胞外囊泡介导血吸虫与宿主相互作用的研究进展

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.03.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胞外囊泡（EVs）是由细胞释放至胞外的具有脂质双分子层结构的包膜性小囊泡,内含蛋白质、脂质、DNA和RNA等生物活性分子,可通过与靶细胞受体结合或直接融合的方式传递效应分子,发挥生物学功能。EVs作为一种新型的细胞间信号转导机制,在血吸虫与宿主间的相互作用过程中发挥了重要的调控作用。本文着重阐述EVs的分类、起源、结构和功能以及血吸虫不同发育阶段分泌的EVs介导虫体与宿主相互作用的研究进展,为血吸虫病的防治研究提供新的思路。

关键词: 血吸虫, 胞外囊泡, 宿主, 相互作用机制

Abstract:

Extracellular vesicles are lipid-bilayer vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular space. They contain bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA, and can transfer effector molecules via binding to receptors of target cells or by direct fusing to, thus exerting biological function. Extracellular vesicles as a new type of intercellular signal transduction mechanism, play a critical role in regulating interaction between schistosome and host. This review underlines the researches advance on extracellular vesicles in regard to the classification, origin, structure and functions, and the role to mediate the parasite-host interactions upon secreted from schistosomes at different developmental stages, thus providing new ideas for researches on the prevention and control of schistosomiasis.

Key words: Schistosome, Extracellular vesicle, Host, Interaction mechanism

中图分类号:

R383.2+4

孙成松, 胡薇, 汪天平. 胞外囊泡介导血吸虫与宿主相互作用的研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(3): 378-382.

SUN Cheng-song, HU Wei, WANG Tian-ping. Advances in research on schistosome-host interactions mediated by extracellular vesicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2020, 38(3): 378-382.

图/表 1

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EVs类型	外泌体	微囊泡	凋亡小体
尺寸	30~100 nm	100~1 000 nm	1~5 μm
形态	杯状	形态多样	形态多样
离心力	100 000~200 000 g	10 000~20 000 g	< 10 000 g
蛋白标志物	CD63、 CD9、 CD81、肿瘤特异性糖蛋白（tumor-specific glycoprotein 101,Tsg101）、 ALG-2相互作用蛋白X（ALG-2-interacting protein X,Alix）	蛋白质、非编码 RNA、 mRNA	组蛋白
主要组分	蛋白质、非编码 RNA、 mRNA	蛋白质、非编码RNA、 mRNA	蛋白质、非编码RNA、 mRNA、 DNA
产生机制	细胞内多泡体直接与胞质膜融合以胞吐形式释放	细胞质膜向外以脱落或出芽形式产生	细胞程序性死亡或凋亡过程中形成