2015年黑龙江省人群华支睾吸虫感染状况调查

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2021.06.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解黑龙江省人群华支睾吸虫感染现状。于2015年4—6月,按照《全国人体重点寄生虫病调查方案》要求,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法在全省范围内抽取104个农村地区和15个城镇地区调查点,将农村地区划分为长白山-千山山地、东北平原东部、三江平原、小兴安岭山地针阔混交林等4个生态区,每个调查点调查人数不少于250人。采用改良加藤厚涂片法（一粪二检）检测被调查者粪样,镜检华支睾吸虫虫卵并计数。结果显示,共调查30 280人,感染者747例,感染率为2.47%。农村地区、城镇地区人群感染率分别为2.77%（734/26 456）和0.34%（13/3 824）,地区间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 82.295,P < 0.05）。感染者以轻度感染为主（82.33%,615/747）,男、女性感染率分别为3.05%（462/15 171）和1.89%（285/15 109）,性别间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 42.261,P < 0.05）;30~39岁年龄组感染率最高（3.32%,147/4 430）,年龄组间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 122.182,P < 0.05）;农（牧、渔）民感染率最高（3.16%,692/21 914）,职业间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 164.846,P < 0.05）;初中文化程度组感染率最高（3.46%,499/14 425）,文化程度间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 124.596,P < 0.05）;汉族人群感染率最高（2.51%,739/29 487）,各民族人群间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 8.395,P < 0.05）。农村地区感染者以轻度感染为主（82.56%,606/734）,男、女性感染率分别为3.39%（454/13 378）、2.14%（280/13 078）,性别间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 38.468,P < 0.05）;30~39岁年龄组感染率最高（3.78%,145/3 841）,年龄组间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 111.315,P < 0.05）;干部、企事业职员感染率最高（5.05%,10/198）,职业间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 103.863,P < 0.05）;初中文化程度组感染率最高（3.88%,496/12 792）,文化程度间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 127.308,P < 0.05）;汉族人群感染率最高（2.82%,726/25 734）,各民族人群间差异有统计学意义（χ² = 8.903,P < 0.05）;三江平原生态区感染率最高（8.75%,575/6 574）,生态区差异有统计学意义（χ² = 1 177.510,P < 0.05）。城镇地区感染者以轻度感染为主9/13,男、女性感染率分别为0.45%（8/1 793）、0.25%（5/2 031）,50~59岁年龄组感染率最高（0.79%,5/636）,干部、企事业职员感染率最高（0.97%,4/411）,文盲文化程度组感染率最高（1.14%,2/176）,仅在汉族人群中检出华支睾吸虫感染者,感染率为0.35%（13/3 753）。黑龙江省华支睾吸虫以轻度感染为主,三江平原生态区感染率最高,今后应针对不同地区的实际情况,积极探索切合地区实际的防治策略和措施。

关键词: 华支睾吸虫, 感染, 调查, 黑龙江省

Abstract:

To understand the current status of Clonorchis sinensis infection in the population of Heilongjiang Province, the survey sites were selected from 104 rural areas and 15 urban areas in the Province in April—June 2015, using stratified cluster random sampling method, in accordance to the guideline of the National Survey, Program for Key Human Parasitic Diseases. The rural areas were divided into four ecoregions: Changbai Mountain-Qianshan Mountains, the Eastern Northeast Plain, Sanjiang Plain, and Xiaoxing’an Mountain coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The number of people surveyed at each survey site was no less than 250. The modified Kato thick smear method was used to examine the participants’ fecal samples (two slide-reading/sample) for C. sinensis eggs and counted. Of the 30 280 examinees, 747 were found infected, with an infection rate of 2.47%. The infection rate in rural and urban areas was 2.77% (734/26 456) and 0.34% (13/3 824) respectively, with the difference being statistically significant (χ² = 82.295, P < 0.05). Most of the infected showed mild infection (82.33%, 615/747). The infection rate was 3.05% (462/15 171) in males and 1.89% (285/15 109) in females, showing significant difference between the sexes (χ² = 42.261, P < 0.05). The highest infection rate was seen in the age group of 30-39 years (3.32%, 147/4 430), revealing significant difference between the age groups (χ² = 122.182, P < 0.05). The highest infection rate was found in farmers (animal husbandry and fishery) (3.16%, 692/21 914), with the difference between occupation groups being statistically significant (χ² = 164.846, P < 0.05). The infection rate differed significantly among the participants with different levels of education (χ² = 124.596, P < 0.05) and was highest in the group with junior high school education (3.46%, 499/14 425). The rate was significantly different between different ethnic groups (χ² = 8.395, P < 0.05), with the Han group having the highest infection rate (2.51%, 739/29 487). In rural areas, most of the infected people showed mild infection intensity (82.56%, 606/734). The infection rate was 3.39% (454/13 378) in males and 2.14 (280/13 078) in females, thus differing significantly between the sexes (χ² = 38.468, P < 0.05). The infection rate differed significantly with age (χ² = 111.315, P < 0.05) and was highest in the 30-39 year age group (3.78%, 145/3 841). Significant difference in infection rate was found also in occupation distribution (χ² = 103.863, P < 0.05), with the highest seen in the group of servants and enterprise-institution employees (5.05%, 10/198). The infection rate differed significantly in education distribution (χ² = 127.308, P < 0.05), and was highest in the group at the education level of junior high school (3.88%, 496/12 792). It also differed significantly between different ethnic groups (χ² = 8.903, P < 0.05), and was highest in the Han group (2.82%, 726/25 734). The Sanjiang Plain ecoregion showed the highest infection rate (8.75%, 575/6 574), and the rate differed significantly between ecoregions (χ² = 1 177.510, P < 0.05). In urban areas, the majority of the infected had mild infection (9/13). The infection rate in males was 0.45% (8/1 793) and that in females was 0.25% (5/2 031). The highest infection rate was detected in the age group 50-59 years (0.79%, 5/636), and among different occupations, the group of servants and enterprise-institution employees had the highest infection rate (0.97%, 4/411). In the education distribution, the illiterate group showed the highest infection rate (1.14%, 2/176). C. sinensis infection was only detected in Han ethnicity, with an infection rate of 0.35% (13/3 753). The C. sinensis infection found in Heilongjiang Province was largely mild, and the highest infection rate was seen in the Sanjiang Plain ecoregion, thus, it is imperative to actively explore feasible control strategies and measures appropriate to the actual situations in different regions in Heilongjiang Province.

Key words: Clonorchis sinensis, Infection, Survey, Heilongjiang Province

中图分类号:

R383.22

唐磊, 袁爽, 尹世辉, 葛涛, 葛晶雪, 邢智锋. 2015年黑龙江省人群华支睾吸虫感染状况调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(6): 741-745.

TANG Lei, YUAN Shuang, YIN Shi-hui, GE Tao, GE Jing-xue, XING Zhi-feng. Investigation on the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in human population of Heilongjiang Province, 2015[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2021, 39(6): 741-745.

图/表 1

表1

参考文献 10

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特征	农村地区			城镇地区			合计
特征	检查人数	感染人数	感染率/%	检查人数	感染人数	感染率/%	检查人数	感染人数	感染率/%
性别
男	13 378	454	3.39	1 793	8	0.45	15 171	462	3.05
女	13 078	280	2.14	2 031	5	0.25	15 109	285	1.89
年龄组
< 10	1 770	4	0.23	272	0	0	2 042	4	0.20
10~19	2 254	25	1.11	570	0	0	2 824	25	0.89
20~29	2 315	54	2.33	270	1	0.37	2 585	55	2.13
30~39	3 841	145	3.78	589	2	0.34	4 430	147	3.32
40~49	5 624	194	3.45	725	3	0.41	6 349	197	3.10
50~59	4 952	174	3.51	636	5	0.79	5 588	179	3.20
60~69	4 142	115	2.78	490	2	0.41	4 632	117	2.53
≥ 70	1 558	23	1.48	272	0	0	1 830	23	1.26
文化程度
文盲	1 368	19	1.39	176	2	1.14	1 544	21	1.36
小学	9 921	188	1.89	876	2	0.23	10 797	190	1.76
初中	12 792	496	3.88	1 633	3	0.18	14 425	499	3.46
高中、中专	1 270	20	1.57	673	5	0.74	1 943	25	1.29
大专、大学及以上	236	10	4.24	333	1	0.30	569	11	1.93
职业
工人	213	2	0.94	536	1	0.19	749	3	0.40
农（牧、渔）民	21 179	689	3.25	735	3	0.41	21 914	692	3.16
干部、企事业职员	198	10	5.05	411	4	0.97	609	14	2.30
离退休人员	147	1	0.68	529	2	0.38	676	3	0.44
家务及待业人员	833	5	0.60	496	2	0.40	1 329	7	0.53
学生、儿童	3 826	27	0.71	862	0	0.00	4688	27	0.58
其他	60	0	0	255	1	0.39	315	1	0.32
民族
汉族	25 734	726	2.82	3 753	13	0.35	29 487	739	2.51
满族	333	6	1.80	36	0	0	369	6	1.63
朝鲜族	300	1	0.33	10	0	0	310	1	0.32
其他	89	1	1.12	25	0	0	114	1	0.88
合计	26 456	734	2.77	3 824	13	0.34	30 280	747	2.47

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