CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES >

2019 , Vol. 37 >Issue 5: 532 - 538

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2019.05.005

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Challenges in malaria elimination: the epidemiological characteristics of Plasmodium vivax in China from 2011 to 2018

  • Li ZHANG ,
  • Jun FENG ,
  • Hong TU ,
  • Zhi-gui XIA ,
  • Shui-sen ZHOU
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  • National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research;WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases;National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology;Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health;Shanghai 200025, China

Received date: 2019-06-25

  Online published: 2019-11-07

Supported by

Supported by the Key Techniques in Collaborative Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Diseases in the Belt and Road (No. 2018ZX10101002-004) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81602904)

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Abstract

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Plasmodium vivax in China from 2011 to 2018 so as to provide the evidence-based technical and theoretical support for the elimination of malaria in China. Methods The epidemiological data of P. vivax infection was collected from 31 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) from 2011 to 2018. The data of epidemic situation, regional distribution, infection source were analyzed. Results A total of 7 768 P. vivax infected cases were reported in 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) except for Qinghai from 2011 to 2018, accounting for 30.0% of the total reported malaria cases (7 768/25 874). The reported of P. vivax cases have declined from 2 634 cases (accounting for 58.6% of the total malaria cases) in 2011 to 352 cases (accounting for 14.0% of the total malaria cases) in 2018. The reported P. vivax cases were mainly distributed in Yunnan (48.6%, 3 772/7 768), Anhui (7.9%, 612/7 768), Sichuan (7.8%, 604/7 768), Hunan (4.6%, 354/7 768), and Henan (3.9%, 303/7 768). Only 3 local vivax malaria cases were reported in 2016. There was no local P. vivax case reported in 2017 and 2018. The imported 6 227 P. vivax cases were reported in 30 provinces during 2011-2018, mainly in Yunnan (50.7%, 3 160/6 227), Sichuan (9.4%, 585/6 227), Hunan (5.6%, 349/6 227), Henan (4.8%, 297/6 227) and Guangxi (4.4%, 271/6 227). Totally 65 countries in 4 continents were recorded as the sources of P. vivax infection for the imported cases. 4 232 P. vivax cases (68.0%, 4 232/6 227) were imported from 16 countries in Asia including Myanmar (54.9%, 3 419/6 227), Indonesia (4.2%, 264/6 227), and Pakistan (2.9%, 182/6 227). A total of 1 556 cases (25.0%, 1 556/6 227) were imported from 44 countries in Africa including Ethiopia (9.3%, 580/6 227), Ghana (2.5%, 155/6 227) and Equatorial Guinea (1.5%, 96/6 227). Besides, 17 P. vivax cases were imported from 4 countries in South America (0.3%, 17/6 227), and 60 cases imported from 2 countries in Oceania (1.0%, 60/6 227). Conclusion P. vivax cases were reported decreasingly from 2011 to 2018. No local P. vivax cases occurred in China in 2017 and 2018. However, the imported P. vivax infection source has been identified in 65 countries from Africa, Asia, South America and Oceania. Therefore, the measures in elimination and post-elimination should continue to be strengthened to prevent re-establishment of the imported vivax malaria.

Key words： Malaria; Plasmodium vivax; China; Incidence; Elimination

Cite this article

Li ZHANG , Jun FENG , Hong TU , Zhi-gui XIA , Shui-sen ZHOU . Challenges in malaria elimination: the epidemiological characteristics of Plasmodium vivax in China from 2011 to 2018[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2019 , 37(5) : 532 -538 . DOI: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2019.05.005

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