Analysis on the surveillance of soil-transmitted nematode infection in Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2023

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2024.05.010

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the surveillance of soil-transmitted nematode (STN) infection in Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2023, to understand its current status and trends, providing scientific basis for developing control strategies. Methods From 2019 to 2023, in accordance with the requirements of the National Surveillance Program and Implementation Guideline for Clonorchiasis and Soil-transmitted Nematodes, in different regions of Shanxi Province, 14, 18, 15, 18, and 18 counties were selected for the surveillance, respectively. Each selected surveillance county was divided into five geographic sectors (east, south, west, north, and center). From each sector, one township (town, street) was randomly selected, and subsequently, one administrative village was chosen from each selected township for the surveillance. In each selected village, the participants were cluster sampled, with no less 200 villigers for the survey. Fecal samples of no less than 30 g were collected from the participants, and examined microscopically using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slide-reading, each sample) for STN eggs to calculate the infection rate. Hookworm egg positive fecal samples were further examined using the test tube-filter paper cultivation method to identify the parasite species. Additionally, microscopic-detection of Enterobius vermicularis eggs was conducted in children aged 3 to 9 using the transparent adhesive paper anal swab method. χ² test was employed to compare infection rates. Results From 2019 to 2023, the infection rates of STN in the surveillance population in Shanxi Province were 0.05% (7/14 189), 0.05% (9/18 019), 0.12% (18/15 024), 0 (0/18 109), and 0.11% (21/18 383), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in infection rates between years (χ² = 26.464, P < 0.01). During this period, the infection rates of Ascaris lumbricoides were 0.02% (3/14 189), 0.01% (1/18 019), 0 (0/15 024), 0 (0/18 109), 0.04% (8/18 383); and the infection rates of E. vermicularis were 0.02% (3/14 189), 0.04% (8/18 019), 0.12% (18/15 024), 0 (0/18 109), 0.07% (13/18 383), respectively. The infection rates of both A. lumbricoides and E. vermicularis showed statistically significant differences between years (χ² = 13.586 and 27.674, both P < 0.01). The Trichuris trichiura infection rate was 0.007% (1/14 189) in 2019, and 0 in the subsequent years. Notably, no hookworm infections were found from 2019 to 2023. Regarding gender, the infection rates for STNs in male and female were 0.07% (30/40 707), and 0.06% (25/43 017), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ² = 0.773, P > 0.05). In age groups, the highest infection rate of STNs was 0.30% (30/9 913) in the 3-9 year-old group, followed by 0.05% (8/14 828) in the 50-59 year-old group, and 0.05% (3/5 938) in the 20-29 year-old group. There were statistically significant differences in the infection rates between different age groups (χ² = 98.579, P < 0.01). Among different occupations, scattered children had the highest average infection rate (0.90%, 6/665), followed by nursery children (0.36%, 17/4 707). The differences in infection rates among different occupations were statistically significant (χ² = 64.542, P < 0.01). In terms of literacy levels, preschool children had the highest average infection rate of 0.42% (23/5 433), followed by elementary school at 0.07% (16/24 103). There was a statistically significant difference in infection rates among different literacy levels (χ² = 57.218, P < 0.01). In 2019—2023, Shanxi Province completed monitoring in 79 different surveillance counties in 11 cities, with positive infections found in 17 of these counties. Xia County of Yuncheng City had the highest infection rate of 1.00% (10/1 000), followed by Wenshui County of Lvliang City, and Lingshi County of Jinzhong City, both at 0.60% (6/1 003) 0.60% (6/1 003). The differences in infection rates among the different surveillance counties were statistically significant (χ² = 29.741, P < 0.05). Conclusion The infection rate of STN in Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2023 showed a trend of low-level prevalence, with E. vermicularis being the primary parasite. It is necessary to further strengthen the comprehensive control of STN infections, particularly among key populations such as children and the elderly.

Key words: Soil-transmitted nematode, Infection, Monitoring county, Shanxi Province

CLC Number:

R532.1

WANG Jingying, TIE Ping, ZHENG Yuhua, BAI Yongfei, WANG Ting, WANG Santao. Analysis on the surveillance of soil-transmitted nematode infection in Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2023[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2024, 42(5): 629-634.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Table 2

Population distribution of soil-transmitted nematode infection at the surveillance counties in Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2023a

特征 Feature	检查人数 No. examined	感染人数 No. infected	平均感染率/% Average infection rate/%	蛔虫 A. lumbricoides		蛲虫 E. vermicularis		鞭虫 T. trichiura
特征 Feature	检查人数 No. examined	感染人数 No. infected	平均感染率/% Average infection rate/%	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%
性别 Gender
男 Male	40 707	30	0.07	5	0.01	24	0.06	1	0.002
女 Female	43 017	25	0.06	7	0.02	18	0.04	0	0
小计 Subtotal	83 724	55	0.07	12	0.01	42	0.05	1	0.001
年龄组/岁Age group/Year
3~9	9 913	30	0.30	1	0.01	29	0.29	0	0
10~19	8 673	2	0.02	2	0.02	0	0	0	0
20~29	5 938	3	0.05	0	0	2	0.03	1	0.017
30~39	11 315	4	0.04	2	0.02	2	0.02	0	0
40~49	10 629	2	0.02	0	0	2	0.02	0	0
50~59	14 828	8	0.05	4	0.03	4	0.03	0	0
60~69	13 424	5	0.04	3	0.02	2	0.01	0	0
≥ 70	9 004	1	0.01	0	0	1	0.01	0	0
小计 Subtotal	83 724	55	0.07	12	0.01	42	0.05	1	0.001
职业 Occupation
农（牧）民 Farmer	53 445	20	0.04	8	0.01	11	0.02	1	0.002
学生 Student	13 665	9	0.07	3	0.02	6	0.04	0	0
民工及工人 Migrant workers and workers	3 763	1	0.03	0	0	1	0.03	0	0
幼托儿童 Nursery children	4 707	17	0.36	0	0	17	0.36	0	0
散居儿童 Scattered children	665	6	0.90	0	0	6	0.90	0	0
餐饮食品业 Restaurant and food industry	433	1	0.23	0	0	1	0.23	0	0
其他 Others	1 284	1	0.08	1	0.08	0	0	0	0
小计 Subtotal	77 962	55	0.07	12	0.02	42	0.05	1	0.001
文化程度 Education level
学龄前儿童 Preschool children	5 433	23	0.42	0	0	23	0.42	0	0
小学 Primary school	24 103	16	0.07	7	0.03	8	0.03	1	0.004
初中 Junior high school	34 606	12	0.04	3	0.01	9	0.03	0	0
高中/中专 High school/technical secondary school	9 135	3	0.03	1	0.01	2	0.02	0	0
大专及以上 College and above	6 211	1	0.02	1	0.02	0	0	0	0
小计 Subtotal	79 488	55	0.07	12	0.02	42	0.05	1	0.001

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

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调查地区 Area investigated	年份 Year	县（市、区） County (City，District)	调查人数 No. exam’d	感染数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	蛔虫 A. lumbricoides		蛲虫 E. vermicularis		鞭虫 T. trichiura
调查地区 Area investigated	年份 Year	县（市、区） County (City，District)	调查人数 No. exam’d	感染数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	感染数 No. infected	感染率% Infection rate%	感染数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	感染数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%
临汾市 Linfen City	2019	汾西 Fenxi	1 086	1	0.09	0	0	1	0.09	0	0
	2023	霍州 Huozhou	1 000	4	0.40	0	0	4	0.40	0	0
吕梁市 Lvliang City	2019	文水 Wenshui	1 003	6	0.60	3	0.30	2	0.20	1	0.100
	2020	中阳 Zhongyang	997	3	0.30	1	0.10	2	0.20	0	0
	2021	临县 Lin County	998	2	0.20	0	0	2	0.20	0	0
忻州市 Xinzhou City	2020	忻府 Xinfu	1 006	2	0.20	0	0	2	0.20	0	0
	2020	保德 Baode	1 000	4	0.40	0	0	4	0.40	0	0
阳泉市 Yangquan City	2021	郊区 Jiaoqu	1 000	1	0.10	0	0	1	0.10	0	0
运城市 Yuncheng City	2021	闻喜 Wenxi	1 003	2	0.20	0	0	2	0.20	0	0
	2021	夏县 Xia County	1 000	10	1.00	0	0	10	1.00	0	0
	2021	平陆 Pinglu	1 000	3	0.30	0	0	3	0.30	0	0
	2023	稷山 Jishan	1 001	5	0.50	0	0	5	0.50	0	0
	2023	新绛 Xinjiang	1 050	1	0.10	1	0.10	0	0	0	0
	2023	绛县 Jiang County	1 034	2	0.19	0	0	2	0.19	0	0
太原市 Taiyuan City	2023	尖草坪 Jiancaoping	1 037	2	0.19	2	0.19	0	0	0	0
	2023	古交 Gujiao	1 002	1	0.10	1	0.10	0	0	0	0
晋中市 Jinzhong City	2023	灵石 Lingshi	1 003	6	0.60	4	0.40	2	0.20	0	0
合计 Total			17 220	55	0.32	12	0.07	42	0.24	1	0.006