2019年河南省输入性疟疾流行病学特征分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2021.01.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析2019年河南省疟疾流行特征,为制定全省消除疟疾后监测策略提供依据。方法收集2019年河南省疟疾疫情资料及疟疾病例个案调查资料,采用描述流行病学方法对疟疾流行特征进行分析。结果 2019年河南省共报告疟疾病例228例,其中恶性疟176例（占77.2%）、间日疟12例、三日疟7例、卵形疟33例;男性222例（占97.4%）,女性6例;以30~59岁为主（82.9%,189/228）;报告疟疾病例以境外务工人员为主（78.9%,180/228）。所有病例均为境外输入性病例,其中96.1%（219/228）的病例感染来源地为非洲。报告病例数居前5位的市依次为郑州市（77例）、洛阳市（22例）、濮阳市（20例）、安阳市（19例）和许昌市（15例）,合计报告的病例占全省总病例数的67.1%（153/228）。每月均有病例报告,其中1月和12月报告病例数相对较多。发病至就诊平均间隔时间为1.6 d,其中发病后3 d内就诊202例（占88.6%）;平均确诊时间为1.7 d,其中3 d内确诊为疟疾188例（占82.5%）。24 h内报告率为100%,3 d内流行病学个案调查完成率为98.7%（225/228）,7 d内疫点调查处置率为93.4%（213/228）。结论 2019年河南省报告的疟疾均为境外输入病例,建议当地卫生部门加强境外输入性病例监测,谨防输入继发病例的发生。

关键词: 疟疾, 流行特征, 河南省

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Henan Province in 2019, in order to provide a basis for formulating effective strategies and measures for surveillance after malaria elimination in Henan Province. Methods Data of malaria cases in Henan Province in 2019 were collected. The epidemiological information of malaria was analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 228 cases of malaria were reported in 2019, including 176 cases (77.2%) of falciparum malaria, 12 cases of vivax malaria, 33 cases of oval malaria and 7 cases of quartan malaria; having 222 male(97.4%) and 6 female cases. The majority of the cases was aged between 30 to 59 years (82.9%, 189/228) and were migrant workers (78.9%, 180/228). All of the malaria cases were imported cases and 96.1% (219/228) of them were from Africa. The top five cities having highest reports of cases were Zhengzhou (77 cases), Luoyang (22), Puyang (20), Anyang (19) and Xuchang cities (15), which accounted for 67.1% of total cases in Henan Province. The cases were reported throughout the year, particularly higher in January and December. The average time from onset to first visit to a doctor was 1.6 d and 202 (88.6%) cases went to visit a doctor within 3 days after onset. The average time from the first visit to confirmed diagnosis was 1.7 d, and 188 (82.5%) cases were diagnosed as malaria within 3 days. All of the cases (100%) were reported within 24 h, of them, 225 cases (98.7%) were underwent epidemiological investigation within 3 days, while 213 (93.4%) epidemic sites were surveyed within 7 days. Conclusion All the cases reported from Henan Province in 2019 were imported from abroad. It is suggested that the local health sections should strengthen the surveillance of imported cases from abroad to prevent the occurrence of secondary cases.

Key words: Malaria, Epidemiological characteristics, Henan Province

中图分类号:

R531.3

杨成运, 钱丹, 鲁德领, 刘颖, 周瑞敏, 李素华, 关周, 赵玉玲, 张红卫, 赵东阳, 郭万申. 2019年河南省输入性疟疾流行病学特征分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(1): 43-48.

YANG Cheng-yun, QIAN Dan, LU De-ling, LIU Ying, ZHOU Rui-min, LI Su-hua, GUAN Zhou, ZHAO Yu-ling, ZHANG Hong-wei, ZHAO Dong-yang, GUO Wan-shen. Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Henan Province in 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2021, 39(1): 43-48.

图/表 2

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特征 Feature	病例数 No. cases	占比/% Percentage/%	恶性疟 Falciparum malaria	间日疟 Vivax malaria	卵形疟 Oval malaria	三日疟 Quartan malariae
性别Gender
男Male	222	97.4	170	12	33	7
女Female	6	2.6	6	0	0	0
年龄组Age groups
< 20	1	0.4	0	1	0	0
20~29	33	14.5	28	1	2	2
30~39	76	33.3	53	5	15	3
40~49	75	32.9	62	3	8	2
50~59	38	16.7	30	2	6	0
≥ 60	5	2.2	3	0	2	0
职业Occupation
干部职员Office staff	10	4.5	9	0	0	1
务工人员Laborer	180	78.9	140	9	27	4
交通运输人员 Transportation personal	1	0.4	0	1	0	0
商业服务 Business services	6	2.7	5	0	1	0
家务待业、离退休人员 Housework, retiree	27	11.8	21	0	5	1
学生 Student	1	0.4	0	1	0	0
其他 Others	3	1.3	1	1	0	1

感染来源地 Infection source region	病例数 No. cases	恶性疟 Falciparum malaria	间日疟 Vivax malaria	卵形疟 Oval malaria	三日疟 Quartan malariae
非洲Africa	219	176	4	33	6
东非East Africa	21	15	4	2	0
乌干达Uganda	11	9	0	2	0
埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia	5	1	4	0	0
坦桑尼亚Tanzania	2	2	0	0	0
卢旺达 Rwanda	2	2	0	0	0
肯尼亚Kenya	1	1	0	0	0
西非Weast Africa	111	90	0	19	2
尼日利亚Nigeria	38	31	0	6	1
几内亚Guinea	26	19	0	6	1
科特迪瓦Coate d' Ivoire	18	16	0	2	0
加纳Ghana	9	7	0	2	0
贝宁Benin	8	8	0	0	0
塞拉利昂Sierra Leone	6	4	0	2	0
马里Mali	2	2	0	0	0
塞内加尔Senegal	2	1	0	1	0
利比里亚Liberia	1	1	0	0	0
多哥Togo	1	1	0	0	0
南非 South Africa	23	18	0	4	1
安哥拉Angola	11	7	0	3	1
赞比亚Zambia	9	9	0	0	0
莫桑比克Mozambique	2	1	0	1	0
马达加斯加Madagascar	1	1	0	0	0
北非 North Africa	2	2	0	0	0
苏丹Sudan	2	2	0	0	0
中非 Central Africa	62	51	0	8	3
刚果（金） Democratic Republic of the Congo	33	28	0	3	2
喀麦隆Cameroon	9	7	0	1	1
乍得 Chad	8	5	0	3	0
刚果（布） The Republic of Congo	5	4	0	1	0
加蓬Gabon	4	4	0	0	0
中非Central African Republic	2	2	0	0	0
赤道几内亚Equatorial Guinea	1	1	0	0	0
东南亚Southeast asia	9	0	8	0	1
巴基斯坦Pakistan	5	0	5	0	0
越南Vietnam	3	0	2	0	1
老挝Laos	1	0	1	0	0
合计Total	228	176	12	33	7