齐齐哈尔地区麦穗鱼吸虫囊蚴感染情况及其种类鉴定

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.01.018

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 112-116.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.01.018

齐齐哈尔地区麦穗鱼吸虫囊蚴感染情况及其种类鉴定

张凤玉¹(), 刘柳², 张静², 张浩²^,^*()

1.遂宁市中心医院检验科，四川遂宁 629000
2.齐齐哈尔医学院，黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006

收稿日期:2022-05-09 修回日期:2022-10-10 出版日期:2023-02-28 发布日期:2023-02-27
通讯作者: * 张浩（1968-），男，博士，教授，从事病原生物学研究。E-mail：805676596@qq.com
作者简介:张凤玉（1994-），女，硕士研究生，从事寄生虫感染与分子研究。E-mail：zhangfengyu1010@163.com
基金资助:
2020年度齐齐哈尔市科技计划联合引导项目(LHYD-202010)

Prevalence of trematode metacercariae in Pseudorasbora parva and species identification in Qiqihaer area

ZHANG Fengyu¹(), LIU Liu², ZHANG Jing², ZHANG Hao²^,^*()

1. Department of Clinical Laboratoty, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, Sichuan, China
2. College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China

Received:2022-05-09 Revised:2022-10-10 Online:2023-02-28 Published:2023-02-27
Contact: * E-mail: 805676596@qq.com
Supported by:
Joint Guidance Project of Qiqihar Science and Technology Plan in 2020(LHYD-202010)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解齐齐哈尔地区麦穗鱼体内吸虫囊蚴感染情况及种类，2021年6—11月每月初从嫩江流域齐齐哈尔段采集麦穗鱼，采用直接压片法检查吸虫囊蚴感染情况，人工消化法分离吸虫囊蚴，通过形态学特征对吸虫囊蚴进行初步分类。用不同类型的囊蚴分别饲喂6周龄昆明小鼠（50~80只囊蚴/鼠）和2周龄雏鸭（80~100只囊蚴/鸭）。分别于感染后第30、25天剖取小鼠和雏鸭肝胆管内的成虫，醋酸洋红染色后进行形态学鉴定。按月、季节统计麦穗鱼囊蚴感染率，分析麦穗鱼吸虫囊蚴感染情况。应用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析，感染率的比较采用χ²检验。结果显示，2021年6—11月共采集麦穗鱼600尾，371尾感染吸虫囊蚴，感染率为61.8%。共获得3种不同形态的吸虫囊蚴，根据囊蚴形态初步鉴定为华支睾吸虫、东方次睾吸虫和台湾次睾吸虫囊蚴，感染率分别为47.7%（286/600）、15.5%（93/600）和23.7%（142/600）。3种吸虫囊蚴感染小鼠和雏鸭后获得的吸虫成虫经形态学鉴定分别为华支睾吸虫、东方次睾吸虫、台湾次睾吸虫。6—11月麦穗鱼华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染率分别为26.0%（26/100）、31.0%（31/100）、52.0%（52/100）、66.0%（66/100）、63.0%（63/100）和48.0%（48/100），东方次睾吸虫囊蚴感染率分别为5.0%（5/100）、11.0%（11/100）、15.0%（15/100）、17.0%（17/100）、26.0%（26/100）和19.0%（19/100），台湾次睾吸虫囊蚴感染率分别为17.0%（17/100）、15.0%（15/100）、19.0%（19/100）、23.0%（23/100）、32.0%（32/100）和36.0%（36/100），3种囊蚴不同月份之间感染率差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 53.61、19.51、20.11，均P < 0.05）。麦穗鱼华支睾吸虫、东方次睾吸虫和台湾次睾吸虫囊蚴夏、秋季感染率分别为36.3%（109/300）、59.0%（177/300），10.3%（31/300）、20.7%（62/300）和17.0%（51/300）、30.3%（91/300），3种囊蚴夏、秋季之间感染率差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 30.89、12.23、14.71，均P < 0.05）；夏、秋季3种囊蚴之间感染率差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 22.29、33.96，均P < 0.05）。嫩江流域齐齐哈尔段麦穗鱼存在华支睾吸虫、东方次睾吸虫和台湾次睾吸虫囊蚴感染；3种吸虫囊蚴分别在9、10、11月份感染率最高。

关键词: 麦穗鱼, 吸虫, 囊蚴, 种类, 感染

Abstract:

To understand the prevalence of trematode metacercariae and their species in Pseudorasbora parva from Nenjiang River around Qiqihaer City. P. parvas were collected from Nenjiang River around Qiqihaer City at the begining of each month from June to November in 2021. The prevalence of metacercaria of trematodes was examined by direct tablet, and the metacercaria of trematodes were isolated and purified by digestion. The metacercaria of trematodes were preliminarily classified by morphology. Mice (50-80 metacercaria/mouse) aged 6 weeks and ducks (80-100 metacercaria/duck) aged 2 weeks were fed with different types of metacercaria. The mice and ducks were dissected on the 30th and 25th day after infection, and the adult worms in the hepatobiliary duct were collected and stained with magenta acetate for morphological identification. The prevalence of metacercaria infection in P. parva was analyzed by month and season. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the prevalence was compared by χ² test. From June to November 2021, a total of 600 P. parva were collected, and 371 were infected with metacercaria, with an prevalence of 61.8%. A total of three different type metacercaria were obtained. According to the morphology, it was preliminarily identified as C. sinensis, M. orientalis, M. taiwanensis metacercaria, the prevalences were 47.7%(286/600), 15.5% (93/600) and 23.7% (142/600), respectively. The adult worms obtained from mice and ducks infected with the three types of metacercaria of trematodes were identified by morphology as C. sinensis, M. orientalis and M. taiwanensis. From June to November, the prevalences of C. sinensis metacercaria in P. parva were 26.0% (26/100), 31.0% (31/100), 52.0% (52/100), 66.0% (66/100), 63.0% (63/100) and 48.0% (48/100), respectively. The prevalences of M. orientalis metacercaria were 5.0% (5/100), 11.0% (11/100), 15.0% (15/100), 17.0% (17/100), 26.0% (26/100) and 19.0% (19/100), respectively. The prevalences of M. taiwanensis metacercaria were 17.0% (17/100), 15.0% (15/100) 19.0% (19/100), 23.0% (23/100), 32.0% (32/100) and 36.0% (36/100), the prevalences of the three metacercaria types in different months have statistical significance (χ² = 53.61, 19.51, 20.11; P < 0.05). The prevalences of metacercaria of C. sinensis, M. orientalis and M. taiwanensis in summer and autumn were 36.3% (109/300), 59.0% (177/300); 10.3% (31/300), 20.7% (62/300); 17.0% (51/300) and 30.3% (91/300), respectively, there were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of the three metacercaria in summer and autumn (χ² = 30.89, 12.23, 14.71; all P < 0.05). The difference of prevalences between three kinds of metacercaria in summer and autumn was statistically significant (χ² = 22.29, 33.96; all P < 0.05). P. parvas were infected with metacercaria of C. sinensis, M. orientalis, M. taiwanensis in the Qiqihar section of the Nenjiang River. The prevalence of three types of metacercaria were the highest in September, October and November respectively.

Key words: Pseudorasbora parva, Trematode, Metacercaria, Species, Infection

中图分类号:

R383.2

张凤玉, 刘柳, 张静, 张浩. 齐齐哈尔地区麦穗鱼吸虫囊蚴感染情况及其种类鉴定[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2023, 41(1): 112-116.

ZHANG Fengyu, LIU Liu, ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Hao. Prevalence of trematode metacercariae in Pseudorasbora parva and species identification in Qiqihaer area[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2023, 41(1): 112-116.

图/表 3

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表1

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特征	华支睾吸虫	东方次睾吸虫	台湾次睾吸虫
感染宿主	小鼠	雏鸭	雏鸭
虫体形态	背腹扁平，葵花籽状	叶状，前端较窄，后端钝圆	叶状，前端较窄，后端钝圆
虫体大小	（7~10）mm ×（1~3）mm	（4~7）mm ×（0.6~1.6）mm	（3~5）mm ×（0.5~1.4）mm
口吸盘	近圆形，大小（0.33 ± 0.07）mm ×（0.26 ± 0.55）mm	近圆形，大小（0.33 ± 0.06）mm × （0.31 ± 0.05）mm	杯状圆形，大小（0.21 ± 0.29）mm × （0.20 ± 0.03）mm
腹吸盘	近圆形，位于虫体前1/5，大小（0.26 ± 0.04）mm ×（0.24 ± 0.05）mm	近圆形，大小（0.28 ± 0.05）mm × （0.27 ± 0.04）mm	近圆形，大小（0.19 ± 0.03）mm × （0.18 ± 0.02）mm
睾丸	分枝，前睾丸分4枝，后睾丸分5~6枝	分瓣	圆形或椭圆形，边缘完整，个别略有分瓣
卵巢	边缘分叶，位于受精囊之前	圆形或椭圆形，大小约0.260 mm × 0.183 mm	圆形或椭圆形，大小约0.184 mm × 0.161 mm
子宫	从卵巢前段盘曲向前至腹吸盘处，不越过肠支	始于卵巢，越过肠管，达肠分支和腹吸盘之间，下降到腹吸盘前缘通生殖孔	始于卵巢水平，盘曲向前，两侧越过肠管，达肠分支与腹吸盘之间，至腹吸盘前方而后转折
卵黄腺	颗粒状滤泡组成，位于虫体两侧	椭圆形，分布于虫体中部2/4的两侧	椭圆形，分布于虫体两侧

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齐齐哈尔地区麦穗鱼吸虫囊蚴感染情况及其种类鉴定

Prevalence of trematode metacercariae in Pseudorasbora parva and species identification in Qiqihaer area

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