Table of Content

28 February 1995, Volume 13 Issue 1

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RESEARCH ON THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPOROGONIC MULTIPLICATION OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX IN THE MOSQUITO VECTOR

1995, 13(1):  21-24. 

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Volunteers with no previous malaria history infected with northern Guangdong isolate of Plasmodium vivax and mosquito vector, Anopheles stephensi , were the objects and materials used in the research. Totally there were 16 volunteers, half of them were infected by mosquito bite and another half by blood inoculation. Blood was drawn when parasitemia reached a certain level and the erythrocytic forms developed into large trophozoites. Mosquitoes fed on infected blood from 5 and 4 donors of the two groups gave high gland infection rate and high gland indices respectively, but the highest gland indices were got from volunteers infected by mosquito bite. The time of blood feeding is important, only those blood samples taken from the people 3 to 8 days after the first onset gave good sporozoite harvest and the gland infection was greatly reduced on the 9th day. During this period(d 3 8 ), the density of gametocyte had obvious influence on the intensity of mosquito infection. When the sex ratio of gametocyte(♀∶) was 4∶1 or less, the result would be good. For the purpose of reflecting more perfectly the circumstance of the sporogonic multiplication of plasmodium in the mosquito vector, we suggest the concept of gut/gland infection intensity which equals the product of the infection rate and the index of oocyst/positive gland.

PURIFICATION OF 31/32 kDa PROTEINS OF ADULT SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM AS ANTIGENS ( Sj 31/32) FOR ELISA AND IHA

1995, 13(1):  25-30. 

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Major diagnostic proteins of 31/32 kDa were purified from soluble adult worm homogenate of Schistosoma japonicum using AcA ultragel chromatography and additional treatments. The purity of the isolated antigenic proteins ( Sj 31/32) was demonstrated by SDS PAGE and Western blotting technique. The antigens showed a negative reaction when stained by PAS and remained active after treatment with sodium periodate, moving toward anode in the electrophoretic field.These purified antigens were used for detecting the specific antibody in sera from patients with schistosomiasis japonica by ELISA and IHA. As compared with SEA, Sj 31/32 kDa was found as sensitive as but much more specific than SEA in immunodiagnosis.

DYNAMICS OF IL 2 AND IFN γ LEVELS INDUCED BY SEA OR Con A IN SPLEEN CELLS OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM INFECTED MICE

1995, 13(1):  35-38. 

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The capacity of mitogen Con A and SEA stimulated spleen cells to produce cytokines IFN γ and IL 2 was studied in S.japonicum infected mice every two weeks from o to 14 wk after infection. The results showed that the levels of these two cytokines began to rise at the 4th wk after infection and reached a peak level at 6 8 wk, then declined to the levels similar to those pre infection at 12 14 wk after infection. The IFN γ level reached the peak earlier than the IL 2 level. The dynamics of cytokine level in both mitogen and antigen stimulated group was similar. The results suggest that IL 2 and IFN γ might be the essential cytokines involved in egg granuloma formation in schistosomiasis japonica.

STUDIES ON AMINO ACID AND CHEMICAL ELEMENT IN FIVE SPECIES OF FILARIAE

1995, 13(1):  39-45. 

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Five species of human and domestic animal filariae ( B.m, S.d, S.l, S.e, D.i ) after lyophilization and hydrolysis were resolved using HPLC and type WFX IB AAS to determine amino acid (AA) and microelement (ME) content, respectively. The results showed that there were 16 and 17 AA in B.malayi and the animal filariae, respectively. Among AA, the total amount (μg/mg dry wt.) was markedly higher in animal filariae than that in B.malayi in which the content of acidic and aliphatic AA was significiantly higher than those of basic and aromatic AA, respectively. Among five ME (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cd) and two microelements (Ca, Mg) found in all these filariae. Zn Content was the predominant ME and Ca was much more than Mg.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST ESTERASE OF MALATHION RESISTANT CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

1995, 13(1):  46-49. 

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Five clones of monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) were generated from BALB/c mice which were activized with PPD and immunized with esterases extracted from malathion resistant Culex quinquefasciatus . All 5 clones of McAbs belonged to the IgG 1 subtype, additive index (A.I.) of every two McAbs did not exceeded 50%. After a l h of incubation, the McAbs at the titer of 1∶1 000 completely inhibited the activity of the amplified esterases. Of 8 strains of adult mosquitoes studied by Western blot assay, all exhibited the 64 kDa esterase band recognized by the McAbs, six (SP,FS,SH,CD,RD,RM) showed more bands of different MW (43-60 kDa), the higher the organophosphorus resistant level, the more and the denser the bands. The above McAbs had little or no effect against the esterases of dimethrin resistant strain and the larva stage of malathion resistant Culex quinquefasciatus .

STUDY ON ADJUVANT EFFECT OF SCHISTOSOME IRNA

1995, 13(1):  58-60. 

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The adjuvant effect of schistosome iRNA on the schistosome antigen ws studied.The results by using ELISA showed that the antibody level in mice immunized with SiRNA+SWA was significantly higher than in those only immunized with SiRNA or SWA.After cercariae challenge infection,mice immunized with SiRNA+SWA or SiRNA had higher worm reduction rate.However,there were no significant differences between the two groups of mice on worm reduction rate,These results suggested that the host humoral response can be enhanced by SiRNA and that the host immunity against S.japonicum failed to be enhanced by SiRNA.

OBSERVATION ON ANTIBODY LEVELS OF RABBITS INFECTED WITH SINGLE SEX CERCARIAE OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM

1995, 13(1):  61-64. 

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Nine rabbits infected with male S. japonicum cercariae(worm recovery 15-133,mean 53.1)and 9 rabbits infected with female cercariae(worm recvovery 1-102,mean 36.1) were bled periodically until 1 year post infection.The sera were tested by ELISA、LA and CHR for antibody detection.Results showed that the positive rates were 88.9%、55.6% and 83.3%,respectively.The duration of positive reaction was 3-51 wk post infection for ELISA,4-17 wk for LA and 2-35 wk for CHR and the fluctuated results were obtained in ELISA while positive CHR and LA results usually remained stable.The above mentioned results suggest that antibody detection methods should not be neglected due to its sensitivity although antigen detection methods are considered more favorable.For the surveillance of schistosomiasis in endemic areas where schistosomiasis is under control,antibody detection methods are still worthy of recommending for case finding of new infections.

EFFICACY OF PRAZIQUANTEL COMBINED WITH ALBENDAZOLE IN THE TREATMENT OF CLONORCHIASIS

1995, 13(1):  65-67. 

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This paper reported on the clinical efficacy of praziquantel albendazole combination in the treatment of clonorchiasis in Guangxi.Two hundred and two cases were divided into three groups.The first group comprised 66 cases who were treated with praziquantel at 180 mg/kg bwt for three days.The second group consisted of 62 cases who were treated with albendazole at 90 mg/kg bwt for three days.In the third group,74 cases were treated with 90 mg/kg bwt praziquantel plus 45 mg/kg albendazole for three days.The results showed that the negative conversion rates were 98.5%,61.3% and 87.8% in groups one,two and three,respectively,one month after treatment.In some cases who continued to be egg positive,the reduction rates in faecal egg counts were 99.7%,65.0% and 97.3%,respectively.Although the cure rate in group three was not as high as in group one,the side effects were more mild and transient and the cost of treatment could be reduced by 60% as compared with group one.In cases with light and moderate infections,the praziquantel albendazole combination proved more effective.In addition,the praziquantel albendazole combination was also highly effective for treating those cases who were infected with Ascaris,Trichuris or hookworm.

A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF EIGHTEEN AUTOPSY CASES WITH ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSIS

1995, 13(1):  68-71. 

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Eighteen autopsy cases of acquired toxoplasmosis in New York City were studied. Seventeen cases were with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and one patient with Hodgkins disease. All 18 cases involved the brain and nine of them disseminated to the heart(8 cases), lung(4 cases), pancreas(3 cases),alimentary tract (2 cases)and urogenital organs (3 cases). The authors divided the acquired toxoplasmosis into (1) immunocompetent, (2)immunocompromised and (3) immunodeficient types. The autopsy findings showed that the brain, heart and lung were the most susceptive organs. Pseudocysts were also found in lungs and alimentary tract, suggesting an autoinfection by swallowing sputum containing Toxoplasma. Toxoplasma in the urogenital organs might become a source for sexual transmitted toxoplasmosis.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FIXATIVES FOR TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS IN INDIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TEST

1995, 13(1):  72-74. 

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This paper dealed with the effects of different fixatives for Trichomonas vaginalis in indirect fluorescent antibody test. T.vaginalis fixed by formalin,methanol or alcohol displayed clear flagellae.The parasites fixed by methanol and alcohol showed specific ring like fluorescence with 1 2 bright dots. Antigen slides prepared from different Trichomonas strains,different number of parasites and anti Trichomonas vaginalis McAb strains in IFA presented different results.Antigen slides showed the best results when using parasites at concentrations of 1.2×10 6 cells/ml or 2.4×10 5 cells/ml. Antigen preparations stored at 4℃ or -20℃ remained reactive throughout the experimental period of three months.