Epidemiological characteristics of echinococcosis in Ningxia from 2005 to 2024

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.04.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the changing trend of echinococcosis in Ningxia from 2005 to 2024 and provide a reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of echinococcosis in Ningxia. Methods The reported cases of echinococcosis in Ningxia from 2005 to 2024 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the population data were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics website. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0, and spatial distribution and spatial autocorrelation analysis were performed using ArcGIS 10.8 software. The Moran’s I index was used to evaluate spatial clustering, and a heat map was used to visualize the number of cases among children aged 6-12 years in each county over the years. Results A total of 4 705 cases of echinococcosis were reported in Ningxia from 2005 to 2024, the average annual incidence rate is 3.57 per 100 000. Cases were reported every year, with the highest number of cases in 2009 [accounting for 11.2% （528/4 705）], and a decreasing trend was observed after 2009. Cases were reported every month, but the distribution was uneven, with the highest number of cases in March (515 cases) and the lowest in September (282 cases). The cases were mainly distributed in Guyuan City (29.7%, 1 396/4 705), Zhongwei City (28.3%, 1 332/4 705), and Wuzhong City (24.3%, 1 145/4 705), accounting for 82.3% (3 873/4 705) of the total cases. There was a statistically significant difference in the average annual incidence rate among different cities (χ² = 18 918.778, P < 0.01). The spatial distribution showed that cases were distributed in all counties and districts of Ningxia, with an average annual incidence rate ranging from 0.38 to 9.01 per 100 000. The highest incidence rate was in Haiyuan County in the south (9.01 per 100 000), and the overall pattern was “high in the south and low in the north”. The global autocorrelation Moran’s I = 0.38 (Z = 2.82, P < 0.01), indicating significant clustering. The local autocorrelation analysis found that the high-high clustering area was located in the southern Yuanzhou District, and the low-low clustering area was concentrated in some counties in the north. The hotspots were mainly located in Haiyuan County and Yuanzhou District. The male-to-female ratio of cases was 1:1.15, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 3.17 per 100 000 for males and 3.81 per 100 000 for females. There was a statistically significant difference in the average annual reported incidence rate between different genders (χ² = 39.815, P < 0.01). The cases were mainly concentrated in the age group of 30-69 years, accounting for 73.0%. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate among different age groups (χ² = 3 008.457, P < 0.01). A total of 24 cases among children aged 6-12 years were reported from 2005 to 2024. The majority of the cases were farmers, accounting for 79.5% (3 740/4 705). Conclusion From 2005 to 2024, the number of reported cases of echinococcosis in Ningxia reached a peak in 2009 and has been decreasing year by year since then. The incidence of echinococcosis in Ningxia presented a spatial pattern of higher in the south and lower in the north, with statistically significant spatial aggregation. There were also notable differences in its distribution across gender and age groups, and pediatric cases still persist in the region.

Key words: Echinococcosis, Ningxia, Epidemiological characteristics, Spatial autocorrelation

CLC Number:

R532.32

YAN Fang, QI Rongting, MA Tianbo, LIU Xuan, DUAN Hongju, WU Xianglin. Epidemiological characteristics of echinococcosis in Ningxia from 2005 to 2024[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2026, 44(4): 538-542.

Figures/Tables 5

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市 City	县（区、市） County (District, city)	报告病例数 No. reported cases	年均发病率/10万 Average annual incidence rate/10^-5
银川 Yinchuan	兴庆 Xingqing	205	1.38
	西夏 Xixia	64	0.82
	金凤 Jinfeng	85	0.92
	永宁 Yongning	167	3.09
	贺兰 Helan	83	1.47
	灵武 Lingwu	93	1.67
石嘴山 Shizuishan	大武口 Dawukou	22	0.38
	惠农 Huinong	24	0.66
	平罗 Pingluo	89	1.69
吴忠 Wuzhong	利通 Litong	154	1.83
	红寺堡 Hongsibu	98	2.70
	盐池 Yanchi	185	6.05
	同心 Tongxin	572	8.95
	青铜峡 Qingtongxia	136	2.67
固原 Guyuan	原州 Yuanzhou	627	7.10
	西吉 Xiji	558	8.33
	隆德 Longde	18	0.67
	泾源 Jingyuan	15	0.81
	彭阳 Pengyang	178	4.93
中卫 Zhongwei	沙坡头 Shapotou	268	3.44
	中宁 Zhongning	413	6.38
	海原 Haiyuan	651	9.01
合计 Total		4 705	3.57

人口学特征 Demographic characteristic	报告病例数 No. reported cases	构成比/% Proportion/%
性别 Sex
男 Male	2 187	46.5
女 Female	2 518	53.5
年龄组 Age group
0~9	13	0.3
10~19	68	1.4
20~29	362	7.7
30~39	736	15.6
40~49	907	19.3
50~59	920	19.6
60~69	873	18.6
70~79	664	14.1
≥ 80	162	3.4
职业 Occupation
农民 Farmer	3 740	79.5
家务及待业 Domestic unemployment	315	6.7
工人 Worker	140	3.0
离退人员 Former researchers	137	2.9
学生 Student	61	1.3
干部职员 Administrative staff	60	1.3
教师 Teacher	55	1.2
商业服务 Business men	48	1.0
医务人员 Medical staff	12	0.3
牧民 Herdsman	12	0.3
餐饮食品业 Catering	8	0.2
儿童 Children	6	0.1
海员及长途驾驶员 Seaman/Driver	3	0.1
其他 Other	108	2.3
合计 Total	4 705	100