Table of Content

28 February 2007, Volume 25 Issue 1

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论著

Expression and Immunogenicity Evaluation of Ectodomain and Subdomains of Plasmodium berghei Apical Membrane Antigen 1

LIShu-ling;ZHANGDong-mei;CAOYi;PANWei-qing

2007, 25(1):  1-5. 

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Objective To express and evaluate the immunogenicity of ectodomain and its subdomains of Plasmodium berghei apical membrane antigen 1(PbAMA-1). Methods Sequence of PbAMA-1 gene was isolated from the genome of P. berghei, and was redesigned and divided into three overlapped fragments according to its subdomain structure. The codon-optimized DNA fragments of PbAMA-1 were synthesized and inserted into vector pET32a for expression in E. coli and the recombinant proteins were purified by Ni-NTA column, followed by refolding in vitro. Mice and rabbits were immunized with the recombinant proteins formulated with Freund adjuvant. Titer of the specific antibodies was detected by ELISA and IFA. The immunized mice were challenged by P.berghei to evaluate protective efficacy in vivo. Results The sequence of the PbAMA-1 gene was shown to be identical to that published before. PbAMA-1 sequence was redesigned via codon optimization and synthesized. Both ectodomain and its subdomains of PbAMA-1 were successfully expressed in E.coli after induction. The proteins were isolated with the purity of more than 90% after Ni column purification and refolding in vitro. Immunization of mice with the recombinant proteins induced high level of specific antibodies. The antibody titer to ectodomain E after the 3rd immunization showed a strong immunogenicity at （34.4±0.15）×10^-4. The antibodies interacted with the parasites by indirect fluorescence. The immunized mice were partially protected from the challenge of P.berghei. Conclusion The recombinant PbAMA-1 is highly immunogenic and induces protective immunity against the challenge of P.berghei.

Cloning and Fusion Expression of Adenosine Deaminase of Schistosoma japonicum

YANGZhong;XUBin;WANGWei;FENGZheng;WEIDong-zhi;HUWei

2007, 25(1):  2-11. 

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Objective To clone and express a new protein adenosine deaminase of Schistosoma japonicum (SjADA). Method Specific primers were designed according to the EST sequence and used for amplification of the encoding sequence from the cDNA clone containing SjADA. The gene was sub-cloned into pET32 plasmid and expressed in E.coli BL31(DE) pLys strain and the recombinant proteins were purified by chelating sepharose FF. The structure and phylifunctions of this protein were analyzed by MrBayes and GeneAtlas. Result The full length sequence of SjADA gene was obtained and the recombinant protein was cloned, expressed and purified successfully. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the identity of SjADA and SmADA gene sequence was only 25% and they belonged to different subfamily. The structure of SjADA had 41% identity with it’s PDB template 1A4M. Conclusion The recombinant protein of SjADA has been obtained. The purine salvage pathway of S. japonicum may be different with that of S.mansoni.

Secreted Expression of Signaling Protein 14-3-3 of Schistosoma japanicom in Pichia pastoris System with Primary Evaluation on its Antigenicity

ZHENGMei-juan;LIMin;WANGZhi-cheng;LUOFei;LUOQing-li;CHUDe-yong;LICong-lei;SHENJi-long

2007, 25(1):  3-16. 

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Objective To express signaling protein Sj14-3-3 in Pichia pastoris and compare its antigenicity with prokaryotic expression one. Methods Sj14-3-3 in gene was amplified from pET28aSj14-3-3 in recombinant plasmid, cloned into vector pMD18-T followed by sequencing. The Sj14-3-3 gene was subcloned into the expression vector pPICZα-B and transformed into Pichia pastoris X-33 by electroporation. The transformants were identified by sequencing. Three transformants with high copies were obtained when selected under zeocin, and expression was induced with methanol. The culture supernatant was collected and tested by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The specificity and sensitivity of eukaryotic expression rSj14-3-3 in Pichia pastoris were compared with that from prokaryotic expression by detecting sera of patients with schistsomiasis by indirect ELISA. Results The Sj14-3-3 ingene was integrated into Pichia pastoris, and the gene of interest detected by PCR was with 1 300 bp. After induction by methanol， the Sj14-3-3 in gene was expressed and secreted into the medium． The molecular weight of the recombinant protein was determined as about Mr 35 000 by SDSPAGE． Western blotting showed that the protein has a high specificity against mouse-anti-Sj14-3?-3 monoclonal antibody. The recombinant protein had a promising immune reactivity. Indirect ELISA showed that by using eukaryotic expression rSj14-3?-3 in Pichia pastoris, the positive rate in 36 cases of acute schistosomiasis was 81％, with no cross-reactivity in 12 cases of Clonorchis sinensis, 9.3％ cross-reactivity in 32 cases of normal sera. While using prokaryotic expression rSj14?-3-3 in E.coli, the positive rate in 36 cases of acute schistosomiasis was 88.9％, with 16.7％ cross-reactivity in 12 cases of Clonorchis sinensis, 12.5％ cross-reactivity in 32 cases of normal sera. There was no statistically significant difference of the results（P＞0.05）. Conclusion The recombinant protein Sj14-3-3 of eukaryotic expression in Pichia pastoris has been successfully harvested and shows a promising immunological potential.

Studies on Mechanism of Protective Immunity Against Infection of Schistosoma japonicum Induced by Sj26 Gene Transfected Dendritic Cell

SHENDing-wen;LUOJin-ping;LIYong-long;LIUWen-qi;LONGXiao-chun

2007, 25(1):  4-21. 

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Objective To explore the mechanism of protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum infection induced by Sj26 gene transfected dendritic cell (DC). Methods 48 BALB/c mice were divided randomly into 4 groups with 12 each. The mice were injected through auricle for three times with Sj26 gene transfected DC (Group A), pcDNA3 transfected DC (Group B), untreated DC (Group C) and RPMI-1640 (Group D) respectively, and challenged with 40±2 cercariae of S. japonicum per mouse 2 weeks after the last immunization. Sera from mice were examined for IgG antibody, IFN-γ and IL-4 by ELISA. Western blot was used for detecting specific anti-Sj26 IgG antibody. The production of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the supernatant of spleen cells stimulated with soluble egg antigen (SEA) and ConA was quantified by sandwich ABC-ELISA. The proliferation of spleen cells were measured with MTT method. Results IgG antibody increased significantly in the mice of group A at 2 weeks after the last immunization（absorbency A₄₉₁=0.117）, higher than that of group B（A₄₉₁=0.061） and group C（A₄₉₁=0.058）（P<0.05）. The Mr 26 000 antigen of S. japonicum was strongly recognized by sera from group A by Western blot. The level of IL-4 in mice of each group showed no significant difference before and after immunization. The level of IFN-γ in group A（101.4±4.9 pg/ml） was significantly higher than that before immunization (15.0±1.9 pg/ml) and that of group B（40.1±3.1 pg/ml） and group C（35.6±1.2 pg/ml）（P<0.01）. The level of IFN-γ in spleen cells from group A in response to ConA and SEA (171.2 and 70.8 pg/ml, respectively) was higher than that of group D (91 and 49.7 pg/ml, respectively) （P<0.01）. The level of IL-4 in spleen cells from group A in response to ConA and SEA (79.7 and 50.7 pg/ml, respectively) was lower than that of group D (125.2 and 70.5 pg/ml, respectively) （P<0.01）. The stimulating index of spleen cells from group A was 4.1 and 2.82 in response to ConA and SEA respectively, higher than that of other groups (compared with group D, P<0.05). Conclusion Sj26 gene transfected dendritic cell induces predominant Th1 type immune response which might play a role in protection against S. japonicum infection.

Cloning， Expression and Purification of Dust Mite Allergen Der f 3 and Identification of its Allergic Activity

CAICheng-yu;BAIYu;LIUZhi-gang;JIKun-mei

2007, 25(1):  5-26. 

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Objective To clone， express and identify Der f 3 gene. Methods Live mites were collected from southern China region， identified as Dermatophagoides farinae， and cultured. The total RNA was extracted. The Der f 3 gene fragment was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The Der f 3 gene fragment encoding a serine protease mature peptide was sub-cloned into the expression vector pET-His. The recombinant pET-Der f 3 plasmid was inserted into E.coli BL21 and induced to express Der f 3 coding protein by IPTG. The recombinant Der f 3 with 6 his-tag was then purified by chelating resin and its allergic activity was identified by Western blotting. Results The Der f 3 gene fragment with 840 bases was determined. Its sequence homology with the published one （GenBank No.D63858） was 99.5% at nucleotide level. It was sub-cloned into expressing vector pET-His and the recombinant allergen rDer f 3 was highly expressed in E.coli BL21（DE3） under induction of IPTG， and purified by 6-His-tag purification system. Using Western blotting method， the allergic activity of the purified recombinant allergen was identified as its affinity to IgE antibodies from the mite-allergic patient sera. Conclusion Der f 3 gene has been successfully cloned and its prokaryotic expression vector is constructed.

Study on the Changes of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Level in Sera of Rats Infected with Pneumocystis carinii

LIUKe-qin;YINWei-dong;XUEGui-ping;ZHANGJin-shun

2007, 25(1):  6-31. 

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Objectives To examine sICAM-1 in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and the effect of TMP-SMZ therapy on its level and on pathological and immunological changes in rats. Methods 50 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group (N group), PCP model group (PCP group) and TMP-SMZ therapy group (SMZ group). 1 mg of dexamethasone was injected intramuscularly twice a week for rats in PCP and SMZ groups to induce PCP. Normal saline was injected for N group in the same way. When the infection was confirmed, TMP-SMZ was given to rats in SMZ group by 25 mg/(kg.d) for 5 days for 3 courses with an interval of 2 weeks. sICAM-1 in serum was detected by ELISA, and the pathological changes in lungs and liver and the Pc in alveoli of lungs were observed. Results The level of sICAM-1 in PCP and SMZ groups at the 3rd week [(1.847±0.50) ng/ml，(1.787±0.59) ng/ml] was lower notably than that at 0 week[（2.407±0.81) ng/ml， [(2.478±0.59) ng/ml respectively](P<0.05), and then increased gradually. It was significantly higher in PCP group at 9th week[（3.233±0.83) ng/ml] and at 12th week[（3.984±0.87) ng/ml] than that of 0 week (P<0.05). Its level in SMZ group at 12th week[（3.621±1.62) ng/ml] was also higher than that in 0 week [（2.478±0.59) ng/ml] (P<0.05). sICAM-1 level in both PCP and SMZ groups at 9th week and 12th week was higher than that of N group (P<0.05，P<0.01). There was no significant difference between SMZ and PCP groups at 9th week and 12th week (P>0.05). Conclusion The sICAM-1 level in rats was low but significantly increases after the induction of PCP.

Morphological Observation on the Adult Worms of Taenia saginata in Western China

MOURong;BAOHuai-en;QIUXue-li;CHENYan;LANGShu-yuan;HUANGJiang;LIJian-hua;ZHUWu-jun;ZHANGKe;LING-HuYan

2007, 25(1):  7-35. 

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Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of the adult worms of Taenia saginata from four areas of Western China. Methods 42， 41， 7 and 18 integral worms of Taenia saginata were collected from Duyun and Congjiang of Guizhou Province， Wushi of Xinjiang， and Lhasa of Tibet respectively. The length of worms was measured and the segments were counted. The specimens of scolex， mature and gravid proglottids of the worms were stained， measured and photographed. Results The mean length of the worms from Duyun， Congjiang， Wushi and Lasa was （1.81±0.69） m， （3.84±1.32） m， （2.76±0.86） m and （3.72±1.12） m， and with （574.64±189.33）， （913.84±317.41）， （971.29±168.30） and（940.38±368.26） proglottids， respectively. The mean ratio of the distance between two lateral excretory vessels and the length of vitellarium of the mature proglottids was （1.71±0.13）， （2.23±0.06）， （2.03±0.21）， （2.31±0.15） respectively. All the 3 parameters of the worms from Duyun were significantly less than those from other 3 areas（P<0.05）. Rudimentary rostellum was found obviously in 3 of 10 scolices of the worms from Duyun. Conclusion The morphological characteristics of the adult worms from Duyun are similar to that of Taenia saginata asiatica， while those of the worms from Congjiang， Wushi and Lhasa are alike to those of Taenia saginata saginata.
【Key words】 Taenia saginata asiatica； Taenia saginata saginata； Adult worm； Morphology

实验研究

Giardia canis Virus Transfection Vector-Mediated Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein in the Parasite

CHENLi-feng;LIJian-hua;LIUQuan;ZHAOYue-ping;CAOLi-li;ZHANGXi-chen

2007, 25(1):  8-40. 

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Objective To construct Giardia canis virus (GCV) transfection vector. Methods According to transcriptional start site, replication origin and packaging site of GCV genome (DQ238861), a system was developed for the expression of a foreign gene in this organism by flanking the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene with the fragments of GCV positive-strand RNA. The transcript of the construct was synthesized in vitro with T7 RNA polymerase and used to transfect GCV-infected trophozoites by electroporation. Results The recombinant plasmid pGCV634/GFP/GCV2174 was constructed. The expression of green fluorescent protein mediated by GCV transfection vector in Giardia canis peaked at 1 d after electroporation(A₄₉₀=1.8), and slowly decreased until 14 d post-transfection. Conclusion The engineered GCV vector can be successfully used to introduce and efficiently express a heterologous gene in the eukaryotic microorganism.

Effect of Dihydroartemisinin on the Ultrastructure of Trichomonas vaginalis Trophozoites in vitro

TANGZi-hao;ZHOUXiao-ou;GAOXing-zheng

2007, 25(1):  9-44. 

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　Objective To observe the effect of dihydroartemisinin(DHA) on the ultrastructure of Trichomonas vaginalis cultured in vitro. Methods The trophozoites of T.vaginalis were cultivated with liver extract solution medium containing 1 mg/ml dihydroartemisinin, and were then observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopes after the treatment for 2.5-4.0 h. Results The cell membranes of the trophozoites treated with DHA were damaged considerably. The surface of T.vaginalis showed deepening folds， hollow， and cracks. The nuclear membrane appeared fractures. There were a few of crevices in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Disordered and dilated endoplasmic reticulum, injured and deformed hydrogenosomes were found. Cytoplasm of the damaged parasites spilled over from torn place. After the cell membrane was peeled off, the nuclei, hydrogenosomes and pelta were exposed, which finally resulted in the death of the denatured parasites. Conclusion Dihydroartemisinin can destroy membrane structure and organelles of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites, which leads to decomposition and necrosis of the parasites.

Study on Molluscicidal Effect of the Extracts from Sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba

CHENSheng-xia;YANGXiao-ming;WULiang;LILong-gen;ZHANGRong-xian;XIALei;SHAOShi-he

2007, 25(1):  10-48. 

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Objective To observe the molluscicidal activity and the fish acute toxicity of the molluscicides extracted from Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta by benzinum (EGSB) (with major component of ginkgolic acid), arecoline (ARE) and their combination. Methods Oncomelania hupensis snails were immersed in different concentrations of dry powder sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba (DPGB), extract of Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta by water(EGSW) and EGSB by WHO recommended method for molluscicide screening to observe the molluscicidal activity, and also the inhibiting effect on the snails’ climbing?鄄up as well as acute toxicity to Brachydanio rerio. Niclosamide was used as control. Results The three extractions from Ginkgo biloba all showed molluscicidal activity, with EGSB as the best. Its 24 h LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ were 0.65 mg/L and 5.50 mg/L, and the 48 h LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ were 0.07 mg/L and 0.85 mg/L, respectively. The combination of EGSB and ARE showed better effect than EGSB alone. Its 24 h LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ were 0.26 mg/L and 0.56 mg/L respectively, a sharp decrease by 60% and 90% compared to EGSB (P<0.05). Under the concentration of 2.50 mg/L of EGSB, the rate of snails’ climbing-up was 10%, while under the concentration of 0.16 mg/L of the EGSB+ARE combination, the rate was 8%. The inhibition on the snails’ climbing-up of the combination was stronger than EGSB. The fish survived for 24 h and 10 h respectively at the concentration of 1×LC₉₀ and 2×LC₉₀ of EGSB. Under the concentration of 2×LC₉₀ of the combination, only 50% of the fish died and no fish died at the concentration of 1×LC₉₀. The toxicity of the combination was lower than EGSB alone. Conclusion EGSB shows an adequate molluscicidal activity and it is worth of further investigation.

Study on the Localization of a Major Allergen Der f 2 by Fluorescence Immunohistochemical Method

LIMeng;BAOYing;LIUZhi-gang

2007, 25(1):  11-52. 

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Objective To localize Der f 2 in the body of Dermatophagoides farinae. Methods Live mites were embedded. Serial mite paraffin sections were made and checked under light microscope. The sections were incubated with anti-recombinant Der f 2 monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. They were then reacted with the fluorescent isothiocyanate conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG as the secondary antibody. The sections were examined with fluorescent light microscopy. Results Der f 2 reacting with immunofluorescent antibodies was found localized in the tissue and contents of the mid-gut of the mite. Conclusion The major allergen Der f 2 distributes in the gut and fecal pellets of Dermatophagoides farinae.

A Comparative Study of Three Methods in Detecting Angiostrongylus cantonensis Larvae in Lung Tissue of Pomacea canaliculata

LIUHe-xiang;ZHANGYi;LVShan;ZHUDan;WANGXian-hong;HULing;ZHOUXiao-nong

2007, 25(1):  12-56. 

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Objective To compare the efficiency of three methods， lung-microscopy, tissue homogenate and enzyme digestion in the detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae from the lungs of snails. Methods 60 Pomacea canaliculata infected by the first-stage larvae of A. cantonensis were devided into 2 groups and the lung of each snail from the two groups was separated from the soft body. All the lungs were examined under microscope and larval nodes were counted. Each lung from one group was ground and that from the other was artificially digested by enzyme, the number of larvae in each lung was recorded. The efficiency of three methods was compared. Enzyme digestion was also used to estimate number of larvae in lung and in other body parts. Results By using enzyme digestion as the standard method, the detection rate of lung-microscopy, tissue homogenate and enzyme digestion was 96.7%, 93.4% and 100% respectively ( χ²=2.069，P>0.05), while the lung-microscopy was significantly faster (Z=4.782, P＜0.01). The number of larvae in snail lung was positively correlated with that in other part (r=0.847, P＜0.01). Conclusions The lung-microscopy in larvae detection is similarly efficient to the other two methods but faster, which is therefore more suitable for snail screening in the field.

A Preliminary Study on Preservation Methods of Blastocystis hominis

TIANChun-lin;WANXiao-ling;LIUDeng-yu;HEDeng-xian

2007, 25(1):  13-60. 

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Objective To observe the effect of different cryoprotective agents and temperature factors on the viability of Blastocystis hominis so as to explore the ideal method for preservation of B. hominis. Methods B. hominis agents were obtained from a patient′s fecal specimen. Having washed by normal saline and divided into tubes, the samples were cryopreserved in -20 ℃ refrigerator or in -l96 ℃ liquid nitrogen with 10% DMSO, 40% glycerol and 15% ethylene glycol respectively. The thawed B. hominis agents were then used for culture. By trypan blue staining and microscopy, the viability and proliferation of those resuscitative cells were investigated. Results B. hominis survived for 3 weeks at 18 ℃-20 ℃ while less than 1 week at 4 ℃-6 ℃. When stored in -20 ℃ refrigerator or liquid nitrogen with cryoprotective agents, they survived for more than 3 months. The cryopreservation with 40% glycerol at -196 ℃ for 6 months resulted in 41.7% viability of the revivified cells. Cleavage cells were easily observed after culturing for 72 hours. Conclusion Preserving B. hominis in liquid nitrogen with 40% glycerol is an optimal cryopreservation protocol.

A Preliminary Study on Preservation Methods of Blastocystis hominis

TIANChun-lin;WANXiao-ling;LIUDeng-yu;HEDeng-xian

2007, 25(1):  13-60. 

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Objective To observe the effect of different cryoprotective agents and temperature factors on the viability of Blastocystis hominis so as to explore the ideal method for preservation of B. hominis. Methods B. hominis agents were obtained from a patient′s fecal specimen. Having washed by normal saline and divided into tubes, the samples were cryopreserved in -20 ℃ refrigerator or in -l96 ℃ liquid nitrogen with 10% DMSO, 40% glycerol and 15% ethylene glycol respectively. The thawed B. hominis agents were then used for culture. By trypan blue staining and microscopy, the viability and proliferation of those resuscitative cells were investigated. Results B. hominis survived for 3 weeks at 18 ℃-20 ℃ while less than 1 week at 4 ℃-6 ℃. When stored in -20 ℃ refrigerator or liquid nitrogen with cryoprotective agents, they survived for more than 3 months. The cryopreservation with 40% glycerol at -196 ℃ for 6 months resulted in 41.7% viability of the revivified cells. Cleavage cells were easily observed after culturing for 72 hours. Conclusion Preserving B. hominis in liquid nitrogen with 40% glycerol is an optimal cryopreservation protocol.

防治研究

Asymptomatic Leishmania Infection in Human Population of Wenxian County, Gansu Province

WANGJun-yun;FENGYu;GAOChun-hua;JINChang-fa;CHENSheng-bang;ZHANGChou-ji;HEJin-ping;YANGChen-ming;YANGYue-tao;BAOYi-fang

2007, 25(1):  14-64. 

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Objective To analyze the status of Leishmania infantum asymptomatic infection in human population of a Kala-azar endemic area in Wenxian County, Gansu Province, and to evaluate the tests used. Methods Blood samples were tested by PCR using two pairs of primers, RV1-RV2 and K13A-K13B, for detecting Leishmania-specific DNA. ELISA and rK39-dipstick were used to detect Leishmania-specific antibodies. Results The positive rate of PCR, ELISA and rK39-dipstick was 30.9%（83/269), 24.2%（65/269） and 0(0/269) respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of asymptomatic infection of L. infantum in humans is high in the area. PCR test based on RV1-RV2 and K13A-K13B primer pairs is a sensitive and specific method for detecting the asymptomatic infection.

Dot Immuno-Gold Filtration Assay in the Diagnosis of Suspected Paragonimiasis and Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Effect

WANGYue;SHIXiao-hua;GANXiao-xian

2007, 25(1):  15-68. 

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Objectiv To evaluate the usefulness of dot immuno-gold filtration assay（DIGFA） for the diagnosis of Paragonimus infection. Methods During 2003 to 2006, 72 cases suspected of paragonimiasis in Zhejiang Province were examined with DIGFA for rapid detection of specific antibodies against Paragonimus (Pw-DIGFA). The diagnosis was primarily established with the presence of antibodies, experience of ingesting raw freshwater crabs or crayfishes and clinical presentations. The cases were treated with praziquantel and followed-up at 3 and/or 6 months post-treatment. Antibody level in patients (pre- and post-treatment) were detected in parallel and analyzed comparatively by Pw-DIGFA and ELISA. Results The result of detection by Pw-DIGFA was in agreement with that of ELISA. 28 of 72 cases were antibody positive and 44 cases were negative. Among the 28 positives, 26 cases had a history of eating raw freshwater crab or crayfishes and the other 2 cases drank freshwater from brook before. 21 cases showed paragonimiasis-related clinical symptoms such as low-grade fever, cough, or changes in image examination, while the other 7 cases showed only eosinophilia in peripheral blood (15％-70％). The mean absorbance values (A₄₅₀) of positive sera, negative sera and normal sera tested by ELISA were 1.7361, 0.2973 and 0.2657 respectively. There was significant difference between the positive cases and the negative cases (t=12.047, P<0.01) and no significant difference between the negative cases and normal controls （t=1.919, P>0.05）. At 3 month post-treatment, serum antibody in 5 cases whose clinical symptoms and physical signs relieved or disappeared decreased 2-5 titers and that of one case who relapsed with new signs increased by one titer. In Pw-DIGFA, the dot color of 5 cured cases showed a little weaker than that of pre-treatment and the relapsed case displayed similar response. At 6 month post-treatment, 7 sera of clinically cured cases showed significantly weaker response than that of pre-treatment. The antibodies of those sera dropped 3-6 titers. Conclusion Pw-DIGFA is of supplementary value for clinical diagnosis of paragonimiasis. Antibody detection by pre- and post-treatment using Pw-DIGFA shows potential for the evaluation of therapeutic effect.

专家论坛

Differential Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis, Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis and Penicilliosis Marneffei

GUIXi-en;GUANLi-ren

2007, 25(1):  16-72. 

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Visceral leishmaniasis， progressive disseminated histoplasmosis and penicilliosis marneffei are infections found in both human and animals. Their clinical manefestations, morphology of the pathogens under microscope are similar. Misdiagnosis was common and prognosis was poor when wrong therapy was given. This article is to introduce the epidemiology, clinical manefestation， laboratory findings and the treatment of these infections.

综述

Research Progress in Immunopathogenesis of Cystic Echinococcosis

ZHUYou-ming;LIWen-gui

2007, 25(1):  17-76. 

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This article reviews the immunopathogenesis of cystic echinococcosis in the following seven aspects: innate immunity，establishment phase immunity，cystic phase immunity，influencing factor of CD4⁺ T cell polarization， cytokine function in infected host， Echinococcus granulosus infection and allergy，and immune evasion mechanism.

研究简报

Survey on Natural Nidus of Trichobilharzia in Huainan Area

GUOJia;LIChao-pin;WANGKe-xia

2007, 25(1):  18-61. 

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The life cycle of Trichobilharzia sp. can be completed in Radix auricularia and domestic or wild ducks, and people can contract cercarial dermatitis through water contact. Natural nidus of Trichobilharzia exists in Huainan area.

Description of the Ecological Habits of Sergentomyia koloshanensis

WANGJie;GUANLi-ren;LIUPi-zong

2007, 25(1):  19-78. 

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The ecological habit of Sergentomyia koloshanensis was investigated in Wenxian of Gansu Province and Nanping of Sichuan Province. This sandfly could be found from the last ten-day period of May to the first ten-day period of October, with a peak in the middle ten-day period of August. Its adult season covered as long as 4 and half months. It was exophilic with a vertical distribution reaching as high as 1 640 m. At daytime, it rested in the caves and at the basal parts of boulders along the riversides, and it was difficult to find it in the residential areas; at night it moved about near the resting places, without human blood preferrence. By analyzing the available data of the description of sandfly species, it was found that Sergentomyia koloshanensis distributed mainly in the subtropical zone in China, with much less distribution in warm-temperate and marginal tropical areas.

Study on the Development of Fetus and Infant Congenitally Infected by Toxoplasma gondii and Intervention

YUANWen-ying;WUYan-ping;GENGXian;GENGDe-hai;ZHAOSheng;XUEJuan

2007, 25(1):  20-80. 

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Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy can result in abortion, premature delivery, fetal death, deformity, and impact the physical and intellectual development of the newborns. This is an investigation on the consequences of pregnancy in Toxoplasma gondii-infected women, the development of their babies, and the effect of pyrimethamine treatment during 1990-1996 in Baoding City.

Staining Improvement for Trichomonas vaginalis Specimen

SUShui-lian;ZHANGRui-qi;CHENGui-feng

2007, 25(1):  21-II. 

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By changing/improving the preparation, ratio, concentration and pH value of the staining solution, the cultured specimen of Trichomonas vaginalis was better observed. Different parts of the parasite are clearly viewed, and the method is simple, prompt and effective for staining and preservation.