Abstract: 　Objective To investigate the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pneumocystosis complicated after renal transplantation. Methods Data from 12 cases of kidney transplant recipients who developed pneumocystosis were analyzed by clinical symptoms and signs, results of laboratory examination, imaging, bronchoscopy and biopsy. Combined TMP/SMZ was used for the prevention and treatment. esults Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) detection rate was 167% from alveolar douche, 667% with bronchoscopy and biopsy. Two cases was diagnosed by PCR method with sputum. Plain chest film showed 583% of lung cirrhosis. CT showed 50% frosted glass like change in lungs and 25% with lung consolidation. Eleven cases were cured but one died. Conclusion Pc detection by bronchoscopy and biopsy, and PCR are most helpful in the diagnosis of pneumocystosis complicated with renal transplantation, in addition to plain chest film and CT scaning. Combined TMP SMZ is effective in the prevention and treatment of pneumocystosis.

Key words: Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii, Kidney transplantation, Postoperative complications, Diagnosis, Drug therapy, Chemoprevention