2017—2024年重庆市土源性线虫感染监测结果分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解2017—2024年重庆市居民土源性线虫感染状况，为科学制定防控策略及调整相关措施提供依据。方法根据《全国肝吸虫病和土源性线虫病监测方案（试行）》要求，2017—2024年重庆市每年抽取部分县（区）作为监测点，各监测县按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区，每个片区随机抽取1个乡（镇）的1个行政村开展监测，每个行政村至少调查200人，每个监测县不少于1 000人。采集监测对象的粪样，采用改良加藤厚涂片法（一粪两检）检测土源性线虫虫卵，应用试管滤纸培养法对不同钩虫虫种进行鉴定，并分别统计各虫种的感染率与感染度，率的比较采用卡方检验。结果 2017—2024年，重庆市共检测61 430人，总感染率为3.05%（1 875/61 430），钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫感染率分别为2.66%（1 636/61 430）、0.36%（220/61 430）和0.06%（35/61 430）。培养出钩蚴777份，美洲钩虫、十二指肠钩虫分别为500份、277份。2017—2024年各年份人群土源性线虫感染率分别为6.91%（424/6 132）、5.75%（354/6 157）、3.87%（238/6 149）、1.23%（76/6 155）、2.89%（236/8 159）、0.50%（56/11 093）、2.84%（258/9 069）、2.74%（233/8 516），各年份间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 791.302，P < 0.01）。不同片区中，渝西地区土源性线虫感染率最高（4.63%，577/12 466），中心城区最低（0.89%，161/18 179）。男性和女性感染率分别为3.02%（873/28 881）、3.08%（1 002/32 549），差异无统计学意义（χ² = 0.160，P > 0.05）。各年龄组中，≥ 70岁组土源性线虫感染率最高（6.01%，681/11 337）；职业以农民感染率最高（4.77%，1 699/35 641）；文化程度以文盲或半文盲人群感染率最高（5.08%，206/4 056）。不同片区、年龄、职业和文化程度间人群土源性线虫感染率差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 535.934、833.397、850.287、534.637，均P < 0.05）。钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫感染者均以轻度感染为主，钩虫轻度、中度、重度感染的比例分别为92.30%（1 510/1 636）、4.28%（70/1 636）、3.42%（56/1 636），钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫感染度最高值分别为65 520、297 792、2 568个。结论 2017—2024年重庆市土源性线虫感染率总体呈下降趋势，渝西地区部分县（区）感染率仍较高，钩虫重度感染者集中在老年人群，需加强对重点地区、重点人群的防治和健康宣传工作。

关键词: 土源性线虫病, 监测, 重庆市

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of human soil-transmitted helminth infections in Chongqing Municipality from 2017 to 2024, so as to provide insights into formulation of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control strategies and optimization and adjustment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control measures. Methods Several counties (districts) were selected from Chongqing Municipality annually during the period from 2017 to 2024 as surveillance points, according to the requirements of the National Surveillance Protocol for Clonorchiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases (Trial). Each surveillance county was divided into five geographical regions (eastern, western, southern, northern, and central), and one administrative village from one township was randomly selected from each region for surveillance programs, with at least 200 individuals surveyed in each village, and at least 1 000 individuals surveyed in each surveillance county. Stool samples were collected from participants, and soil-transmitted helminth eggs were detected using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique (two slides per stool sample). In addition, the hookworm species was identified with the test-tube filter-paper cultivation technique, and the prevalence and intensity of infections with hookworm species were calculated. Differences of proportions were tested for statistical significance with chi-square test. Results A total of 61 430 residents were detected for soil-transmitted helminth infections from 2017 to 2024, with an overall prevalence of 3.05% (1 875/61 430), and the prevalence of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura were 2.66% (1 636/61 430), 0.36% (220/61 430), and 0.06% (35/61 430), respectively. Hookworm larvae were successfully identified in 777 stool samples, including 500 samples identified with Necator americanus and 277 with Ancylostoma duodenale. The annual prevalence rates of human soil-transmitted helminth infections were 6.91% (424/6 132), 5.75% (354/6 157), 3.87% (238/6 149), 1.23% (76/6 155), 2.89% (236/8 159), 0.50% (56/11 093), 2.84% (258/9 069), and 2.74% (233/8 516) in Chongqing Municipality from 2017 to 2024, respectively (χ² = 791.302, P < 0.01). The highest prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections was seen in the western Chongqing areas (4.63%, 577/12 466), and the lowest recorded in central urban areas (0.89%, 161/18 179). In terms of gender distribution, the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections was 3.02% (873/28 881) among men and 3.08% (1 002/32 549) among women (χ² = 0.160, P > 0.05). Of participants, the highest prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections was detected among residents at ages of 70 years and older by age groups (6.01%, 681/11 337), among farmers by occupations (4.77%, 1 699/35 641), and among illiterate or semi-literate individuals by educational levels (5.08%, 206/4 056). There are significant differences in the prevalence of human soil-transmitted helminth infections in terms of regions, age groups, occupations, and education levels (χ² = 535.934, 833.397, 850.287, and 534.637, respectively; all P values < 0.05). Mild infections predominated among individuals with hookworm, A. lumbricoides, and T. trichiura infections, and the proportions of mild, moderate, and severe infections were 92.30% (1 510/1 636), 4.28% (70/1 636), and 3.42% (56/1 636) among individuals with hookworm infections, respectively. The highest infection intensity was 65 520 among individuals with hookworm infections, 297 792 among individuals with A. lumbricoides, and 2 568 among individuals with T. trichiura infections. Conclusion The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections appeared an overall tendency towards a decline in Chongqing Municipality from 2017 to 2024; however, the prevalence remained high in some districts (counties) of western Chongqing areas. Severe hookworm infections were concentrated among the elderly residents. Improved control efforts and health education are required targeting high-prevalence areas and high-risk populations.

Key words: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis, Surveillance, Chongqing Municipality

中图分类号:

R532.1

杨梦平, 石粤渝, 谢君, 王瑞鑫, 周爽, 罗飞. 2017—2024年重庆市土源性线虫感染监测结果分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2026, 44(3): 365-370.

YANG Mengping, SHI Yueyu, XIE Jun, WANG Ruixin, ZHOU Shuang, LUO Fei. Surveillance of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Chongqing Municipality from 2017 to 2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2026, 44(3): 365-370.

图/表 3

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地区 Region	调查人数 No. investigated	总感染人数 Total no. infected	总感染率/% Total infection rate/%	钩虫 Hookworm		蛔虫 A. lumbricoides		鞭虫 T. trichiura
地区 Region	调查人数 No. investigated	总感染人数 Total no. infected	总感染率/% Total infection rate/%	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%
中心城区 Central urban area of Chongqing	18 179	161	0.89	125	0.69	37	0.20	1	0.01
渝西地区 Western Chongqing	12 466	577	4.63	553	4.44	22	0.18	8	0.06
渝东新城 New Town of Eastern Chongqing	12 357	449	3.63	429	3.47	15	0.12	5	0.04
渝东北三峡库区 Three Gorges Reservoir area of Northeast Chongqing	13 296	601	4.52	456	3.43	134	1.01	19	0.14
渝东南武陵山区 Wuling Mountain area of Southeast Chongqing	5 132	87	1.70	73	1.42	12	0.23	2	0.04

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