Spatiotemporal distribution of Pomacea snails in China based on GBIF data and its association with genetic tracing

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.04.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of Pomacea snail presence records in China in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) platform and their associations with genetic tracing, so as to provide insights into precise monitoring and control of hotspot colonization and risk areas of Pomacea snails. Methods Records of valid Pomacea snail presence in China from 2001 to 2024 were collected from the GBIF platform, and a descriptive statistical was performed using the software SPSS 26.0. In addition, publications regarding genetic tracing of Pomacea snails in China were systematically retrieved during the same study period, and population genetic structure and tracing evidence were extracted from publications to comprehensively examine their correlations. Results A total of 1 785 valid records were screened, covering 17 province-level administrative regions in China. The records were predominantly based on human observations (1 669 records, 93.50%), with a mean coordinate uncertainty of 70.42 m, indicating high spatial accuracy. The latitudes of valid records ranged from 18.298 967°N (Hainan) to 32.078 623°N (Jiangsu) and the longitudes ranged from 100.787 644°E (Yunnan) to 121.924 861°E (Taiwan), exhibiting a distribution pattern of a higher density in the southern region and a lower density in the northern region. Taiwan (1 435 records, 80.39%), Hunan (108 records, 6.05%), and Guangdong (85 records, 4.76%) emerged as the three primary hotspots for records. Temporally, a three-phase progression characteristic of “sporadic development” “slow initial growth” and “explosive growth” was found. From 2001 to 2010, a total of 4 records were documented; from 2011 to 2020, 503 records (an annual average of 50.3) were recorded. The record counts surged to 1 278 during the period between 2021 and 2024 (an annual average of 319.5), peaking in 2024 (386 records), with Taiwan as the primary contributor (364 records, 94.30%). A literature review of nine studies on genetic tracing revealed P. canaliculata as the overwhelmingly dominant Pomacea species in China, with origins traced to Argentina and Brazil in South America. Pomacea snail populations in Taiwan exhibited the most complicated genetic structure, while Pomacea snail populations from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Jiangsu and Shanghai) showed high genetic diversity (Hd = 0.627). In addition, some hotspots recorded in GBIF strongly coincided with areas with a high genetic diversity. Conclusion Some hotspots recorded in GBIF are spatially consistent with areas with a high genetic diversity of Pomacea snails. Taiwan serves as the core dispersal origin, while the lower reaches of the Yangtze River exhibit independent invasion events and a sustained northward expansion trend.

Key words: Pomacea, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Occurrence record, Distribution characteristic, Genetic tracing

CLC Number:

Q958

MAO Qi, YU Qing, LV Xihong, SUN Zhongxing, JIN Yanjun. Spatiotemporal distribution of Pomacea snails in China based on GBIF data and its association with genetic tracing[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2026, 44(4): 512-516.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Table 2

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地区 Region	记录数（占比/%） Number of records ( Proportion/%)	最低纬度/°N Lowest latitude/°N	最高纬度/°N Highest latitude/°N	最低经度/°E Lowest longitude/°E	最高经度/°E Highest longitude/°E
台湾 Taiwan	1 435（80.39）	22.025 617	25.273 225	118.396 825	121.924 861
湖南 Hunan	108（6.05）	27.668 27	28.528 04	111.431 887	113.367 648
广东 Guangdong	85（4.76）	22.127 852	23.657 012	113.022 353	114.413 208
香港 Hong Kong	74（4.15）	22.266 297	22.537 154	113.948 35	114.361 244
浙江 Zhejiang	17（0.95）	28.605 207	30.307 156	119.217 8	121.552 892
江苏 Jiangsu	10（0.56）	31.075 737	32.078 623	118.805 363	120.816 55
福建 Fujian	9（0.5）	24.438 304	26.383 137	118.073 358	119.646 83
江西 Jiangxi	9（0.5）	25.579 866	27.434 422	113.915 581	115.846 169
四川 Sichuan	9（0.5）	30.562 094	30.991 737	104.025 559	104.273 016
云南 Yunnan	7（0.39）	21.927 408	22.033 65	100.787 644	101.254 933
广西 Guangxi	7（0.39）	21.935 63	25.090 574	106.43	110.752 075
海南 Hainan	6（0.34）	18.298 967	20.016 815	109.456 817	110.506 386
安徽 Anhui	3（0.17）	31.541 922	31.690 003	117.361 4	118.506 959
湖北 Hubei	2（0.11）	29.43	29.784 756	113.54	114.359 367
贵州 Guizhou	2（0.11）	24.400 13	26.463 924	106.848 62	106.937 647
重庆 Chongqing	1（0.06）	29.744 468	29.744 468	105.794 77	105.794 77
上海 Shanghai	1（0.06）	31.036 218	31.036 218	120.921 726	120.921 726
合计 Total	1 785（100）	—	—	—	—

坐标不确定度区间/m Uncertainty interval of coordinates/m	记录数/条 No. records/strips	占比/% Proportion/%
空值 Null value	728	40.78
≤ 10	573	32.10
11~100	265	14.85
101~500	194	10.87
501~1 000	25	1.40
合计 Total	1 785	100