Leishmaniasis and its control

Abstract

Abstract:

Leishmaniasis is an ancient parasitic disease. It can be divided into 3 types: visceral leishmaniasis(VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis(MCL) according to clinical manifestations. Leishmaniasis is widely distributed in Asia, Africa, Europe, and central and south America. The control of leishmaniasis is challenging and thus a long-run task. There are two types of leishmaniasis in China, including the VL and CL types. The human VL, which once had a prevalence in plain areas of 7 provinces in eastern and central China, was reported to be eliminated in 1983, but is still occurring in some ancient oasis plain areas of southern Xinjiang. The VLs in the mountainous and desert regions in the west are of the zoonotic type and are difficult to control, and these areas are the main endemic foci of the disease. The CL type was found in Karamay, Xinjiang in the 1980s, and its distribution in other areas of China has yet to be investigated. In recent years, CL cases imported from abroad have been reported in Sichuan, Anhui, Xinjiang and Henan provinces/autonomous regions. It remains to be determined if the disease can spread in western China. The prevalence of AIDS and the increased numbers of HIV infections in the population offer possibilities of co-infection with Leishmania and HIV. This will have an impact on the endemic trend of leishmaniasis in China.

Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, Leishmania and HIV co-infection, Control

CLC Number:

R531.6

Li-ren GUAN, Chun-hua GAO. Leishmaniasis and its control[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2018, 36(4): 418-425.

Figures/Tables 5

References 69

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利什曼病种类	利什曼病分布的国家/地区（个）
利什曼病种类	东半球	西半球
内脏利什曼病及皮肤利什曼病兼有	57	11
仅内脏利什曼病	8	0
仅皮肤利什曼病	13	10^*
合计	78	21

野生动物	学名	虫种鉴定	查获的国家或地区
狼	Canis lupus	L. infantum	前苏联中亚地区
豺（胡狼）	Canis aureus	L. infantum	伊朗、伊拉克、塔吉克斯坦
赤狐	Vulpes vulpes	L. infantum	阿塞拜疆、伊朗、法国、意大利、西班牙、葡萄牙
狐	V. corsak	*	阿塞拜疆
狐	Lycalopex vetulus	*	巴西
食蟹狐	Cerdocyon thous	L. infantum	巴西
貉	Nyctereutes procyonoides	L. infantum	中国密云

动物	不同调查地点的动物种类及数量/只
动物	内蒙古额济纳旗	新疆阿拉尔、巴楚、吐鲁番	甘肃秦安、天水	四川南坪、汶川
鼠	2 063	3 345	2 721	299
猬	91	51	0	0
兔	32	84^*	8	2
狐	151	0	101	0
狼	0	0	2	0
獾	0	0	3	0
鼬	0	0	2	1