A survey on the prevalence and knowledge awareness of human echinococcosis in residents in Maqin County of Qinghai Province in 2017-2018

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.05.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To understand the status of infection and knowledge of human echinococcosis prevention in Maqin County of Qinghai Province. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select permanent residents at age over 2 years from 6 townships and 2 towns in Maqin County for B-ultrasound examination during 2017-2018 to calculate the prevalence rate of echinococcosis in the population. A questionnaire survey was performed randomly among local residents and schoolchildren of fourth grade and higher to estimate the awareness rate of knowledge on echinococcosis control. The estimated rates were compared using Chi-square test. Results A total of 36 705 residents were examined by B ultrasound scanning, and 433 were found of echinococcosis, with a prevalence rate of 1.18% (433/36 705). In 2017 and 2018, 485 and 436 questionnaires were distributed, respectively, which revealed awareness rate of echinococcosis knowledge of 89.69% and 91.74%, respectively. The prevalence of echinococcosis in females (1.58%, 280/17 746) was higher than that in males (0.81%, 153/18 959) (P < 0.01). The prevalence showed a trend of increase with age, with the age group of ≥70 years being the highest (2.63%, 38/1 446). Among all occupation groups, the prevalence rate was highest (2.56%) in herdsmen, and lowest (0.06%) in officials. Among educational levels, the echinococcosis prevalence was highest (3.15%, 235/7 466) in the illiterates, followed by the primary school level (1.30%, 183/14 033), and the lowest in group with the university education (0.03%, 2/5 995). As to the residing patterns, the nomads had the highest prevalence of echinococcosis (4.67%, 107/2 290). The prevalence was found highest in Youyun Township (7.67%, 95/1 238). It was noted that the prevalence difference between males and females, age groups, occupations, educational levels, residing patterns and geographical locations was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In 2017 and 2018, the knowledge awareness rate of echinococcosis prevention and control was lowest in herdsmen (66.33%, 65/98; 79.34%, 96/121), and highest in officials (98.89%, 89/90; 98.77%, 80/81) among the occupations; and lowest in the education group of primary school (78.77%, 141/179; 86.08%, 167/194), and highest in the undergraduates (98.80%, 90/91; 98.77%, 80/81). There were significant differences in the awareness rate of knowledge of echinococcosis prevention and control among different occupations and education levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion The situation of echinococcosis control in Maqin County is still challenging, showing a prevalence rate of 1.18%. Although the knowledge awareness rate on echinococcosis has been improved, it is essential to strengthen health education, particularly for the key target population of herdsmen.

Key words: Qinghai, Maqin, Echinococcosis, Awareness, Investigation

CLC Number:

R532.32

MA Xiao, ZHANG Xue-fei, LEI Wen, MA Jun-ying, LIU Jia, CAI Hui-xia, WANG Wei, ZHAN Pei-zhen, FANG Hai-ning, ZHANG Jing-xiao, LIU Yu-fang, LIU Na, WANG Yong-shun, ZHANG Qing, ZHAO Cun-zhe, ZHANG Xiong-ying, SHI Ke-mei, LIU Pei-yun, DAN Cuo, CHANG Mei. A survey on the prevalence and knowledge awareness of human echinococcosis in residents in Maqin County of Qinghai Province in 2017-2018[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2020, 38(5): 619-624.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Table 2

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特征Features	B超检查B ultrasound
	检查人数	患病人数	检出率/%
		No. examined	No. positive	Positive rate/%
性别Gender
男性Male	18 959	153	0.81
女性Female	17 746	280	1.58
小计Subtotal	36 705	433	1.18
年龄Age group
0~9	2 859	2	0.07
10~19	8 335	25	0.30
20~29	7 303	59	0.81
30~39	5 418	82	1.51
40~49	5 900	109	1.85
50~59	3 596	70	1.95
60~69	1 848	48	2.60
≥70	1 446	38	2.63
小计Subtotal	36 705	433	1.18
职业Occupation
干部Crades	6 844	4	0.06
牧民Herdsmen	15 831	406	2.56
学生Students	10 507	11	0.10
其他Others	3 523	12	0.34
小计Subtotal	36 705	433	1.18
文化程度Educational level
文盲Illiteracy	7 466	235	3.15
小学Primary school	14 033	183	1.30
初中Junior high school	2 992	2	0.07
高中Senior high school	3 274	4	0.12
大专Junior college	2 945	7	0.24
本科 College	5 995	2	0.03
小计Subtotal	36 705	433	1.18
居住方式Living style
定居Settledown	25 624	241	0.94
冬季定居夏季游牧 Settled in winter and nomadic in summer	8 791	85	0.97
游牧Nomadism	2 290	107	4.67
小计Subtotal	36 705	433	1.18
地区Township
大武镇Dawu	15 276	77	0.50
大武乡Dawu	4 072	29	0.71
下大武乡Xiadawu	1 603	16	1.00
东倾沟乡Dongqingou	1 946	11	0.57
雪山乡Xueshan	1 151	10	0.87
当洛乡Dangluo	3 410	177	5.19
拉加镇Lajia	8 009	18	0.22
优云乡Youyun	1 238	95	7.67
小计Subtotal	36 705	433	1.18