Table of Content

30 December 2006, Volume 24 Issue 增刊

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专家论坛

Theory and Practices of the Infrastructure Establishment on Parasite Germplasm Resources in China

ZHOUXiao-nong;LINJiao-jiao;CAOJian-ping;HUANGBing;CHENShao-hong;ZHANGYi;HUWei

2006, 24(增刊):  1-s10. 

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In spite of the parasite germplasm is a physical basis for research and control of parasitic diseases, the parasite is an essential resource for researches on life science and nomenclature. This review describes the basic theory and concept of parasite germplasm resource, and put forward the objective, implementation plan and technical strategy of the infrastructure establishment on parasite germplasm resources in China, in order to further improve the level on prevention and use of the parasite germplasm resources in the country.

The Reservation and Use of Parasite Resources in Livestock and Poultry

HEGuo-sheng

2006, 24(增刊):  2-s12. 

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Parasite resources are not only needed for scientific research, but also one of important national resources. This article reviewed the progress and importance of the collection and reservation of veterinary parasites, and put forward the suggestion and comments on how to construct a parasite resource platform and improve the function of the parasite resources in order to improve sharing the resources and better serve for the scientific research and control of parasitic diseases.

Current Status, Utilization and Sharing of Mosquito Germplasm Resources in China

QUFeng-yi

2006, 24(增刊):  3-s16. 

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This paper reviewed the main mosquito-species resource of China recorded during 1828-2002 in different periods through Feng （1938）, Meng （1955）, Lu （1977）, to Qu （2002）. According to the new systematic series of Reinert （2001）, the mosquito-record of China would be totally: 21 genera, 52 subgenera, and 395 species/ subspecies up to 2006. The first report of mosquito studies in China including: new species described by foreigner or Chinese entomo-logists, check list, hand-book of “key to Chinese mosquitoes”, and “Fauna of China” were cited. And with some discu-ssions on guarantee of the quality of resource materials, its utilization and resource-sharing.

综述

An Introduction to International Parasitic GermplasmResources and Sharing

ZHUHuai-min

2006, 24(增刊):  4-s23. 

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The paper selectively introduces the famous and richly historical parasite collections in the world. Over the years these institutions or museums have proven to be valuable resource for researchers and students around the world for locating information about specimen holdings， accessions， category of type specimens for each collection listed， services （including resource sharing）， and background of the reservation institutes. The information presented here could provide useful references for researchers and teachers.

Application of Computer Assistant Expert Systemin Biology Identification

ZHOUJie;HUANGBing

2006, 24(增刊):  5-s28. 

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The appliance status of computer assistant technology in biological identification was summarized and compared. The author considered that at the present time， the technology of expert system was relatively advanced. The technology of expert system was presented in detail. The status and foreground of the application of expert system in parasites identification was also generally expatiated.

Classification and Identification of Plant Nematodes

CHENLi-jie;DUANYu-xi

2006, 24(增刊):  6-s32. 

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Classification of plant nematodes was summarized in this paper. Points of view on taxonomy of plant nematodes were listed. Some serious plant diseases which were infected by plant nematodes were involved. Identification of genus was introduced， including Meloidogyne， Heterodera， Ditylenchus， Aphelenchoides and Bursaphelenchus.

Parasitic Germplasm Resource and Control of Parasitosis forDomestic Animal and Poultry in Sichuan and South-western China

LIAODang-Jin;LIJiang-Ling;LIHong;YEJian-Qiang;ZHAOSu-Jun;CAOYe;ZHOUHong-Qun

2006, 24(增刊):  7-s38. 

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The object of using parasitic germplasm resource is to raise the technical level to control parsitosis for domestic animal and poultry. A total of 1 036 parasitic species collected from 16 kinds of domestic animals and poultries were reported in South-western China， where is one of the most serious areas for parasitosis transmission in China. This paper described the research and use of the new techniques on diagnosis， surveillance and control of parasitosis in domestic animal and poultry in Sichuan and South-western China， especially on applying resources of parasitic species in the pilot areas， so that the capacity of control and prevent of parasitosis in sheep， pig and dairy cattle farms were reasonably improved.

论著

Exploration on Living Passage for Trichinella Isolates

SONGMing-xin;HEGuo-sheng;LUYi-xin;CAOJie;HUANGYan;MAGuang-peng;XUMei-qian;HANCai-xia;ZHUShun-hai

2006, 24(增刊):  8-s41. 

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Objective To establish a standard technique on passaging Trichinella isolates for the purpose of teaching and scientific research. Methods Healthy mice were orally infected with muscle larvae of Trichinella isolates， and mice were killed at 40 days post infection. The weighed muscles of mice were minced into small pieces and digested by artificial gastric juice. The minced muscle tissues were incubated at 37 ℃ for 4 to 6 hours. The larvae were collected from the supernatant after appropriate filtration and differential sinking. The morphology of Trichinella isolates was observed by the microscope. Result The worms curled tightly like spiral in the microscope. Infectivity of Trichinella from swine and dog, T.spiralis and T.nativa in mice was significantly different （P<0.01）. Swine isolate and T.spiralis were highly infective to mice with RCIs of 121.01 and 149.86 respectively. However, mice was relatively refractory to dog isolate and T.nativa with RCIs of 60.98 and 55.15 respectively. Conclusion The effect is fine to passage by the way of digestion, and it can be preserved enduringly.

Research on Host Animals of Paragonimus in Jiangxi Province

ZHOUXian-min;PENGWei-dong;YANTao;DAIAi-yun;ZOUJie-xin;ZHUChun-chao;ZHOUXiao-chen

2006, 24(增刊):  9-s47. 

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Objective To study on systematic classification and experimental research on host animals of Paragonimus in Jiangxi Province. Methods Classification and definition of the 1st and 2nd intermediate host of Paragonimus were carried out by using morphological study. Detection of the diapause adolescent of Paragonimus in boar’s organs,such as liver, was doen by using normal saline-releasing technique. By using Erinaceus europaeus and mice as animal models of Paragonimus experiment respectively, animal infection was performed with encysted metacercaria of Paragonimus orally in order to process the host conversion with direct and indirect paratenic transmission. Results We discovered and confirmed that there were 17 different species of 1st intermediate host of in Paragonimus Jiangxi， covering 2 families and 3 genera， and 23 different species of 2nd intermediate host， covering 1 order， 1 family and 3 genera， 15 of which were reported to be new species by the authors. Furthermore， a new genus of Jiangxi Huananpotamon was built up， based on the assumption that Wuyi mountain range is the developing centre of Huananpotamon， and tend to spread out towards Jiulian mountain of Nanling mountain range adjacent to Guangdong Province and Luoxiao mountain range next to Hunan Province. In addition， Jiangxi Province freshwater crab order was created at the end of research， as well as a complete classification and retrieval table of its order and genus. The authors also proved that the advantageous stocks of freshwater crabs carrying encysted metacercaria of Jiangxi Paragonimus westermani were Sinopotamon fukiense and S.wanzaiense. More importantly， research and analysis on zoogeography of Jiangxi freshwater crabs have been done， and geography division table of intermediate hosts of Jiangxi Paragonimus is completed. At last， this research has proved that Sus scrofa is the natural paratenic host of Jiangxi Paragonimus westermani， and Erinaceus europaeus is used to be the experimental paratenic host and animal model for Jiangxi Paragonimus westermani， for the first time. Conclusion There are many endemic areas of Paragonimus in Jiangxi Province, however, the distribution of Paragonimus has been gradually limiting to mountainous areas. Constitution and distribution of freshwater crabs have close relationship with altitude, terrain features, and movements of water in the area. Wild rodent animal may contribute to the maintenance and expansion of the endemic areas of Paragonimus.

Collection and Identification of Piroplasma Infected toCattle and Sheep in China

LUOJian-xun;YINHong;LIUGuang-yuan;GUANGui-quan;LIUZhi-jie;LIUAi-hong;BAIQi;LUWen-shun

2006, 24(增刊):  10-s53. 

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Objective To establish a standard method on collection and identification of Piroplasma infected to cattle and sheep. Methods The Piroplasma were isolated by inoculating the blood or tick collected from the field, the tick vectors were determined by transmission experiment; The phylogenetic relationship was studied by sequencing 18S rRNA gene. Results Thirty four isolates of Piroplasma were obtained from the distinct areas of China, and some studies on their taxonomy were carried out. Conclusion Piroplasma could be effectively isolated by the blood inoculation or by the transmission with ticks, more accurate taxonomic studies were obtained by the classical method in combination with the molecular method.

Exploration on Specimen Preparation for Medical Mollusks

ZHANGYi;ZHOUXiao-nong;LIUHe-xiang

2006, 24(增刊):  11-s57. 

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Objective To establish techniques to prepare the specimens of the medical mollusks for the purpose of scientific research， teaching and public education. Methods After collection of the mollusks samples， the shell specimens and soft body specimens were prepared in accordance with the standard of making dried specimens and immersed specimens， separately. Results All of specimens prepared based on the method described in the paper meet the basic requirements of the specimens to be used in biological research. The shells and softbody can be preserved for longer time base on the standard of making dried specimens and immersed specimens. Shells are integrated， its colour are hold and no peculiar smell. The softbody can be separated. The structures of softbody can be used for anatomized. Conclusion The specimen prepared by the standard criteria not only can be used for research purpose on molecular biology and morphology， but also can be preserved permanently.

Exploration on Permanent Staining Preparation of Tapeworm

CHENSheng-xia;WULiang;XUHui-juan;SHUAILian-yun;FUXing-li;QIUJin-bo

2006, 24(增刊):  12-s61. 

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Objective To make staining preparation of tapeworm for the purpose of teaching and scientific research. Methoeds Pregnant segmens were stained by Indian ink， and mature segments， cephalomeres and bladder worms were stained by carmine. Result After staining the characteristics of pregnant segments， mature segments， cephalomeres and bladder worms were observed obviously. For instance， the stem and branches linking both?鄄side of uteri in pregnant segment and reproduction cavity projecting in one of edges in the center of the pregnant segment were clearly shown in ink colour after stained by Indian ink. The red colour was shown in the mature segment with deep-coloured male and female reproduction systems inside， separately， after stained by carmine. Conclusion Tapeworm preparation stained by Indian ink and carmine is useful and can be preserved permanently.

实验技术

The Establishment of ELISA Method for Detecting Babesia gibsoniby Recombinant Antigen BgAMA-1

YANGJun;ZHOUJin-lin;XIAOBin-nan

2006, 24(增刊):  13-s64. 

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In order to improve diagnostic method to Babesia gibsoni infection, gene recombination technique was used in our study. By this technique, we constructed and expressed recombinant apical membrane antigen-1 （BgAMA-1）, and recombinant BgAMA-1 was used in ELISA experiment as diagnostic antigen. The results showed the recombinant expressed plasmid was triumphantly constructed and the recombinant antigen BgAMA-1 had a high specificity in ELISA test. These results demonstrate that the recombinant BgAMA-1 might be a useful diagnostic reagent for detection of antibodies to B.gibsoni in dogs.

Processing Methods of Plant Nematode Slides

DUANYu-xi;CHENLi-jie

2006, 24(增刊):  14-s67. 

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The processing methods of plant nematode slides were introduced in this paper, including temporary mounts, permanent mounts and the stain method for nematode. Each method was described step by step in detail. These methods were essential to the study on classification, identification and characteristics of the plant nematode.

讲座

Classification of Nematode in Ruminant from Qinghai Province

CAIJin-zhong

2006, 24(增刊):  15-s71. 

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To classify and identified the nematode parasized in ruminant in Qinghai province, the mature nematode specimen parasized in Tibetan sheep, goat, yak, ox and camel was collected and classified systematically, by adopting classfication systems of Yamaguti（1961）. All those specimens belong to 24 genera of 15 families of 6 orders in nematade of Nemathelminthes Class, of which 85 kinds of nematodes were sorted out, among them 13 lung nematodes, 71 digestine nematode and 1 muscle nematode were classified.

Collecting and Preserving Mosquitoes: Tools and Techniques

ZHUHuai-min

2006, 24(增刊):  16-s75. 

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This lecture provides a summary of the methods and techniques used by professionals to collect and preserve mosquito specimens for study and teaching. Many species of mosquitoes can be collected most easily in their natural environments. However, some species must be collected and properly preserved before they can be identified. Because correct identification seldom is easy, it is important that specimens be preserved in the best condition possible. The identification of a particular insect usually requires examination of minute details of its anatomy with the aid of a hand lens or microscope. If these details on a specimen are concealed, missing, or destroyed because of improper handling or preservation, identification is made difficult or impossible, and information about the species to which it belongs cannot be made available. Specific groups or species may be collected to acquire material for biological, physiological, ecological, molecular, and systematic studies. While many of the methods covered here, such as samples collecting, pinning, slide?鄄mounting, and other techniques have become available everywhere; but for molecular studies, only in the recent years or decades the advancing technologies developed.

Collection of Parasite Samples and Preservation of Specimens

CHANGZheng-shan

2006, 24(增刊):  17-s81. 

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The paper introduced standard approaches on collection of parasite samples and preservation of specimens. The collection of parasite samples included the procedures of collecting parasite samples from field or ento-surface of patient′s body infected with parasites, such as helminth, protozoan, and insect, so that the entire samples were able to be kept originally. The preservation of specimens included the procedures of fixing and preserving different stages and different hosted organs of parasites, so that whole specimens could be preserved in a long term.

Isolation and Storage of Coccidial Oocysts in Chicken

HUANGBing;HANHong-yu;DONGHui;JIANGLian-lian;ZHAOQi-ping;WANGXin;HANJing-fang

2006, 24(增刊):  18-s84. 

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Recovery of the oocysts is one of essential techniques used in the studies of Coccidia and coccidiosis of domestic fowls. The details of the procedures on isolation and storage of coccidial oocysts in chickens were summarized in this paper.