Table of Content

30 December 2006, Volume 24 Issue 6

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论文

Malaria Situation in the People′s Republic of China in 2005

ZHOUShui-sen;WANGYi;TANGLin-hua

2006, 24(6):  1-403. 

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论著

Classification and Diversity of Tick Community in Tarim Basin

ZHANGYu-jiang;CAOHan-li;DAIXiang;Azaz;JIANGWei;Abulikm;LIBing;Abulimt;LEIGang;Rezwan;LIANGXin-hai;LIUHong-bin;YUXin;FENGChong-hui

2006, 24(6):  2-409. 

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Objective To investigate the distribution pattern and structural characteristics of tick community and to understand the diversity of the communities in Tarim Basin. Methods According to the geographical division and habitat types， survey sites were selected， and tick samples were collected and their species were identified. With the methods of community ecology， the richness， diversity and evenness of the tick community were calculated. The communities were classified by way of clustering analysis in combination with the environmental index of geology and vegetation. Results Totally 10 species belonging 5 genera of ticks were collected in the Basin. Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum and Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi were the dominant species in the area. The tick community was divided into 7 types in accordance with the environmental geology， vegetations， and their richness and coverage degree. Conclusions There are abundant tick communities in the area of Tarim Basin， and a gradient change of the communities is continued in the ecological amplitude of this area.

Study of Chigger Communities on Major Species ofRodents in Yunnan Province

HOUShu-xin;GUOXian-guo;MENXing-yuan;QIANTi-jun;WUDian;SHIWu-xiang

2006, 24(6):  3-413. 

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Objective To understand the characteristics of the chigger communities on the major species of rodent hosts. Methods 　 Rats were captured in 16 counties （or towns） of Yunnan. All the mites on the two auricles of the host were collected and identified. Shannon-Weiner′s indices （H、Ｅ）, the richness indices and dominance indices were adopted to judge the diversity and community structure of chiggers on their hosts （7 species of rodents）. Results From the 7 species of dominant rodent hosts, 131 species of chiggers were indentified, belonging to 17 genera of Trombiculidae. Among them, abundant individuals were collected from 6 species which were considered to be dominant chigger species. Shannon-Weiner′s indices （H） of the chigger communities showed the following sequence: Rattus norvegicus＞Apodemus chevrieri＞Eothenomys miletus＞Mus pahari＞Rattus nitidus＞Rattus flavipectus＞Ｍus caroli, and the richness indices were similar to this tendency. The niche breadth of the 6 dominant chigger species showed the following tendency: Herpetacarus hastoclavus＞Leptotrombidium scutellare＞Leptotrombidium sinicum＞Helenicula simena＞Leptotrombidium hiemalis＞Leptotrombidium eothenomydis. There was a wide niche overlap between any two chigger species with all indices beyond 0.76. Slight positive association existed between each two dominant species of chigger mites by the coefficient of association（V）. Conclusion The community structure of chigger mites on the 7 major species of rodent hosts is complex, reflecting a high diversity of mite species. The niche breadth of the 6 dominant chigger species is different with a wide niche overlap.

Immunotherapy with Recombinant House Dust Mite Group 2 Allergen Vaccine Inhibits Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice

YUHai-qiong;LIUZhi-gang;YUKun-ying;XUZuo-qian;QIUJing

2006, 24(6):  4-419. 

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Objective To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of subcutaneously given recombinant Der p 2 entrapped PLGA nanoparticles （DEPN） on mouse model with allergic airway inflammation. Methods 40 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups， group A （normal control） were treated with saline （100 μl） all the time， groups B， C， D and E were sensitized intraperitoneally with crude dust mite extracts （10 μg） and then subcutaneously treated respectively with PBS （100 μl）， 2 mg empty PLGA （EP）， 100 μg rDer p 2， and 2 mg DEPN （loaded with 100 μg rDer p 2） for 3 times， once per day， followed by intranasal challenge of 50 μg rDer p 2. One day post challenge， mice were sac-rificed and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） was collected. Number of the total cells and eosinophils was deter-mined， and airway inflammation and mucus secretion were analyzed by haematoxylin and eosin （H&E） staining and pe-riodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining. Level of cytokines in the supernatant of splenocyte culture was assayed by ELISA. Level of rDer p 2 specific IgG2a and IgE in the sera was determined by ELISA. Results The lung histology showed devel-opment of eosinophil infiltration in the airway of mice in groups B and C. The lung inflammation and mucus secretion in groups D and E were significantly alleviated than that of groups B and C. Number of total cells （63.50±5.12） and eosinophils （15.32±3.04） in BALF decreased in group B. Compared with group B， the number of total cells in groups D（55.3±5.20） × 10⁴ /ml and E （41.00±4.91） ×10⁴ /ml greatly decreased （P＜0.05）， and same with that of eosinophils in groups D （9.56±1.09） ×10⁴ /ml and E （3.22±0.31） ×10⁴ /ml. The rDer p 2 specific IgE and IgG2a antibodies in group B were 1.14±0.105 and 0.14±0.07 respectively. The level of specific IgE was significantly lower （P＜0.01） in groups D （0.93±0.04） and E （0.77±0.09）， and that of IgG2a in groups D （1.02±0.01） and E （1.17±0.46） were significantly higher （P＜0.01） than that in group B. The level of IL-4 and IFN-γ in BALF in group B were （78.90±6.07） pg/ml and （27.30±3.51） pg/ml respectively. IL-4 in groups D and E was （55.6±3.79） pg/ml and （48.6±4.50）pg/ml respectively， significantly lower （P＜0.01） than that of group B; while IFN-γ （68.50±2.87） pg/ml in group E was significantly higher than that of group B （P＜0.01）. IL-4 released from cultured splenocytes in groups D and E was （56.30±4.85） pg/ml and （40.20±4.36） pg/ml respectively， significantly lower than that in group B （81.2±6.84 pg/ml） （P＜0.01）. The released IFN-γ in group E was （70.20±3.85） pg/ml， significantly higher than in group B （34.60±2.25） pg/ml （P＜0.01）. Conclusion DEPN can in-hibit airway allergic inflammation， its mechanism may be relevant to a balance of Th1 and Th2.

The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Identification of9 Taenia saginata Isolates from Four Provinces

ZHANGKe;YANGMing;BAOHuai-en

2006, 24(6):  5-424. 

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Objective To make molecular identification for 9 isolates of Taenia saginata from 4 provinces. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the segments of adult tapeworms collected from Taoyuan of Taiwan （TW1），Duyun of Guizhou （DY1， DY2）， Congjiang of Guizhou （CJ1， CJ2， CJ3， CJ4）, Dali of Yunnan （DL1） and Wushi of Xinjiang （XJ1） respectively. PCRs were carried out with 13 random primers. A phylogenetic tree of different geographical strains was constructed. Results 331 DNA fragments were amplified. The number of DNA fragments amplified by single primer was between 3 and 28. The average number of amplified DNA fragments by the 13 primers was 14.15. The average number of fragments from the 9 isolates of T.saginata was 14.08. Phylogenetic tree revealed that there were two branches in the tree， DY1， DY2， DL1 and TW1 occupied one branch, while CJ1， CJ2， CJ3， CJ4 and XJ1 occupied the other one. Conclusions By the RAPD analysis, the isolates DY1， DY2， DL1 and TW1 belong to Taenia saginata asiatica， and the isolates CJ1， CJ2， CJ3， CJ4 and XJ1 belong to T.saginata saginata.

Effect of Artemether on the Tegument of Adult Schistosoma haematobium Recovered from Mice

XIAOShu-hua;MarcelTANNER;SHENBing-gui;JürgUTZINGER;JacquesCHOLLET

2006, 24(6):  6-432. 

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Objective To assess the effect of artemether on the tegument of adult Schistosoma haematobium harbored in mice. Methods Ten mice were infected subcutaneously with 100-120 S. haematobium cercariae each. At day 81 post-infection， 8 mice were treated orally with 400 mg/kg artemether. Mice were sacrificed at 1， 3， 7 and 14 days post-treatment， and schistosomes were collected by the perfusion technique， fixed and examined under a scanning electron microscope. Schistosomes obtained from the 2 untreated mice served as a control. Results Twenty-four hours post-treatment， tubercles on the tegument of male worms showed lesions， characterized by enlargement， collapse and partial peeling off from the border with the tegument. In both male and female worms， the tegument showed focal or extensive swelling， fusion， vacuolization， erosion， peeling， and destruction of sensory structures. Three days post-treatment， tegumental alterations further aggravated; particularly severe damage was the swelling or collapse of the oral sucker observed in both sexes. In addition， extensive swelling， erosion and peeling of tegumental ridges and destruction of discoid-like sensory structures were seen in female worms. Seven to 14 days post-treatment， moderate-to-severe damage was still evident in some worms， whereas other worms surviving the treatment showed apparent recovery in most parts of their tegument. Conclusion Artemether causes extensive and severe tegumental damage in adult S. haematobium.

Protective Effects of Co-Immunization with SjCTPI-Hsp70 andInterleukin-12 DNA Vaccines against Schistosoma japonicumChallenge Infection in Water Buffalo

YUXin-ling;HEYong-kang;XIONGTie;ZHAOYa-qin;SHIMeng-zhi;ZHOUJie;LIUZong-chuan;LUOXin-song;FUXiao;HEHong-bin;D.A.HARN;LIYue-sheng

2006, 24(6):  7-436. 

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Objective To induce protective effect of co-immunization with S.japonicum triose-phosphate isomerase fused to heat shock protein 70 （SjCTPI-Hsp70） plasmid and interleukin-12 （IL-12） DNA vaccines against Schistosoma japonicum （Chinese strain） infection in water buffalo. Methods Forty-five 8-10 months-old water buffalo from a non-endemic area were divided into three treatment groups each with fifteen buffalo: experimental group A （SjCTPI-Hsp70+IL-12， 300 μg）， experimental group B （SjCTPI+IL-12， 300 μg）， and control group C （pVAX+IL-12， 300 μg）. All buffalo were immunized with a series of 3 intramuscular injections administered once every four weeks. Twenty-eight days post-vaccination， water buffalo were percutaneously challenged with 1 000 S.japonicum cercariae. Fecal examinations were con-ducted two days prior， one day prior， and on perfusion day， and the number of hatching miracidia and eggs per gram feces were recorded. Fifty-six days post-infection， the buffalo were sacrificed and perfused via the descending aorta. The recovered adult worms and eggs in liver tissue were counted. Results Groups A and B showed a worm reduction rate of 51.2% and 41.5% （χ²=1.89，P＞0.05））， female worm reduction of 48.9% and 44.7%（χ²=0.35，P＞0.05）， fecal egg reduction of 52.1% and 38.3%（χ²=3.84，P＜0.05）， a reduction of miracidia-hatching rate by 52.1% and 33.2% （χ²=7.30，P＜0.01）， and liver egg reduction of 61.5% and 42.0% （χ2=7.61，P＜0.01）， respectively. Conclusion Co-immunization with SjCTPI-Hsp70 and IL-12 DNA vaccines induces protective immunity against S.japonicum in water buffalo.

Studies on the Protective Effect of the Mutant of Sj23 DNAVaccine against Schistosomiasis

ZHUYan-hong;HANQing-xia;RENWei;NIUAn-ou;LILiu-zhe

2006, 24(6):  8-440. 

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Objective To investigate the protective immunity of the vaccine against schistosomiasis， a mutant of Mr 23 000 membrane protein DNA （Sj23DNA） without the homologous sequence of ME491. Methods The mutant of Sj23 DNA with no homologous sequence of ME491 on the cell membrane of human melanoma was obtained by overlap PCR. The mutant was transfected into human embryonic kidney cells of the line HEK293. Indirect fluorescent antibody test （IFAT） was used to detect the expressed protein. Expression of the mutant of Sj23DNA in muscular cells of mice was conducted through vaccinating the mouse with 100 μg purified plasmids by injecting them into the quadriceps muscle of thigh. Four weeks after the immunization， the quadriceps muscles were taken and cryostat sections were prepared for detecting the expression by IFAT. Forty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups and injected with the mutant of pcDNA3-Sj23 plasmid DNA， pcDNA3-Sj23 plasmid DNA， pcDNA3 blank plasmid （100 μg per mouse） and sterile saline （30 μl per mouse） respectively. Four weeks after the immunization， mice were challenged with cercariae （40±2 cercariae per mouse） by abdominal skin penetration. Mice were then killed 6 weeks later， perfusion and squash methods were carried out to collect the adult worms and the number of eggs per gram of liver tissue was calculated. Worm and egg reduction rates were used to evaluate the protective immunity. Results Specific fluorescence was demonstrated in muscular cells of mice vaccinated with the mutant of pcDNA3-Sj23. The worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate were 40.3% and 42.8% respectively in the mutant of pcDNA3-Sj23 group， which were higher than those in the pcDNA3-Sj23 plasmid group （33.1% and 28.9% respectively）. The difference between these two groups was significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion The modified Sj23DNA without the homologous sequence of ME491 induces higher protection against Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice than that of Sj23DNA.

Effect of Anti-Midgut-Protein-Ingredient Antibodies of Anophelesstephensi on the Oocysts of Plasmodium yoelii

WEIQiu-fen;ZENGLing-e;SUNBao-qing;SHAOChang-ling;WANGFeng-yun;ZHUXin-ping

2006, 24(6):  9-444. 

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Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of the antibodies against midgut-protein-ingredient of Anopheles stephensi on the oocysts of Plasmodium yoelii. Methods Female An. stephensi mosquitoes raised in laboratory were dissected and the midguts were collected. Eight BALB/c mice were immunized using midgut-protein （100 μg/mouse， 4 times with an interval of 7~10day）. Ten days after the last immunization, blood was taken from mice armpit artery and serum separated. The immune active antigen of the midgut protein was analyzed by Western blotting. Protein with Mr 38 000~50 000 was separated by sephadex filtering and used to immunize 12 BALB/c mice （100 μg/mouse, 4 times with interval of 7~10 days）. PBS control group was established. Seven days after the last immunization, serum antibody was detected by ELISA. When the antibody titer in immunized mice reached ≥1:2 560, mice in both groups were infected by P. yoelii （about 2×10⁷ plasmodium-infected RBC） by abdominal injection. The mosquitoes were fed on the infected mice when the number of female gametes was higher than 2 per 10 microscopical fields 3 days later. After 9 days, the mosquitoes were dissected and the amount of oocysts in midgut was counted. Results Eight protein bands were shown in midgut-protein of An. stephensi by Western blotting and the band of Mr 38 000~50 000-midgut-protein appeared clearer. The infection rate of oocysts in the experiment and control groups were 28.70% （62/216） and 51.09% （47/92） respectively （P＜0.05）, with an oocyst index of 14.14 （1 541/109） and 26.02 （1 223/47） respectively （P＜0.01）. Conclusions The midgut protein of Anopheles stephensi with Mr 38 000~50 000 has immune activity, and the antibodies against this protein shows an inhibitory effect on the development of oocysts of Plasmodium yoelii.

实验研究

DNA Vaccine Encoding SjIR3 Induces Partial Immune Protectionagainst Schistosoma japonicum in Mice

HAOZhi-you;HUANGFu-shen;YUANXin;CHENEr-man;QIUYuan;LIUYi

2006, 24(6):  10-448. 

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Objective To detect the protection in mice induced by DNA vaccine encoding SjIR3 against Schistosoma japonicum（Sj）. Methods SjIR3 was amplified by PCR with specific primers and linked to T vector. The reconstructed plasmid was digested by XhoⅠand BamHⅠ. The target segments were collected and inserted into pcDNA3.0 to construct DNA vaccine SjIR3/pC. Fifty-four female mice were divided into 3 groups: groups A and B received normal saline and pcDNA3.0 respectively as controls, and group C was immunized with SjIR3/pC. All the mice were injected three times with an interval of two weeks. Sera were collected before each inoculation and before challenge infection. Six mice from each group were sacrificed 2 weeks after the final inoculation and spleen cells were collected. Serum IgG was detected by ELISA and the proliferation activity of spleen T lymphocytes induced by ConA or rSjIR3 was detected by MTT assay. The remaining mice were infected by （40±1） Sj cercariae per mouse 2 weeks after the final inoculation. Forty-five days later, mice were sacrificed and perfused, numbers of adult worms and of eggs in liver tissue were counted. Results ELISA showed no significant change of serum IgG level in groups A and B, but considerable increase in group C （0.78±0.05）（P<0.01）. The proliferation activity of spleen T lymphocytes increased with the induction of ConA or recombinant protein rSjIR3 after the final inoculation. The A₅₇₀ was 0.57±0.02 and 0.68±0.01 respectively, showing a significant difference in comparison to the groups A and B （P<0.01）. The worm reduction rate and the egg reduction rate in group C were 29.42% and 36.56% respectively. Conclusion DNA vaccine encoding SjIR3 induces humoral and cell-mediated immune response, and shows partial immune protection against Schistosoma japonicum.

Observation on the Ultrastructure of Pneumocystis carinii

GONGYu-xiang;CHANGZhi-shang;Zhong-guang;ZENGXian-zhong;TANJin-shan;ZHAORong;WANGYuan-song

2006, 24(6):  11-452. 

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Objective To study the life cycle and morphology of Pneumocystis carinii by ultrastructural observation. Methods Wistar rat model of P.carinii infection was established by subcutaneous injection with dexamethasone. Lung tissue of the infected rats was used for the transmission electron microscopical study. Results The organisms were mainly present in the lung alveolar cavity, and also in the alveolar septem, pulmonary macrophages and neutrophils. More trophozoites of P. carinii attached to the type Ⅰ alveolar epithelial cells, and rarely to the type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells. Most of these trophozoites showed pseudopodial evaginations on their pellicles. The nucleus-associated organelle and spindle microtubules were observed in some trophozoites. The precyst phase was in three forms: early, intermediate and late form. Synaptonemal complexes indicating meiotic nuclear divisions and a clump of mitochondria were also observed in the precyst. The pellicle of the cyst has a thickened portion with a pore. There were nucleus with nucleolus, mitochondrion, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes in the organisms, and tubular expansions on its surface. Conclusion The life cycle of P. carinii consists of trophozoite, precyst and cyst stages. The presence of a single pore in the cyst wall reveals that pore formation may be a mode of excystation for intracystic bodies of P. carinii.

Preparation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibody Against Sporozoites of Eimeria acervulina

WANGCheng-min;HEHong-xuan;QINJian-hua;CHENGui-xiang;GUOQi-zhen;HANGBo-lin

2006, 24(6):  12-456. 

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Objective To establish hybridoma cell lines against sporozoites of Eimeria acervulina. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with purified sporozoites of E. acervulina. Hybridoma cell lines were set up by using hybridoma technique， and monoclonal antibodies were prepared. The monoclonal antibody was identified by determining their cross reactivity， relative affinity， immunoglobulin class or subclass with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results Four hybridoma cell lines stably secreting McAbs against sporozoites were obtained: Easp-3G3 and Easp-5G10 belonging to IgG1， Easp-3H6 belonging to IgG2b， Easp-5H4 belonging to IgG2a. All four McAbs bound with E. acervulina sporozoite protein， but the Easp-5H4 McAb showed cross reactivity with E. tenellum sporozoite protein. Different antigenic epitopes were recognized by Easp-3G3 or Easp-5G10 and Easp-3H6 or Easp-5H4. Conclusion Three of the four produced monoclonal antibodies show high specificity and affinity to the Eimeria acervilina sporozoites.

综述

Advances in Research on Virulence Factors of Entamoeba histolytica

CHENYi;CHENGXun-jia

2006, 24(6):  13-460. 

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The parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is an important pathogen responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis in human， claiming up to 100 000 victims every year. This parasite is characterized by its high potential for invading and destroying human tissues. Invasion past the mucous barrier of the colonic epithelium leads to the development of colitis and amebic dysentery. Dissemination of the trophozoite through blood stream permits the invasion of other tissues， resulting in abscesses in extracolonic location. Several virulence factors have been proposed to be involved in E. histolytica pathogenicity. This review is to summarize the advances in the research.

The Advancement on Mitochondrion of Cryptosporidium

WANGJin-chan*;ZHANGLong-xian;NINGChang-shen;Fu-chun;SHAOZhao-xia;SHITuan-yuan

2006, 24(6):  14-465. 

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Cryptosporidiosis is an important apicomplexan disease with medical and veterinary significance. There is still no effective drug for its control. Mitochondrion is an organelle which contains most protein and enzyme in eukaryotes， so the mitochondrion of Cryptosporidium may be a potential target of drugs. Recent studies provided evidence for a mitochondrial derived compartment in this parasite. But the organelle has some difference to that of other apicomplexan parasites. This organelle appears to lack its genome， and thus must be entirely dependent on nuclear-encoded proteins. This article reviews the evidence for the organelle in Cryptosporidium and its probable function.

学术交流

Advances in Biological Taxonomy and Classification of Human Parasites

ZHANGJin-shun

2006, 24(6):  15-470. 

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Along with the further development of biological science and technology, the taxonomy of organisms as well as classification of parasites have been modified and improved. However the taxonomic system of parasites used in China nowadays was established 25 years ago. This paper outlined the advances of biological taxonomy and introduces the Cox′s new classification of parasites so as to promote parasitological research.

研究简报

Detection of Periplaneta americana sIgE withChemiluminescent Immunoassay （CLIA）

WANGQin;LIUZhi-gang;JIKun-mei

2006, 24(6):  16-472. 

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Crude extract of Periplaneta americana was prepared by liquid nitrogen grinding. After being purified with DEAE Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography， the protein content of the extract was determined and the extract solution was prepared at gradient concentrations. The crude extract and purified allergen at different concentrations were dotted respectively on nitrocellulose （NC） membrane. Patient serum， bio-IgE， sa-HRP， luminal regents were added to the membrane. The chemiluminescence was displayed by exposing to X-film. The result revealed that the minimum protein content of crude Periplaneta americana extract detected by CLIA is 0.87μg/ml， with 90% accordance to skin test positive patients， and 100% accordance to those with negative skin test and ELISA detection.

Electron Microscopical Observation on Rats with Pneumocystis cariniiPneumonia Treated with Brucea javanica and Fructus Psoraleae

RENYi-xin;QINYuan-hua;ZHENGLi-li;DAIXiao-dong;TAOLin;CHENYu-feng;CUIYu*

2006, 24(6):  17-475. 

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Rats with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia （PCP） were established by hypodermic injection of dexame-thasone and treated by brucea javanica combined with fructus psoraleae 2 ml （Brucea javanica 0.12 mg and fructus psoraleae 1.0 mg） per rat per day for 7 days or 14 days. The effect of cyst-killing and the pathological change were observed under transmission electron microscope. Lung damage was alleviated or repaired， and a significant reduction of cysts was shown in the treatment group. The results show that a combination of Brucea javanica and fructus psoraleae played a significant restraining and killing effect on cysts, and helped repair the impairment of pneumonia.

Serum IL-12 Level in Mice Infected with Trichinella spiralis

WANQi-hui;WANGJia-li;HELi-fang;LIUHui;ZHANGXi

2006, 24(6):  18-476. 

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Kunming mice were infected by feeding 150±5 larvae of Trichinella spiralis, established was also a normal control group. Blood was collected from the ophthalmic venous plexus respectively on 7 d, 21 d, 35 d and 49 d after infection and IL-12 in the serum was detected by ELISA. The level of IL-12 in serum decreased in groups of 7 d, 21 d, and 35 d, with a significant difference to the control （P<0.01）. However, there was no significant difference between 49 d group and control （P>0.05）, suggesting that the serum IL-12 of the Trichinella spiralis-infected mice significantly decreased at the earlier stage but approached to normal at a later stage.

An in Vitro Test of Propolis against Trichomonas vaginalis

XUBing-hong;SHIMing-zhu

2006, 24(6):  19-478. 

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Cultured T.vaginalis was used for the anti-trichomonas test at different times, concentrations of propolis and densities of the parasites. After being cultured for 0, 6, 12, 24 hrs, the survival rate of the parasites was （91.50±3.11）%， （43.00±6.83）%， （22.25±5.32）% and （11.50±5.74）% respectively with a significant difference between propolis group and the control. Under the concentrations of 0.24, 0.48, 0.96, 1.92, 3.84 and 7.68 （mg/ml） with 24 hrs culture, the survival rate was （88.00±5.29）%， （92.67±4.16）%， （90.0±6.00）%， （84.00±4.00）%， （2.67±1.15）%， and 0 respectively. The results showed that propolis possesses clear in vitro anti-trichomonas activity which is relevant to the duration of culture and the concentration of the agent.

A Novel Synthesized Schistosoma japonicum MiracidiumAttractant Imprinted Polymer

LIUMin;ZHOUXing-guo;HELi-hong;LIGui-ling;ZHOUYi-kai

2006, 24(6):  20-480. 

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A novel molecularly imprinted polymer with adequate attractability for Schistosoma japonicum miracidia was prepared. When adulterated with polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）， the fabricated film with good swelling property was formed which can suspend on water and slowly release XF （a chemical to be published）. This reusable film can well attract Schistosoma japonicum miracidia， and hopefully be used in the prevention of schistosome infection.