棘球蚴病野外犬科类传染源网格化干预与评价

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的在棘球蚴病高度流行区评价基于网格化规划投放驱虫药饵控制野外犬科类传染源的初步效果。方法 2016年4-10月,选择四川省甘孜州石渠县野外犬科类动物活动频繁的格孟乡和呷依乡分别作为干预组及对照组。依据现场地形走势,采用网格化设计,格孟乡按照20 m × 100 m和30 m × 100 m的规格划定投药区,采用手持GPS记录各投药点的地理位置,期间每2个月（即4、6、8和10月）在各投药点投放8~10粒驱虫药饵（吡喹酮含量50 mg/粒）,同步采集各投药点1 m半径范围内的野粪;于呷依乡选择1处200 m × 1 000 m的环境区域,不实施投药操作与干预,期间每2个月同步采集区域内野粪（每次不少于50份）。通过形态辨析法初步辨别采集的粪便类型,ELISA检测棘球绦虫粪抗原。分别于2016年4月和8月,在格孟乡和呷依乡开展小型啮齿类中间宿主（高原鼠兔）的密度调查。解剖捕获的高原鼠兔,检查其脏器的棘球蚴感染情况。结果 2016年4-10月,于格孟乡共完成240个点、15 000余粒驱虫药饵的投放。格孟乡粪便出现率为35.4%~56.3%,狐狸粪、犬粪和狼粪的构成比分别为51.9%、31.5%和16.6%;呷依乡狐狸粪、犬粪和狼粪的构成比分别为为5.5%、94.5%和0。格孟乡共采集野粪464份,粪抗原阳性率为1.08%;呷依乡共采集野粪418份,粪抗原阳性率为1.20%,两者差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。中间宿主调查结果显示,格孟乡冬季、夏季高原鼠兔的密度分别为273和498只/hm²（1 hm²=10 000 m²）,棘球蚴感染检出率为6.8%（3/45）;呷依乡冬季、夏季高原鼠兔的密度分别为784和632只/hm²,棘球蚴感染检出率为3.7%（13/354）。结论网格化规划可用于棘球蚴病中间和终末宿主分布的调查与评估,网格化规划下的定点投药措施效果还需延长观察时间。

关键词: 棘球蚴病, 野外犬科类宿主, 网格化, 效果

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the preliminary effect of a grid-based design of anthelmintic bait delivery on wild canines control in echinococcosis hyper-endemic areas. Methods Gemeng and Gayi Townships with frequent wild canine activities, of Shiqu County in Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province were selected as experimental and control groups, respectively. During April and October in 2016, areas of 20 m × 100 m and 30 m × 100 m were in Gemeng Township to deliver anthelmintic baits based on the grid-based design. The depositing locations were recorded by a handheld GPS system. Eight to 10 pellets of anthelmintic baits （each containing 50 mg praziquantel） were deposited every two months （i.e. in April, June, August and October）, meanwhile wild feces within a radius of 1 m from the depositing location were collected. In Gayi Township, an area of 200 m × 1 000 m was selected to collect no less than 50 samples of wild feces simultaneously. No baits were deposited there. The collected feces were identified preliminarily by morphological discrimination, and the fecal antigen positive rate was tested by ELISA. In addition, the density of small rodent intermediate hosts was measured in the two townships in April and August 2016. The density of plateau pika （Ochotona curzoniae） in Gemeng Township was estimated based on the presence of pika holes, while that in Gayi Township was based on the number of pikas captured within a 50 m × 50 m area. The plateau pikas were sacrificed to examine hydateid cyst infection in organs. Results During April and October 2016 in Gemeng Township, 240 spots were recorded with delivery of more than 15 000 baits （including loss）. The occurrence rate of feces in Gemeng Township was 35.4%-56.3%, comprising 51.9%, 31.5% and 16.6% from foxes, dogs and wolves, respectively, while the constitution ratio in Gayi Township was 5.5%, 94.5% and 0.0%, respectively. A total of 464 and 418 wild feces were collected in Gemeng and Gayi Townships, respectively, with an antigen-positive rate of 1.08% and 1.20% respectively （P > 0.05）. The densities of plateau pika in Gemeng Township were 273/hm² （1 hm² = 10 000 m²） in winter and 498/hm² in summer, with a hydateid cyst infection rate of 6.8% （3/45）. The densities of plateau pika in Gayi Township were 784/hm² in winter and 632/hm² in summer, with a hydateid cyst infection rate of 3.7% （13/354）. ConclusionThe grid-based design can be used to survey the distributions of intermediate and terminal hosts of echinococcosis. However, more time is needed to examine the real effect of baits delivery in recorded spots.

Key words: Echinococcosis, Wild canids, Grid design and management, Effect

中图分类号:

R532.32

韩帅, 余晴, 杨诗杰, 肖宁, 叶萍, 薛靖波, 田添, 伍卫平, 周晓农. 棘球蚴病野外犬科类传染源网格化干预与评价[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(5): 495-498.

Shuai HAN, Qing YU, Shi-jie YANG, Ning XIAO, Ping YE, Jing-bo XUE, Tian TIAN, Wei-ping WU, Xiao-nong ZHOU. Evaluation on the measures by a grid-based design for wildlife control in hyper-endemic areas for echinococcosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2018, 36(5): 495-498.

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参考文献 16

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格孟乡 Gemeng Township							呷依乡 Gayi Township
月份Month	粪便数No. feces	粪便构成比/% Fecal constitution ratio/%			粪便出现率/% Fecal appearance rate/%	粪便分布密度/ 份·(hm²)^-1 Fecal distribution density/no. feces per hm²	粪便数No. feces	粪便构成比/% Fecal constitution ratio/%		粪便分布密度/ 份·(hm²)^-1 Fecal distribution density/no. feces per hm²
月份Month	粪便数No. feces	狐狸Fox	狼Wolf	犬Dog	粪便出现率/% Fecal appearance rate/%		粪便数No. feces	狐狸Fox	犬Dog
4月 April	135	32.9	20.7	46.4	56.3	281	127	9.4	90.6	635
6月 June	128	46.3	7.4	46.3	53.3	266	98	11.2	88.8	490
8月August	116	71.0	20.3	8.7	48.3	241	96	0	100	480
10月October	85	66.7	13.9	19.4	35.4	177	97	0	100	485

格孟乡 Gemeng Township				呷依乡 Gayi Township
月份 Month	粪便数 No. feces	阳性数 No. positives	阳性率/% Positive rate/%	粪便数 No. feces	阳性数 No. positives	阳性率/% Positive rate/%
4月April	135	2	1.5	127	3	2.4
6月June	128	2	1.6	98	1	1.0
8月August	116	1	0.9	96	1	1.0
10月October	85	0	0.0	97	0	0.0
合计Total	464	5	1.1	418	5	1.2

格孟乡 Gemeng Township				呷依乡 Gayi Township
月份 Month	捕获数 No. captured	估算密度/只·(hm²)^-1 Estimated density/ no.·(hm²)^-1	棘球蚴感染检出率/%Rate of hydatid infection/%	捕获数 No. captured	估算密度/只·(hm²)^-1 Estimated density/ no.·(hm²)^-1	棘球蚴感染检出率/%Rate of hydatid infection/%
4月April	20	273	10.0	196	784	2.0
8月August	25	498	4.0	158	632	5.7