Investigation on the infection of Paragonimus skrjabini in intermediate hosts in northern Fujian

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.01.015

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To investigate the species and habitats of snails and crabs related to the infection of Paragonimus skrjabini in northern Fujian, and the association of environment changes to the infection of the parasite in these intermediate hosts. Methods Based on the living areas of P. skrjabini infected cases, the snails and crabs were collected from the areas in 11 sites in northern Fujian. The ecological environment of these sites, distribution density of snails and crabs and their infection with Paragonimus cercariae(snail) and metacercariae(crab) were investigated. The metacercariaes collected from infected crabs were used to infect two dogs. The specific internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase 1(CO1) genes were amplified from the collected metacercariaes by PCR. The effect of environment changes in these habitat areas on the infection of P. skrjabini was investigated. Results Psedobhythinella tangi, P. jianouensis and Tricula xiaoqiaoensis were found in all 11 survey sites. These sails lived in the water ditches or wetlands under the mountain, mostly inhabited in the humid environment in the ditches 5 mm above and below the water line. Snails adhered to defoliated leaves or dead wood branches in ditches (62.63%), on stones (35.07%) and in mud (2.29%). The density distribution of P. tangi, P. jianouensis and T. xiaoqiaoensis was 156, 179-291 and 12-266 per cage, respectively. P. skrjabini cercariae were identified in all 11 survey sites with infection rate of 0.22% (4/1 851) in P. tangi, 0.38% (36/9 420) in P. jianouensis and 1.10% (102/9 247) in T. xiaoqiaoensis. Four species of crab were identified in these sites including Sinopotamon fukinense, Bottapotamon fukinense, Huananpotamon angulatum, and Huananpotamon spp. The infection rate of P. skrjabini metacercariae in these crabs in 11 sites varied from 38.99% to 96.77% with average infection rate of 80.21% (231/288) and infection intensity of 19.8 metacercariae per crab. PCR results showed that a fragment of 500 bp ITS2 DNA was amplified from collected metacercariaes that shares 99% sequence identity with the same gene from P. skrjabini deposited in GenBank, and 450 bp CO1 that shares 100% sequence identity with P. skrjabini CO1. The collected metacercariaes were used to infect two dogs and 6 and 8 adult worms were harvested from each infected dogs, all identified as P. skrjabini. The environment changes including flooding, plantation, droughts damaged the habitats of snail and crab and affected their infections of P. skrjabini with statistical difference (P < 0.05). No snail was found in 7 investigations and no crab was found in 3 sites after flooding. Conclusion The mountain areas in northern Fujian including Jianou are the natural endemic areas for the infection of P. skrjabini. The environment change including flooding and plantation are the main factors affecting the breeding of intermediate host snails and crabs and the infection of P. skrjabini in these areas.

Key words: Paragonimus skrjabini, Intermediate host, Population, Breeding place, Infective rate, Influence factor, Molecular identification

CLC Number:

R383.233

CAI Mao-rong, LUO Jun, AI Lin, LIAO Qi, ZHUO Ming-yin, CHEN Jia, CHEN Jin-zhong, LIU Jian-fa, CHENG You-zhu. Investigation on the infection of Paragonimus skrjabini in intermediate hosts in northern Fujian[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2020, 38(1): 102-109.

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