUANLiren;ImamuShulidan;ZUOXinping;CHAIJunjie;CHENShengbang;ShinichiroKawazu;KenKatakura;YoshigeruMatsumoto;S.G.ReedK.P.Chang

2000, 18(3):  9-158. 

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　Objective] To evaluate the diagnostic value of the recombinant antigen of 39 amino acid repeats encoded by a kinesin like gene of Leishmania changasi (rK39) in serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). [Methods] In Kashi, Xinjiang, 13 VL patients with splenomegaly and bone marrow aspirate culture positive were subjected to dipstick assay. A drop of whole blood or serum from patient was placed at the absorbing pad at the bottom of the dipstick. Flooding of the bottom protein with buffer allows serum proteins to migrate upwards, producing the positive band and Western blot analysis of rK39 subsequently performed with the sera collected. [Results] The end point titers of anti rK39 antibodies of these sera were determined by ELISA and found to fall within the range of 10 -2 to 10 -4 , which were consistent with the intensity of their reaction with rK39 in dipstick assay. The positive sera could also recognize the specific rK39 band as analyzed by Western blot analysis. [Conclusion] The rK39 dipstick assay is more rapid, specific, sensitive and less invasive than the conventional methods of diagnosis for VL in the areas of low endemicity.


CLINICAL COMPARATIVE TRIAL OF CO ARTEMETHER AND BENFLUMETOL(TWO FORMULATIONS) IN THE TREATMENT OF FALCIPARUM MALARIA

SUNZhiwei;SHANChengqi;LIGuofu;DINGDeben;LIUGuangyu;WANGJingyan;JIAOXiuqing

2000, 18(3):  10-161. 

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　Objective]To observe the efficacy and safety of co artemether and one of its components benflumetol(two formulations)in the treatment of patients with falciparum malaria [Methods]Adopting double blining,randomization and comparative method, all patients were hospitalized and observed for 28 days after treatment.[Results] Of 150 patients, 51 patients were treated with co artemether group(A), 50 patients were treated with benflumetol tablet group(B),49 patients were freated with benflumetol capsule group(C).The mean fever clearance times for groups A,B and C were 17.1±8.6、34.0±23.2 and 29.4±24.9 hours, respectively;the mean parasite clearance times were 29.7±8.9、51.6±14.1 and 54.7±17.4 hours respectively;the cure rates in 28 days for groups A,B and C were 98.2%, 92.0% and 95.8%,respectively.No apparent side effect was observed.[Conclusion]Co artemether and benflumetol(2 formulations)are effective for the treatment of patients with falciparum malaria but co artemether is more effective than benflumetol(2 formulations)in terms of controlling symptoms and killing parasites.


EFFECT OF ARTEM ETHER ON ENZYMES INVOLVEDIN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

ZHAIZi-li;ZHANGYi;LIUHe-xiang;FENGTing;XIAOShu-hua

2000, 18(3):  11-164. 

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Abstract [Objective] To study thee ffecto far temetherons everale nzymesi nvolved inc arbohydratem etabolism of Schistooma japonicum. [Methods] Mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae for 4-5 weeks were administered intragastrically with artemether 300 mg/kg and killed 24一72 h after medication. The supernatant fluids of female and male worm homogenates were prepared for determining 9 essential enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism by using horizontal starchgel electrophoresis, [Results] The activities of 8 out of 9 enzymes (i. e. hexokinase, aldolase, glucosephophate isomerase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and mannose- 6-phosphate isomerase) in female worms from artemether-treated mice were obviously inhibited 24~72 h after treatment. In male worms, only aldolase，mannose-6-phosphate isomerase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were slightly inhibited. [Conclusion] Artemether displayed apparent effects on the carbohydrate metabolism of female schistosome

DETECTION OF TOXOPLASMA INFECTION IN WOMEN WITH GYNAECOLOGIC NEOPLASMS USING ELISA 

HUANGHe;YANFuhua;LIChuanjiang;ZHAOMeiyi;TANGJunwen;LIXiangrong

2000, 18(3):  12-166. 

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　Objective] To understand the concurrent in Toxoplasma infection among women with cervical cancer. [Methods] The anti Toxoplasma IgG, IgM antibodies (Abs) and circulating antigens (CAg) in 247 sera ( from 50 cases with cervical cancer in group 1, 59 cases with gynaecological benign tumors in group 2 and 138 cases with other diseases in group 3 ) were detected by ELISA. [Results] The total positive rates of the CAg and the Abs in the three groups were 44 0% (22/50), 25 4% (15/59) and 20 3% (28/138), respectively. The positive rates were 20 0%, 11 9% and 10 9%, respectively for IgG 20 0%, 13 6% and 8 7%, respectively fot IgM and 14 0%, 5 1% and 1 4% respectively for CAg. [Conclusion] The Toxoplasma infection rate of the cervical cancer group was higher than those of the other two groups, particularly the positive rates of CAg and IgM.


防治经验

OBSERVATION ON THE PERSISTENCE PERIOD AND TRANSMISSION OF RESIDUAL MICROFILAREMIA WITH MEDIUM AND HIGHER DENSITY

DUANJihuiLIZhengxiangZHANGKairenLUOHengqiaoZENGXiangweiZHANGDeren

2000, 18(3):  13-169. 

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　Objective] To explore the persistence period of medium and higher density of microfilaremia and its role in the transmission of filariasis in areas with filariasis basically eradicated. [Methods] The residual microfilaremia was followed up and the population were regularly examined by thick blood film assay. Culex quinquefaciatus were dissected to determine the natural infection rate and density of filarial larvae. The filarial antibody levels were detected by using IFAT. [Results] Two cases with medium and higher density of microfilaremia were found to be microfilaremia positive for twelve years. The natural infection rate and density of filarial larvae in Culex quinquefasciatus dropped down year by year, one case of new microfilaremia was found in the sixteenth year. [Conclusion] The persistence period of residual medium and higher density of microfilaremia lasted for more than twelve years.The individual residual medium and higher density of microfilaremia cases still possess the potential for transmission of filariasis.


EVALUATION OF PREVALENT STATUS OF KALA-AZAR IN ENDEMIC AREA OF HUBEI PROVINCE *

GUIAi-fang;ZUOSheng-li;WUJing-hua;GUIXi-en;HULe-qun;YANGLian-di;ZHANGShao-qing

2000, 18(3):  14-172. 

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　Objective] To identify the diagnosis of 14 cases with “kala-azar” previously reported in Hubei Province since 1989 and to evaluate the present status of the disease. [Methods] Bone marrow smear, immunological test (LDTand IFAT), mouse inoculation, fungi culture, vector ( Phlebotomus ) and reservoir host (dog) survey. [Results] Among the 14 cases, 12 cases were progressive disseminated histoplasmois, one was an imported case and another one was a remnant skin type“kala-azar” case. An immunological survey was conducted during 1997～1999 in 25 townships located in 23 counties of 9 prefectures and cities. A total of 13 890 persons had been examined by LDT, the positive rate was 0.07% , no positive case was found among the persons under 40 years of age. During the survey, 1 756 persons had been examined by IFAT, the results were negative .No Phlebotomus chinensis had been found in the surveyed area . A total of 302 dogs were examined, no sick dog had been found. [Conclusion]Kala-azar has been eradicated in Hubei Province.


实验研究

EFFECT OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM INFECTION ON SERUM TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN MICE

HEHongbin;NobuoOhta;HitoshiKawaguchi

2000, 18(3):  15-175. 

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　Objective] To determine the effect of Schistosoma japonicum infection on the testoterone level in the sera from male C57BL/6 mice. [Methods] Radioimmunoassay was used to examine testosterone levels in sera of 9 male mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma japonicum . [Results] The serum testosterone levels reduced significantly in all experimentally infected animals 45 days after infection, as compared with the uninfected controls. [Conclusion] Infection with Schistosoma japonicum decreases testosterone levels in the mouse host.


流行病学调查

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ON AN OUTBREAK OF ANGIOSTRONGYLIASIS CANTONENSIS IN WENZHOU

XUEDayan;RUANYunzhou;LINBaochu;ZHENGRongyuan;FANGJinquan;ZHAOQunxin;LIMeifu;PANChangwang

2000, 18(3):  16-178. 

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　Objective] To find out the cause and transmission factors of an outbreak of eosinophilic meningoradiculitis in Wenzhou City during October to November in 1997. [Methods] In addition to a retrospective cohort study on 182 persons who had dined at a same restaurant of the city, etiological and immunoserological investigations were conducted. [Results] Among 105 cases who had eaten the undercooked Ampullaria gigas in that restaurant,47 cases were infected,the incidence rate was 44.8%;whereas none of the persons who did not eat the under cooked Ampullaria gigas in that restaurant got the infection, the difference between the two groups being significant( P <0.001).The incidence rate of the cases who had eaten 4 and more pieces of the undercooked Ampullaria gigas was 86.2%(25/29),while that of those who had eaten less than 4 pieces was 28.9%(22/76), the difference between the two being very significant(χ 2=27.83, P <0.001,RR=2.98).The third stage larvae of the Angiostrongylus cantonensis were found out from Ampullaria gigas living in the same locality,and the adult worms of Angiostrongylus contonensis were found out from the rats living in the locality else.The positive rate of serum anti Angiostrongylus cantonensis antibody in the patients was 84.0%. [Conclusion] On the basis of the clinical,epidemiological,immunoserological and etiological investigations, an outbreak of the angiostrongyliasis cantonensis caused by eating undercooked Ampullaria gigas was confirmed.