Evaluation of implementation quality of schistosomiasis surveillance programmes in surveillance provinces of China in 2024

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.04.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To understand and evaluate the implementation quality and problems of current schistosomiasis surveillance programmes in China, so as to provide insights into facilitating schistosomiasis surveillance programme. Methods In October to December, 2024, a total of 22 counties (county-level cities or districts, hereinafter referred to as “counties”) were sampled using a quota sampling method from 13 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities, hereinafter referred to as “provinces”) where national schistosomiasis surveillance programmes were implemented. Based on Information technology―Evaluation indicators for data quality (GB/T 36344-2018) and the expert meeting method, evaluation indicators were proposed to assess the quality of the surveillance programmes, including standardization, integrity, accuracy, consistency, and timeliness. A total of 50 subjects’ serum samples, 30 Kato-Katz slides (all slides were examined if less than 30 slides collected from residents were available), and 10 snail survey environments were sampled from each survey county for re-reviews. The indicator scores were analyzed using the equal weighting method, and the average scores and the coincidence rates of serum and etiologic re-review samples were calculated. In addition, the difference in the average score was compared with rank sum test between elimination, nonendemic areas and non-elimination areas. Results The 22 evaluation counties included 7 surveillance counties and 2 nonendemic counties in schistosomiasis elimination provinces, and 13 epidemic surveillance counties in non-elimination provinces. The average score was (9.04 ± 0.79) points in 22 evaluation counties, and (8.92 ± 0.76) points in surveillance counties in non-elimination provinces and (9.22 ± 0.83) points in surveillance and nonendemic counties in elimination provinces (Z = -0.889, P > 0.05). The average scores for standardization, integrity, accuracy, consistency, and timeliness of schistosomiasis surveillance programmes were (1.86 ± 0.35), (1.73 ± 0.46), (1.77 ± 0.43), (1.95 ± 0.21), and (1.73 ± 0.46) points in 22 survey counties, respectively. Among the survey counties, there were 3 counties with insufficient surveillance funds, 6 with incomplete original records of snail surveys, 3 with inconsistent qualitative between original and re-review results of 7 serum samples, 3 with inaccurate snail monitoring results (including longitude and latitude of snail surveillance, and snail survey diagram), 1 with inconsistent original data with total numbers in statistical tables, and 6 with failure in timely data update, entry, and management. Conclusion The quality of national schistosomiasis surveillance programmes is high in surveillance counties in China; however, the timeliness and standardization remain to be further improved. Sustainable fund and material supports and improved capability through training among monitoring professionals are required to ensure the quality of surveillance programmes.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, Surveillance, Quality evaluation

CLC Number:

R532.21

GUO Suying, LI Yinlong, LI Shizhen, DANG Hui, ZHANG Lijuan, HE Junyi, YANG Fan, ZHU Hongqing, JIA Tiewu, QIN Zhiqiang, FENG Ting, DENG Wangping, LV Chao, YANG Ying, HAO Yuwan, SUN Junling, CAO Chunli, XU Jing, LI Shizhu. Evaluation of implementation quality of schistosomiasis surveillance programmes in surveillance provinces of China in 2024[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2025, 43(4): 489-496.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Table 2

Quality evaluation indicators for national schistosomiasis surveillance programmes

一级指标（权重） Primary indicators (Weight)	二级指标 (权重） Secondary indicators (Weight)	指标描述 Description for indicators
1规范性 (2) 1Standardization (2)	1.1业务规则 (1) 1.1 Business rules (1)	有技术人员职责规范、按国家方案制订本级机构工作计划、有正确的工作时间表和合理的经费保障。 There are responsibilities and duties for technical professionals, work plans for local institutions formulated according to the national plan, correct work schedules, and reasonable fund guarantees.
	1.2安全规范 (1) 1.2 Safety code (1)	按要求备份数据库。 Backup the database as required.
2完整性 (2) 2 Integrity (2)	2.1数据元素完整性(1) 2.1 Integrity of data elements (1)	按照监测方案要求，抽取30条原始数据中缺失记录条数 < 10条。 According to the requirements of the surveillance scheme, < 10 missing records from the extracted 30 raw data.
	2.2数据记录完整性(1) 2.2 Integrity of data records (1)	按照监测方案要求，监测数据库中缺失记录条数 < 10%。 According to the requirements of the surveillance scheme, < 10% missing records from surveillance databases.
3准确性 (2) 3 Accuracy (2)	3.1人群监测结果正确性(1) 3.1 Accuracy of human surveillance results (1)	人群监测中改良加藤厚涂片/血清样品的定性复核结果符合率 ≥ 95%。 ≥ 95% coincidence rate of qualitative re-review results of Kato-Katz slides/ serological samples during human surveillance programmes.
	3.2钉螺监测结果正确性(1) 3.2 Accuracy of Oncomelania hupensis surveillance results (1)	查螺原始记录、螺卡和查螺日志中，环境经纬度与GPS定位差异 < 0.1°，螺情调查示意图与原始记录中相关信息对应。 In the original records, snail cards, and daily snail survey records, the difference between environmental latitude and longitude and GPS positioning is less than 0.1°, and the diagrammatic sketch of snail surveys corresponds to the relevant information in the original records.
4一致性 (2) 4 Consistency (2)	4.1相同数据一致性(1) 4.1 Consistency of same data (1)	同一变量值在原始调查记录与上报的监测数据库中一致，如人群调查表中某条记录的姓名与该条记录在数据库中所显示的姓名字段变量值是否一致。 The same variable value is consistent between the original survey records and the data reported in the surveillance database, such as whether the variable value of a name field in a population survey form matches the name field displayed in the database for that record.
	4.2关联数据一致性(1) 4.2 Consistency of linked data (1)	原始调查记录和监测数据库中关联数据一致，如村级查出有螺面积与该村全部查螺环境中查出有螺面积合计值是否一致。 The original investigation records are consistent with the linked data in the surveillance database, such as whether the area of snails found at a village level is consistent with the total area of snails found in all snail environments in the village.
5时效性 (2) 5 Timeliness (2)	5.1基于时间段的正确性(1) 5.1 Accuracy based on the time quantum (1)	基于日期范围的病例报告、疫点处置、人群监测、家畜监测、钉螺调查、风险监测数据中记录数符合监测方案中调查时间需求。 The number of records in the case report, epidemic foci disposal, human surveillance, livestock surveillance, snail survey and risk surveillance data based on the date range meets the requirements of investigation time according to the surveillance scheme.
	5.2基于时间点的正确性(1) 5.2 Accuracy based on the time point (1)	病例信息等监测结果录入符合监测方案中要求上报的时间点。 The time points for entry of surveillance results including case information are the reported according to the requirements in the surveillance scheme.

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

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血吸虫病消除达标状态 Status of schistosomiasis elimination criteria	监测省（自治区、直辖市） Surveillance provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities)	总监测县（市、区）数^a Total number of surveillance counties (county-level cities, districts)^a	调查县（市、区） Surveyed counties (county-level cities, districts)
消除地区 Eliminated area	上海 Shanghai	8	松江区 Songjiang District
	广东 Guangdong	14	曲江区 Qujiang District
	福建 Fujian	16	霞浦县 Xiapu County
	广西 Guangxi	20	福绵区、横州市 Fumian District, Hengzhou City
	浙江 Zhejiang	54	常山县、衢江区 Changshan County, Qujiang District
未消除地区 Non-eliminated area	云南 Yunnan	18	洱源县、永胜县 Eryuan County, Yongsheng County
	江西 Jiangxi	39	瑞昌市、余干县 Ruichang City, Yugan County
	湖南 Hunan	41	澧县、岳阳县 Lixian County, Yueyang County
	安徽 Anhui	50	贵池区、宿松县 Guichi District, Susong County
	四川 Sichuan	63	西昌市、彭山区 Xichang City, Pengshan District
	江苏 Jiangsu	65	江都区、丹徒区 Jiangdu District, Dantu District
	湖北 Hubei	65	阳新县 Yangxin County
非流行区 Non-epidemic area	湖北 Hubei	65	秭归县 Zigui County
	重庆 Chongqing	2	丰都县 Fengdu County