Table of Content

30 November 1994, Volume 12 Issue 4

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TREATMENT OF 842 CASES WITH CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS OF CHEST

1994, 12(4):  248-251. 

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cases of thoracic echinococcosis were surgically treated by endocystectomy(79%),pneumonectomy(12%),drainage and other operations(9%).Among a total of 1 010 opera-tions,the mortality was 0.6%( 5/807).Of 637 cases received 798 endocystectomies,the re-currence rate was 4.2%(27/638).Up to 1979,the first series of 323 cases were followed-upfor 3-20 years,no single case died of thoracic echnococcosis,Among the ,32 non-operation cas-es,the mortality was 22.2%(6/27) and 9 cases were spontaneously cured.22 cases were given praziquantel at two dosages,Group A received 120-150 mg/kg andGroup B received 210 mg/kg in divided doses for 5-6 days.The death rate of protoscolices in-side the operatively removed cystic fluid from the above two groups was 43.1±9.6% and64.2±3.5%,respectively,while in the untreated Group C.2±2%(P0.01).With totaldosage of praziquantel 300 mg/kg in divded doses for 7 days,the concentration of praziqantelin patient's blood and cystic fluid was 0.49±0.075 μg/ml and 0.006μg/ml,respectively.

EARLYT TREATMENT WITH ARTEMTHER AND PRAZIQUANTEL IN RABBITS REPEATEDLY INEECTED WITH SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM CERCARIAE

1994, 12(4):  252-256. 

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When rabbits infected with 48-52 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae once every wk for 6 times or every other day for 5 times were treated ig with artemether(Art)10 or l5 mg.kg-1 on d7 after the first infection,followed by the repeated administration of the same dose once every 1-2 wk,a promising effect was seen in the groups treated with Art at higher dose.In another group of rabbits with the same drug administration regimens of praziquantel(Pra) were also used in early treatment,but the initial dose was given on d_(21) after the first infection.The results showed that Pra given at 40 mg.kg-1 in each administration was more promising than the lower dose of 30 mg.kg-1 especially in group treated at 2 wk intervals.Further study indicated that the presence of adult schistosomes in rabbits increased the effect ofPra not only on 21-day-old schistosomule,but also on 14-day-old schistosomules.The results suggest that Art and Pra could be used in field trial for controlling acute schistosomiasis and decreasing the intensity of schistosomal infection.

LEISHMANIASIS IN KARAMAY XIV.IDENTIFICATION OF PROMASTIGOTE ISOLATES FROM NATURALLY INFFCTED PHLEBOTOMUS MAJOR WUI

1994, 12(4):  257-261. 

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Phlebotomus major wui,an anthropophilic specics,was predominant among sandflies inKa ramay,Xinjiang of China.The females of this species collected in the wild and houseswere detected to be infected with promastigotes.Three isolates of promastigotes obtainedfrom P.major wui were inoculated intraperitoneally and subcutaneously into normal ham-sters or BALB/c mice which developed visceral leishmaniasis later.The mean size ofamastigotes in hamster viscera(smear observation) artificially inoculated with the culturedparasite originated from sandfly was significantly smaller than those in control hamster inoc-ulated with the cultured Leishmania turanica from great gerbils in situ.The promastigotesfrom P. major wui hardly grew in NNN medium.In addition,32P labeled gene gp63 was usedas probe to hybridize DNA prepared from L.infantum,L.turanica and Leishmania from thissandfly showed that marked homogeneity existed between the isolates from P. major wui andL.infantum.At the present time,visceral leishmaniasis did not occur in Karamay but cutaneousleishmaniasis (CL)has been evidenced.Thus,what is the source of natural infection of P. major wui? Whether L.turanica or L.infantum is the pathogen of human CL in this area? These are interesting aspects to deal with in the further study.

ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

1994, 12(4):  262-264. 

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Tbis paper recommends a simple and easy method to isolate and purify glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH) from Schistosoma japonicum with electrophoretic puri-ty.The recovery rate of 5 6.1% of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from S.japonicum extract was achieved by ammonium sulfate precipitation,DEAE-cellulose columnchromatography and SDS-PAGE.Using SDS-PAGE,the presence of one major band in thefinal purified GAPDH preparation was demonstrated.This protein had a MW of 37 kDa. The authers discuss the important functions of GAPDH and suggest that this method may beuseful in the research of the protective immunity of S.japonicum GAPDH in the developmentof schistosome vaccine.

PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL IN AREAS WHERE ANOPHELES SINENSIS IS THE ONLY VECTON

1994, 12(4):  265-267. 

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The data,vectorial capacity of Anopheles sinensis in the suburb of Jining city,ShandongProvince in 1975,in 1980-1984,and the average gland infection rate of Anopheles sinensis in-fected with Plasmodiuln vivax artificially, were calculated by using Macdonald formula(1957).The basic reproduction rates were 4.44,6.47 and 4.25 in the years 1975 ,1980 and1981,respectively.In 1982-1984,the rate was reduced to 0.69,0.41 and 0.1,respectively.Since 1982,the incidence rate of malaria in the areas was reduced by 80% annually, indicatingthat the malaria transmission had been decreased obviously.

EFFECT OF INDIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF AMOEBIASIS

1994, 12(4):  268-270. 

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Indirect fluorescent antibody test(IFAT) was performed by the method of(1971) with some slight modifications for the diagnosis of amoebiasis.The antigen used wasprepared from 48-hour culture of Entamoeba histolytica(strains G2,G3,and G5) in LASdiphasic medium and only those amoebae clinging the culture were collected.The serum sam-ples or blood drops on filter paper were positive by the improved IFAT in all of the 54 casesof amoebic liver abscess and the positive reactions of most cases were very marked.Of 23 cas-es of acute amoebic dysentery,19 were positive,the positive rate being 82.6%, The resultsalso show that 42 cases of other diseases and 40 healthy persons were all negative.

EFFECT OF ARTEMETHER ON GLYCOGEN, PROTEIN, ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND ACID PHOSPHATASE OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

1994, 12(4):  275-278. 

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When mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum for 32-35 d were treated ig withartemethe(rArt)at a single dose of 300 mg.kg-1 for 24 h,the glycogen content of ♀and schistosomes decreased significantly with reduction rates of aboout 50%. 72 h after medica-tion the glycogen reduction rates were 64.1-77.9%.Meantime,the protein content of ♀and worms was also decreased,the reduction rates being 6.1% and 49.3%,respectively.In infected mice treated ig with Art at the same dosage for 24 h,the inhibition rates of alka-line phosphatase(AKP)activity in ♀and worms were 30% and 25%,respectively,72 hlater,the AKP activity of ♀worm was further inhibited to 62.3% as compared with the con- trol.Besides,the inhibitory effect of Art on acid phosphatase(ACP) activity of ♀worm wasalso more apparent than that of worm.72 h after medication,the respective inhibition ratesof ACP activity in ♀and worms were 75.7% and 47.6%,The results indicated that Artmight exert its effect on both carbohydrate and protein metabolism of schistosomes.

CLINICAL TREATMENT OF HEPATIC AND ABDOMINAL HYDATID CYST BY PERCUTANEOUS PUNCTURE, DRAINAGE AND CURETTAGE

1994, 12(4):  285-287. 

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Since 1986,we have treated 302 cases with hepatic and abdominal hydatid cyst(361cysts)by the method of percutaneous puncture,drainage and curettage combined with sys-temic drug and local drug administration with 5 years,follow-up.The rate of success ofpercutaneous puncture,aspiration,drainage and curettage was 99%.Only one case presentedallergic reaction.At 6 months after the PPDC,97.2%(212/218 )of the cysts had stoppedgrowth.One year later,84.4%(130/154)of the cysts had disappeared.Five years,follow-up revealed that 77.8%(14/18)of the cysts had disappeared.All of the above-mentioned caseshave recovered except for two cases suffered from recurrence of primary cysts resulting froma drop of the cannulas.No serious complications or death had been found.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON THE TREATMENT OF 1 627 CASES OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS HAEMATOBIA WITH PRAZIQUANTEL OF DIFFERENT DOSAGES

1994, 12(4):  288-290. 

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A total of 1 627 cases of scmstosomiasis haematobium had been treated with praziquan-tel of different dosages by the Chinese Medical Team in Mali.The patients were all con-firmed by egg detection in urine examination and were divided into three groups.Group A,1187 cases,were each given a single dose of 40 mg/kg of praziquantel.In Group B,321 cas-es,were each treated with 10 mg/kg of praziquantel,t.i.d.for two days.In Group C,119cases,were each administered with one dose of 50 mg/kg of praziquantel.Three months af-ter treatment,the urine egg negative conversion rates were 88.5%,96.6% and 89.1%,re-spectively.It was showed that Group B gave the best efficacy and produced fewer side ef-fects,suggesting that the regime of praziquantel treatment given in divided doses is betterthan that given at a single dose.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OG HOOKWORM INFECTION IN FUJIAN PROVINCE

1994, 12(4):  291-293. 

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Fujian province has been known to be endemk for mixed hookworm infection with Ancy-lostoma duodenale e as the predominant species.The infection rate was 50% before 1980.As aresult of mass treatment starting from 1980,the infection rate was decreased in most areas. And,infection foci were changed from sweet potato fields to the banana,sweatcane and as-paragus fields where the infection rate tended to increase.It is stressed that the current en-demic characteristics of hookworm infection should be paid more attention in implementingthe control programme of hookworm infection.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF DELTAMETHRIN BATH TREATMENT OF HAMSTERS INFECTED WITH LEISHMANIA DONOV ANI FOR INTERRUPTING KALA-AZAR TRANSMISSION

1994, 12(4):  300-302. 

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Phlebotomus chinensis were fed respectively on two groups of Cricetulus barabensis infect-ed with Leishmania donovani,of which one group had received deltamethrin bath and theother was not treated with insecticide bath.The results showed that all the sandflies in the former group died within 24 hours,whilethose in the latter group had a high survival rate. Among the 165 sandflies examined,114(69.1%)became infected.The promastigotes not only developed well in the midgut,but alsoinvaded esophagus,pharynx and proboscis.In the control group,the mortality of sandfliesin 24 hours was 5.1%(3/59).According to the data obtained in the present study,the authors consider that insecticidebath treatment of infected domestic dogs in endemic villages could be used for interruptingkala-azar transmission.