云南省盈江县边境地区按蚊孳生地幼蚊种类构成分析

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 112-118.

云南省盈江县边境地区按蚊孳生地幼蚊种类构成分析

陈田木¹, 周红宁², 罗春海², 曾旭灿², 郭祥瑞³, 林祖锐², 涂宏¹, 王学忠², 张少森¹, 周水森^1,^*()

1 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,世界卫生组织热带病合作中心,科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心,卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,上海 200025
2 云南省寄生虫病防治所,普洱 665000
3 盈江县疾病预防控制中心,德宏 679300

收稿日期:2017-09-01 出版日期:2018-04-28 发布日期:2018-04-24
通讯作者: 周水森
基金资助:
上海市卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题（No. 20164Y0047）

Composition of anopheline larvae in the China-Myanmar border region in Yingjiang County of Yunnan Province

CHEN Tian-mu¹, ZHOU Hong-ning², LUO Chun-hai², ZENG Xu-can², GUO Xiang-rui³, LIN Zu-rui², TU Hong¹, WANG Xue-zhong², ZHANG Shao-sen¹, ZHOU Shui-sen^1,^*()

1 National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
2 Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer 665000, China
3 Yingjiang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dehong 679300, China

Received:2017-09-01 Online:2018-04-28 Published:2018-04-24
Contact: ZHOU Shui-sen
Supported by:
Supported by a Scientific Project of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(No. 20164Y0047)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解云南省盈江县边境地区按蚊孳生地幼蚊种类构成。方法选择盈江县那邦镇卡牙河和平原镇户缺坝为调查点开展按蚊孳生地调查。于2016年6-10月在每个调查点选择缓流、积水、水潭、小型沼泽、水田等孳生地每月开展1次幼蚊构成调查。记录各孳生地水体pH值和面积值,以及Ⅰ龄、Ⅱ龄、Ⅲ龄、Ⅳ龄幼蚊以及蛹的数量。Ⅲ龄后期和Ⅳ龄幼蚊通过形态学鉴定蚊种,蛹饲养至羽化后进行形态学鉴定。采用密度（density, Ds）、种类丰富性指数（species richness index, N）、Simpson多样性指数（Simpson diversity index, D）、Shannon多样性指数（Shannon diversity index, H）、Berger-Parker优势指数（Berger-Parker dominance index, d）、Shannon均衡性指数（Shannon evenness index, E）等6个指标分析按蚊幼蚊种类构成,采用Morisita-Horn相似性指数（Morisita-Horn similarity index, C）分析两乡（镇）幼蚊种类构成相似性。采用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行统计分析。结果在那邦镇共采集幼蚊标本313份（按蚊268份、库蚊45份）,平原镇共采集幼蚊标本81份（按蚊55份、库蚊26份）。那邦镇的主要按蚊幼蚊为中华按蚊（183只,占68.28%）、带足按蚊（33只,占12.31%）和微小按蚊（25只,占9.33%）;平原镇则为中华按蚊（27只,占49.09%）、带足按蚊（24只,占43.64%）和迷走按蚊（2只,占3.64%）。盈江县按蚊幼蚊Ds为0.33只/勺,D、H、d、E分别为0.54、1.16、0.65、0.50。那邦镇N、H和d值较大,E接近0.5,但D略低。两乡（镇）C为0.82（接近1）。那邦镇各月份的Ds、N和H均高于平原镇。积水中的按蚊幼蚊种类丰富,N较大,d较小;D和H均最高;E最接近0.5。那邦镇大型水体（面积 > 100 m²）种类更为丰富,多样性D和H均较高,d略低,E更接近0.5。偏酸性水体（pH值 < 7）的媒介构成较为复杂。结论云南边境地区面积较大、偏酸性的积水中按蚊种类多、结构复杂,乡镇间媒介种类构成的相似性较大。

关键词: 按蚊, 幼蚊, 种类构成, 多样性, 相似性

Abstract:

Objective To understand the species composition of anopheline larvae in the China-Myanmar border region in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province of China. Methods The Kayahe Village in Nabang Town and Huqueba Village in Pingyuan Town were selected for determining the breeding-place of anophelines. The composition of anopheline larvae was investigated once a month from June to October, 2016, in potential habitats of slack water, puddle, pond, moor, and paddy. The values of pH and area, and the numbers of first-, second-, third-, and fourth-instar larvae as well as pupae of mosquitoes were recorded in each habitat. The species of late third-instar and fourth-instar anopheline mosquito larvae were identified under microscope using commonly accepted guidelines. Pupae were morphologically identified after the emergence. Species composition of anopheline larvae was analyzed using six indices, including density(Ds), Simpson diversity index(D), Shannon diversity index(H), Berger-Parker dominance index(d), and Shannon evenness index (E). The Morisita-Horn similarity index (C) was employed to calculate the similarity of species composition between the two towns. Results A total of 394 larvae samples were collected in 91 specimen collection sites, comprising 313 samples (268 Anopheles and 45 Culex) from Nabang Town and 81 samples(55 Anopheles and 26 Culex) from Pingyuan Town. The Anopheles in Nabang Town were predominated by An. sinensis(183, 68.28%), followed by An. peditaeniatus(33, 13.31%) and An. minimus (25, 9.33%), and those in Pingyuan Town were mainly An. sinensis(27, 49.09%), An. peditaeniatus (24, 43.64%), and An. vagus(2, 3.64%). In Yingjiang County, the Ds of Anopheles was 0.33 per dip, with D, H, d and E being 0.54, 1.16, 0.65 and 0.50, respectively. The values of N, H, and d were relatively higher in Nabang Town, with an E value approaching 0.5, albeit with a slightly lower D value. The values of Ds, N, and H in Nabang Town were higher than those in Pingyuan Town in each month. Puddles were rich in various species of anopheline larvae, with a smaller d and a higher N. D and H were highest in this habitat, and the value of E was most approaching 0.5. Large water habitats (with an area > 100 m²) had more abundant species, with higher D and H values, smaller d, and an E value more approaching 0.5. Habitats with slightly acidic water(pH < 7) had a complicated vector composition. Conclusion There are abundant species of anopheline larvae in habitats with a large area and in puddles with slightly acidic water in the China-Myanmar region in Yunnan Province, with a complicated structure of composition. There is also a high similarity in vectors between the towns.

Key words: Anopheles, Larva, Composition structure, Diversity, Similarity

中图分类号:

R384.111

陈田木, 周红宁, 罗春海, 曾旭灿, 郭祥瑞, 林祖锐, 涂宏, 王学忠, 张少森, 周水森. 云南省盈江县边境地区按蚊孳生地幼蚊种类构成分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(2): 112-118.

CHEN Tian-mu, ZHOU Hong-ning, LUO Chun-hai, ZENG Xu-can, GUO Xiang-rui, LIN Zu-rui, TU Hong, WANG Xue-zhong, ZHANG Shao-sen, ZHOU Shui-sen. Composition of anopheline larvae in the China-Myanmar border region in Yingjiang County of Yunnan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2018, 36(2): 112-118.

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种类Specie	那邦镇Nabang Town		平原镇Pingyuan Town		合计Total
种类Specie	幼虫数No. larve	构成/% Composition/%	幼虫数No. larve	构成/% Composition/%	幼虫数No. larve	构成/% Composition/%
中华按蚊An. sinensis	183	68.28	27	49.09	210	65.02
带足按蚊An. peditaeniatus	25	9.33	24	43.64	49	15.17
微小按蚊An. minimus	33	12.31	1	1.82	34	10.53
库态按蚊An. culicifacies	15	5.60	0	0	15	4.64
迷走按蚊An. vagus	5	1.87	2	3.64	7	2.17
孟加拉按蚊 An. bengalensis	2	0.75	0	0	2	0.62
美彩按蚊An. splendidus	1	0.37	1	1.82	2	0.62
合计Total	264	100	55	100	319	100

乡（镇）Town	密度/只·勺^-1 Density/Larva·dip^-1	N	D	H	d	E	C
那邦Nabang	0.37	10	0.51	1.11	0.68	0.48
平原 Pingyuan	0.22	5	0.57	0.98	0.49	0.61
合计Total	0.33	10	0.54	1.16	0.65	0.50	0.82

乡镇Town	水体类型Habitats	幼蚊种类Species	N	D	H	d	E
那邦Nabang	缓流Slack water	中华按蚊An. sinensis	3	0.12	0.28	0.94	0.26
		带足按蚊An. peditaeniatus
		库态按蚊An. culicifacies
	积水Puddle	微小按蚊An. minimus	10	0.61	1.32	0.58	0.57
		中华按蚊An. sinensis
		棋斑按蚊An. tessellatus
		迷糊按蚊An. vagus
		环斑按蚊An. annularis
		孟加拉按蚊An. bengalensis
		美彩按蚊An. splendidus
		须喙按蚊An. barbirostris
		带足按蚊An. peditaeniatus
		库态按蚊An. culicifacies
	水潭Pond	中华按蚊An. sinensis	2	0.32	0.50	0.80	0.72
		带足按蚊An. peditaeniatus
	小型沼泽Moor	中华按蚊An. sinensis	2	0.10	0.20	0.95	0.29
		带足按蚊An. peditaeniatus
平原Pingyuan	水田Paddy	中华按蚊An. sinensis	2	0.46	0.65	0.65	0.94
		带足按蚊An. peditaeniatus
	积水Puddle	微小按蚊An. minimus	5	0.59	1.06	0.47	0.66
		中华按蚊An. sinensis
		迷糊按蚊An. vagus
		美彩按蚊An. splendidus
		带足按蚊An. peditaeniatus