Table of Content

30 October 1997, Volume 15 Issue 5

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论著

RESEARCH REPORT OF THE FIRST FINDING OF TRICHINELLA NATIVA IN CHINA

XuBianli;CuiZhaolin;ZhangYulin;LinXimeng;XiaShengli

1997, 15(5):  257-262. 

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AIM:To identify the species of two isolates of Trichinella in China.METHODSAND RESULTS:Comparative studies of biological characteristics between Heilongjiang dog isolate of Trichinella (NL.45°35 and EA.1 2 6°35 ) and Henan pig isolate of Trichinella (NL .32° 40 and EA.1 1 2°1 0 ) were done.In single pair interbreeding experiments,mating between Henan pig isolate and the Heilongjiang dog isolate did not occur. Intrabreeding trials of Henan pig isolate and Heilongjiang dog isolate showed 30% and 20% mating, respectively. In temperature to lerance trials, the Heilongjiang dog isolate could to lerate a temperature of -15±1℃ for 12 months or - 25±1℃ for 16 days, the Henan pig isolate died with in 9 days at the temperature of -15±1℃ or -25±1℃. The Heilongjiang dog isolate had a relatively lower reproductive capacity index (RCI) in rat (14. 4) and in mice (6. 2) , while the Henan pig isolate had a higher RCI in rat (191. 3) and in mice (195. 7). The Heilongjiang dog isolate was weakly infective in domestic pigs, while the Henan isolate showed a higher degree of infectivity in the same host. The results of random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprint trials showed that the RAPD pattern of the Heilongjiang dog isolate was the same as that of T. nativa whereas the RAPD pattern of Henan pig isolate was the same as that of T. spiralis. CONCLUSION: The Henan isolate of Trichinella is T. spiralis and the Heilongjiang isolate of Trich inellais T. nativa. Thus, there are at least two species of Trichinella in China.

EFFECT OF TRICLABENDAZOLE ON EXPERIMENTAL PARAGONIMIASISWESTERMANI IN DOGS

GaoJingsong;LiuYuehan;WangXiaogen;YuDenggao;ShuQun

1997, 15(5):  263-265. 

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AIM:To observe the therapeutic effect of triclabendazole in the treatment of dogs
with paragonimiasis westermani.METHODS:Six dogs were experimentally infected each with 1 0 0
metacercariae of Paragonimus westermani intraperitoneally and divided into untreated and treated
groups,3dogs were treated orally with triclabendazole 1 0 0 mg/kg· d for 2 con- secutive days
at d 1 70 post infection.Stool egg count was done with Stoll method.All of these dogs were
killed at38days after treatmentand the number of worm eysts and worms in the lungs were examined by naked eye and microscopically. RESULTS: Stool eggs became negative from d7 to d14 after starting chemotherapy in treated dogs, the number of worm cysts in the lungs of untreated dogs were 18, 24 and 24 on necropsy, while those in the treated dogs were 10, 7 and 4, respectively. The number of adult worms in the untreated dogs were 38, 51 and 42, while in the treated dogs only 2 smaller adult worms were found in one dog and no worm was found in the other two dogs. The mean worm reduction rate was 98.5%. CONCLUSION: Triclabendazole is highly active against Paragonimus westermani in experimenal infected dogs

PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY IN MICE AFTER IMMUNIZATION WITH PLASMODIUM YOELII 53kDa ANTIGEN

WangChunli;XueCaifang;ZhangRongqing;ZhenRongfen

1997, 15(5):  266-268. 

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AIM:To study the protective immunity of Plasmodium yoelii(P.y) 5 3k Da antigen.
METHODS:BALB/c mice were immunized with3doses of P.y 53k Da protective antigen and then
challenged ip with nonvirulent P.y infected erythrocytes1 0 days after the third im- munization.
Observations on Con A or P.y antigen- induced production of IL - 2 by spleen cells in vitro were
carried out during vaccination period and at days6 ,1 2 ,1 8after challenge. The relationship
between the levels of IL- 2 and parasitaemia was analysed. RESULTS: The IL-2 levels induced by P. y 53 kDa antigen and ConA were much higher in immunized group than in the unimmunized groups before challenge. The peak rate of parasitaemia of the immunized group was 1. 9% , which is much lower than that of 26. 1% in the unimmunized mice and 25. 4% in mice immunized with Freund’s complete adjuvant. CONCLUSION: P. y 53kDa antigen can induce a marked immune protection in mice against erythrocytic stage of P.yoelii.

INVESTIGATION OF THE SPECIESSTATUSOF ANOPHELES DIRUS( DIPTERA:CULICIDAE) FROM HAINAN PROVINCE USING rDNA

XuJiannong;QuFengyi

1997, 15(5):  269-272. 

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AIM:To ascertain the species status of the Anopheles dirus from Hainan
Province,Chi- na.METHODS:The nucleotide sequence of the second internal transcribed spacer(ITS2
) of PCR- amplified r DNA was determined for the An.diruss pecimens which included 2 individu-
als of the species A colony (AFRIMS) from Thailand and 5 individuals from Hainan Province.RESUL
TS:A841 bp fragment was amplified from single mosquito.The fragment included the ITS2 and small
portions of flanking 5.8S (96bp) and 28S (29bp) genes. The ITS2 was 716 bp in length, the
sequence was identical for all 7 individuals from both Hainan Province and Thailand. No evidence
of intraspecies or intrapopulation variation was detected in the ITS2 and flanking regions.
CONCLUSION: The result suggests the existence of An. dirus A in Hainan Province, which was in
agreement with previous studies from cytogenetic analysis and egg characteristics determned by
scanning electron microscopy.

EFFECT OF ANILINE AND PRIMAQUINE ON THE FORMATION OF METHEMOGLOBIN AND PROLIFERATION OF RETICULOCYTE IN RATS

ShiXiaohua;HaShuhua;ZhanChongqing;ShaoBaoruo

1997, 15(5):  273-275. 

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AIM:To understand the toxic effect of primaquine and aniline on the formation of
methemoglobin (MHb) and proliferation of reticulocyte (ret) . METHODS:Two groups of male
Sprague- Dawley rats were each given intraperitoneally with 3% aniline peanut oil solution at
a single dose of 1 ml/ kg and intragastrically with primaquine 40 mg/ kg per day for 7 days, respectively. Another two groups receiving corresponding solvents were served as controls. Blood MHb level and retcountwere determined at 2h,24h,48 h and 72h after medication for aniline and every day for primaquine from the day of the administration of the second dose of drug till the 5th day after treatment, and then every other day till the 15th day. RESULTS: The mean percentage concentration of MHb and ret count in aniline group rats was significantly higher than those of the controls at 2h and 24 h after aniline administration, indicating that the rats in the aniline group presented acute in travascular hemolytic reaction. No remarkabale changes were found in the mean percentage concentration of MHb in primaquine group rats after medication, while the mean ret count was significantly lower during and after treatment than those before medication. CONCLUSION: In rats, primaquine could inhibit the proliferation of reticulocytes, but did not induce any acute intravascular hemolytic reaction similar to those seen in aniline group rats.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION DYNAMICSOF HOOKWORM INFECTION IN A RURAL COMMUNITY OF NORTH JIANGSU PROVINCE

ZhangTao;ShenYiping;YangWeiping;ShaoJingou;DongKai;XuJuling

1997, 15(5):  276-280. 

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AIM:To understand the population dynamics of hookworm infection and the effect of
chemotherapy on population transmission. METHODS:The mathematic model was used to simulate the
population dynamics of hookworm infection in the population of Groups A and B.RESULTS:The
changes in age- prevalence and ageintensity (EPG) profile rose with age; the negative binomial
probability model provided a good empirical description of the frequency distribution
ofhookworm burden per host,the K value was0.289 and 0.206, respectively in Groups A and B. There was a non-linear relation ship between worm burden and egg production and this showed density-dependent, the Z value was 0.919 and 0.899, respectively in Groups A and B. The basic reproductive rate R was 2.153 and 1.872, respectively in Groups A and B. CONCLUSION: When R value was greater than the transmission threshold (Ro= 1) , the endemicity of the hookworm infection was stable in the community; the difficulty of control programm emet was higher in the endemic area with high R than with low R, the effect of a single chemotherapy could not be consolidated with in a long period due to reinfection; the effectiveness of chemotherapy should be evaluated by examining the intensity of infection rather than overall prevalence.

THREE CASESOF HUMAN MAMMOMONOGAMUS LARYNGEUS INFECTION

LiDaoning;LiGuiyun;ZhanXimei

1997, 15(5):  281-284. 

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AIM:To explore which parasite might be existed in three patients eating raw turtle
blood and viscus.METHODS:The feces of these3patients was examined by direct smear and saturated
salt floatation method. 24h sputum was examined by the smear and sedimentation method,trachea
and bronchus were examined by bronchoscopy. The adultworms and eggs were examined and measured
with carmine staining fixed specimen.RESUL TS:Fecal examination of patients was negative. The
worms and eggs were found in 24h sputum by bronchoscopy and after treatment. CONCLUSION: The worms and eggs were identified to be Mammomonogamus laryngeus

COEXISTENCE OF A FIFTH-STAGE LARVA AND A DEVELOPING FEMALE OF ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF A PATIENT

ChangZhengshan;JiangZexiao;NiXiujun;ZhangYongnian;TangMengguang;ZhaoYanmei

1997, 15(5):  285-287. 

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AIM:To provide reliable etiological evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of angiostrongylosis cantonensis by identification of worm species.METHODS:A CSF sample from a
patient was subjected to microscopy. RESULTS:Two A. Cantonensisof different developing stages
were found and identified for the first time in the CSF of the patient at the same time.The
eosinophil count was1 4% in the peripheral blood of the patient.CONCLUSION:Microscopic
examination thus permits the diagnosis and treatment of angiostrongylosis.

SIZE OF HEPATIC GRANULOMA PRODUCED BY EGGS IN MICE INFECTED WITH VARIOUSGEOGRAPHIC STRAINSOF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM IN ASIA

HeYixun;YuQifang;HuYaqing;QiuLishu

1997, 15(5):  288-291. 

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AIM:To compare the size of hepatic granulomas produced by eggs from various geographic strains of Schistosoma japonicum in Asia.METHODS:The size of each single-egg granuloma of productive stage was measured in the liver sections of C57BL mice infected with each of the following strains of S.japonicum,i.e.,Chinese Yunnan(Y) ,Chinese Guangxi (G) ,Chinese Sichuan (S) ,Chinese Anhui- Hubei (A ) ,Chinese Taiwan (T) , Japanese(J) and the Philippines(P) .The volume of each granuloma was calculated by the formula V =∏AB²/6, in which A and B stand for the two perpendicular axes. RESULTS: In the permissive host C57BL inbred mouse, though the average size of egg granulomas differed with the geographic strains used, themean volume of productive stage of egg granulomas for Chinese Taiwan strains, a zoophilic strain, was smaller than that detected in the other six anthrophophilic strains (Fig. 1). These differences were statistically significant (P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: Some unique specificities migh t be occurred between the host-parasite relationship in the host infected with Chinese Taiwan strain of S. japonicum and that the immunobiology involved in the hosts would particularly be worth pursuing.

IN VITRO SENSITIVITY OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM TO DERIVATIVESOF ARTEMISININ, PYRONARIDINE AND CHLOROQUINE IN YUNNAN

YangHenglin;LiuDequan;HuangKaiguo;DongYing;YangYaming;YangPinfang;LiaoMingzheng;ZhangChunyong;LiuRuijun

1997, 15(5):  292-296. 

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AIM:To examine the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to six antimalarials in
south Yunnan in 1991—1993.METHODS:Rieckmanns in vitro microtechnique was used.The responses of P.falciparum to chloroquine,pyronaridine and derivatives of artemisinin including artesunate, dihydroartemisinin,arteether and artemether were assayed. RESULTS:The resistance rates
of P.falciparum from southeast,west and south Yunnan,Laos,Myrnmar were 79%— 96 % ,and ID50 were
122— 240 nmol/L to chloroquine; whereas the resistance rates were 20% —35% , and ID50 were 16—32 nmol/L to pyronaridine. The resistance rates were 5% —16% to the derivatives of artemisinin, while P.falciparum from Laos showed high sensitivity to the derivatives of artemisinin. CONCLUSION: The resistance of P. falciparum to chloroquine were popular in Yunnan, most of the isolates were sensitive to the above-mentioned derivatives of artemisinin and pyronaridine, only a few isolates exhibited
resistance.

FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSISOF THE EFFECT OF METRONIDAZOLE ON TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

HanWensu;ZuoLianfu;ZhouWenqin;WangBoxia;LiZemin;FengXiaoyong

1997, 15(5):  297-300. 

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AIM:To understand the mechanism of action of metronidazole on Trichomonas vaginalis.METHODS:The cell cycle of T.vaginalis and the effect of metronidazole on T.Vaginalis in
vitro were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS:In the control untreated T. vaginalis,the
percentages of cells in G0 /G1 ,S and G2 M phases were70 .3% ,1 3.6 % and 1 3.5 % ,respectively
in phasic distribution of cell cycle,with a natural mortality of 2 .8% . The phasic distribution
of cell cycle of T.vaginalis was obviously changed with the concentration of metronidazole and the time duration of incubation. After 9-hr incubation at 20 μg/ml of metronidazole concentration, the death rate of cell was 46. 6% , being significantly different as compared with the control group (P <0. 01). The G0/G1 and G2M cells were obviously decreased in number, while S cells were accumulated. CONCLUSION:Metronidazole inhibited G2M phase of T. vaginalis.

防治经验

ROLE OF HEALTH EDUCATION IN SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL AMONG ADULT WOMEN IN A LAKE REGION

HuGuanghan;LiuJianxiang;LinDandan;KangZenhua;XiongYulong;ChenTaihui;ChenGuojun;SuLihua;HuFei;ZhangShaoji

1997, 15(5):  301-304. 

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AIM:To explore the role of health education in schistosomiasis control among adult
women in a highly endemic area of Poyang L ake region. METHODS:Through listening- video
education and technical training,the adult women were taught the knowledge of control measures
against schistosomiasis. RESUL TS:After health education,the qualification rate of knowledge on
anti- schistosomiasis and the rate of cooperating attitude to perform the project of prevention
and chemotherapy on anti- schistosomiasis in the experimental group was increased from 55. 3% and 68.0% to 84. 8% and 91. 9%, being 32. 5% and 21. 8% higher than those in control group, respectively. The rates of infested water exposure and occurrences of new infection and reinfection were reduced from 9. 5% and 19. 4% to 6. 7% and 7. 1% , being 42. 0% and 66. 1% 1ower than those in the control group, respectively; the proportion of educated women teaching their children how to prevent schistosomiasis was increased from 48.4% to 96. 9%, being 35. 0% higher than those in the control group; and the proportion of women taking their children in contacting infested ater and the infection rate of the children aged 3- 5 were reduced from 54. 8% and 17. 6% to 6. 3% and 2. 7%, being 87. 9% and 86.0% lower than those in the control group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Health education
can effectively control schistosome infection among adult women and their children.

STUDIESON RESISTANCE OF HOUSEFLY TO INSECTICIDE AND ITSCOUNTERMEASURE IN SUZHOU

PanKaiyou;ChenZhilong;XuShuren;HuangYongding;MaZhenhong

1997, 15(5):  305-307. 

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AIM:To provide scientific basis for formulating effective countermeasures to control ^{Musca domestica} and delaying the development of resistance of insecticides.METHODS:The degree of resistance of Musca domestica to organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticide was determined by micro- drop method.RESUL TS:The houseflies in Suzhou City and its three ju- risdictions showed high resistance to DDVP and mid- resistance to cypermethrin.In Suzhou city and Wujiang,the houseflies showed high resistance to permethrin, while the houseflies showed mid-resistance in Taicang and Kunshan. CONCLUSION: The houseflies exhibited different degrees of resistance to organophosphorus and pyrethroid in Suzhou.