Surveillance of foodborne parasite in market-sold food in Putuo District, Shanghai Municipality from 2017 to 2024

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.05.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the contamination of foodborne parasites in market-sold and awareness of foodborne parasite knowledge and behaviors pertaining to foodborne parasites among residents in Putuo District, Shanghai Municipality from 2017 to 2024, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategies for foodborne parasites in this district. Methods Freshwater fishes, freshwater shrimps, crabs and shellfishes, marine fishes, raw pickled aquatic products of animal origin, bullfrogs, and pasteurized milks were collected using a stratified random sampling method from different circulation links across different streets in Putuo District from 2017 to 2024, and the contamination of food-borne parasites was detected using the microscopy following dissection, artificial digestion method, and quantitative real-time PCR assay. Aquatic product sales personnel, service personnel and residents in food circulation places were randomly sampled using a stratified random sampling method from supermarkets, agricultural trade markets and restaurants from 2023 to 2024, and the awareness of foodborne parasitic diseases knowledge, habits of consumption of raw food and willingness to receive foodborne parasitic diseases control were investigated among participants using questionnaire surveys. Fisher’s exact probability test was used to compare proportions, followed by multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Results A total of 1 055 food samples were collected and detected from 2017 to 2024, and 45 samples were tested positive for foodborne parasites, with an overall detection rate of 4.27%. The detection of Anisakis was 1.43% (33/105) in marine fish samples, with parasites predominantly detected in Scomber japonicus (3/3), Larimichthys polyactis (56.00%, 14/25), Trichiurus haumela (51.72%, 15/29) and Larimichthys crocea (1/17), and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of Anisakis infections among different types of marine fishes (Fisher’s exact probability test, P < 0.01). The detection of Echinostoma metacercariae was 11.32% (12/106) in raw pickled aquatic products of animal origin, and there was a significant difference in the detection of Echinostoma metacercariae among different types of raw pickled aquatic products of animal origin (Fisher’s exact probability test, P < 0.01). However, no foodborne parasites were detected in freshwater fishes, freshwater shrimps, crabs and shellfishes, bullfrogs, or pasteurized milk samples. The detection rates of Anisakis were 17.39% (4/23), 36.36% (28/77), 1/4, and 0/1 in marine fish samples from supermarkets and retail stores, agricultural trade markets, restaurants, and online stores, respectively (Fisher’s exact probability test, P > 0.05), and the detection rates of Echinostoma metacercariae were 18.18% (6/33), 17.14% (6/35), 0/13, and 0 (0/25) in raw pickled aquatic products of animal origin from supermarkets and retail stores, agricultural trade markets, restaurants, and online stores, respectively (Bonferroni correction, P > 0.05), indicating that the detection rate of foodborne parasites did not correlate sampling sites. Questionnaire survey showed that the awareness of foodborne parasitic diseases was 74.02% (94/127) among residents, with relatively higher awareness among participants at ages of 40 to 49 years (87.50%, 21/24), urban residents (76.07%, 89/117), participants with a bachelor degree (82.61%, 57/69), and healthcare professionals (100%, 32/32). Of all respondents, 61.42% (78/127) had behaviors of consumption of raw or semi-raw food, with a relatively higher proportion among participants at ages of 30 to 39 years (80.95%, 34/42) and postgraduates (7/10), and 96.06% (122/127) were willing to change their special dietary preferences or poor dietary habits. In addition, 97.64% (124/127) of respondents were willing to receive standardized treatment post-infection, and 53.54% (68/127) were willing to learn knowledge pertaining to foodborne parasitic diseases, with relative lower willingness among men (41.86%, 18/43), participants at ages of 18 to 29 years (44.74%, 17/38), suburban residents (4/10), retirees/unemployed persons (3/7), and aquatic food catchers/sellers (3/7). Conclusion There is a risk of foodborne parasite contaminations in circulating food in Putuo District, Shanghai Municipality, with relatively higher prevalence of foodborne parasite infections in marine fishes and raw pickled aquatic products of animal origin. The awareness of foodborne parasitic diseases knowledge is high among residents; however, the proportion of residents without behaviors of consuming raw or semi-raw food is low, indicating a discrepancy between the awareness and behaviors. Continuous monitoring and health education are required to be intensified.

Key words: Foodborne parasite, Sampling monitoring, Market-sold food, Awareness rate, Putuo District in Shanghai Municipality

CLC Number:

R383

QIN Ruofang, XU Haiping, XU Yijiong, DAI Simin, LV Shan, CUI Yan. Surveillance of foodborne parasite in market-sold food in Putuo District, Shanghai Municipality from 2017 to 2024[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2025, 43(5): 690-696.

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Awareness, willingness for prevention and control, and behavioral patterns related to foodborne parasitic diseases among residents in Putuo District, Shanghai Municipality from 2017 to 2024

影响因素 Risk factor	调查人数No. surveyed	知晓人数（知晓率/%) No. hearing of foodborne parasite (ratio/%)	有生食或半生食行为人数（占比/%） No. with behaviors of consuming raw or semi-raw food (ratio/%)	愿意改变特殊饮食喜好或不良生活习惯人数（占比/%） No. willing to change their special dietary preferences or bad life habits (ratio/%)	感染后愿意规范治疗人数（占比/%） No. willing to receive standardized treatment post- infection (ratio/%)	愿意了解食源性寄生虫病相关知识的人数（占比/%） No. willing to learn knowledge about foodborne parasitic diseases (ratio/%)
性别 Sex
男 Male	43	32 (74.42)	27 (62.79)	40 (93.02)	41 (95.35)	18 (41.86)
女 Female	84	62 (73.81)	51 (60.71)	82 (97.62)	83 (98.81)	50 (59.52)
年龄组/岁 Age group/Year
18~29	38	28 (73.68)	17 (44.74)	37 (97.37)	37 (97.37)	17 (44.74)
30~39	42	34 (80.95)	34 (80.95)	40 (95.24)	40 (95.24)	23 (54.76)
40~49	24	21 (87.50)	16 (66.67)	24 (100)	24 (100)	14 (58.33)
50~59	18	10 (10/18)	10 (10/18)	16 (16/18)	18 (18/18)	10 (10/18)
≥ 60	5	1 (1/5)	1 (1/5)	5 (5/5)	5 (5/5)	4 (4/5)
近3年常住地 Place of residence during the past three years
城市 City	117	89 (76.07)	69 (58.97)	112 (95.73)	115 (98.29)	64 (54.70)
郊区 Suburb	10	5 (5/10)	9 (9/10)	10 (10/10)	9 (9/10)	4 (4/10)
教育程度 Education level
高中及以下 Below senior high school	21	8 (38.10)	7 (33.33)	20 (95.24)	21 (100)	11 (52.38)
大学专科 Junior college	27	22 (81.48)	18 (66.67)	26 (96.30)	27 (100)	17 (62.96)
大学本科 Undergraduate college	69	57 (82.61)	46 (66.67)	66 (95.65)	67 (97.10)	35 (50.72)
研究生 Graduate degree	10	7 (7/10)	7 (7/10)	10 (10/10)	9 (9/10)	5 (5/10)
职业 Occupation
水产品捕捞/销售人员 Aquatic product fishing/sales personnel	7	3 (3/7)	2 (2/7)	6 (6/7)	7 (7/7)	3 (3/7)
商业服务人员 Business service personnel	15	7 (7/15)	11 (11/15)	14 (14/15)	14 (14/15)	8 (8/15)
医务人员 Medical staff	32	32 (100)	20 (62.50)	32 (100)	32 (100)	15 (46.88)
工人/民工 Workers/migrant workers	13	10 (10/13)	6 (46.15)	12 (92.31)	12 (92.31)	8 (61.54)
离退/待业 Retirement/unemployment	7	2 (2/7)	1 (1/7)	7 (7/7)	7 (7/7)	3 (3/7)
其他 Other occupations	53	40 (75.47)	38 (71.70)	51 (96.23)	52 (98.11)	31 (58.49)
总计 Total	127	94 (74.02)	78 (61.42)	122 (96.06)	124 (97.64)	68 (53.54)

Table 3

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腌制生食动物性水产品种类 Types of raw marinated aquatic products of animal origin	检测份数 No. examined	检出份数 No. positive	检出率/% Positive rate/%
腌制黄泥螺 Pickled Bullacta exarata	47	12	25.53
腌制蟹 Pickled crabs	44	0	0
腌制虾 Pickled shrimps	14	0	0
腌制方斑东风螺 Pickled Babylonia areolata	1	0	0
总计 Total	106	12	11.32